初中英語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞不定式用法梳理

1、八年級(jí)英語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞不定式用法梳理動(dòng)詞不定式是由“不定式符號(hào)to+動(dòng)詞原形構(gòu)成的一種非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞結(jié)構(gòu)。有些動(dòng)詞不定式不帶to，動(dòng)詞不定式可以作句子的主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)、補(bǔ)語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)或單獨(dú)使用。不定式保存動(dòng)詞的某些特性，可以有自己的賓語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)等。動(dòng)詞不定式和它后面的賓語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)等一起構(gòu)成短語(yǔ)，叫作不定式短語(yǔ)。一、用作主語(yǔ)直接把動(dòng)詞不定式置于句首的情況不多，多數(shù)情況用it作形式主語(yǔ)，把真正的主語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞不定式置于句末，特別是不定式短語(yǔ)較長(zhǎng)時(shí)。動(dòng)詞不定式作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用第三人稱單數(shù)形式。帶疑問(wèn)詞的不定式短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)常置于句首，復(fù)合不定式結(jié)構(gòu)作主語(yǔ)常置于句末。如：1. I t is our duty to try

2、 our best to deal with these problems.2.The head teacher said it was necessary to talk with his mother. 3.How to learn English well is important. 4.To see is to believe.(眼見(jiàn)為實(shí)；百聞不如一見(jiàn))二、用作表語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞不定式作表語(yǔ)，常說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的內(nèi)容、性質(zhì)、特征。如：1.The best way is to join an English club. 2.The first thing is to listen to the teach

3、er carefully. 三、用作賓語(yǔ)1.可以接帶to的動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞主要有：要求選擇同意(ask, choose, agree)，期望決定學(xué)習(xí)(expect, hope, decide, learn)，寧可假裝知道(prefer, pretend, know)，希望想要愿意(wish, want, would like / love)。如：1)We decided to talk to some students about why they go there. 2)He prefers to eat white bread and rice.3)Id love to visit

4、Mexico.2.動(dòng)詞decide, know, learn, show, teach, tell.，介詞結(jié)構(gòu)on.可用疑問(wèn)詞帶to的不定式短語(yǔ)作賓語(yǔ)，但why后面的不定式不帶to。如：1)Could you please tell me where to park my car?2)It gives advice on what to do in lots of different situations. 3.動(dòng)詞feel, find, make, think等后面，可以用it作形式賓語(yǔ)代替真正的賓語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞不定式，句子結(jié)構(gòu)是.feel / find / make / . it+adj. / n

5、.+to do.。如：I find it difficult to remember everything. 4.既可接動(dòng)詞不定式又可接ving形式作賓語(yǔ)，意思差異不太大的動(dòng)詞有begin, start, like, love等。一般說(shuō)來(lái)，動(dòng)詞不定式表一次、數(shù)次的具體動(dòng)作、將來(lái)動(dòng)作或動(dòng)作的全過(guò)程，ving形式表習(xí)慣性的連續(xù)動(dòng)作。但是這種區(qū)別并不很嚴(yán)格，特別是美國(guó)英語(yǔ)，即使是習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作也可以用動(dòng)詞不定式。如：1)Then I started to watch Tv.2)Im beginning to understand my parents.begin用了進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)，后面只接不定式作賓語(yǔ)，表示

6、事情剛開始，還要繼續(xù)下去。3)I like to eat vegetables. 感知?jiǎng)釉~like, love, know等一般不用進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)。5.后接動(dòng)詞不定式或ving形式作賓語(yǔ)，意思差異較大的動(dòng)詞有forget, remember等。后接不定式作賓語(yǔ)，表動(dòng)作尚未發(fā)生；后接ving形式作賓語(yǔ)，表動(dòng)作已經(jīng)發(fā)生。stop to do停下來(lái)做另外一件事，to do是目的狀語(yǔ)；stop doing停止做、不做當(dāng)前這件事，doing是賓語(yǔ)。try to do盡力做，try doing試試看；go on to do接著做另外的事，go on doing繼續(xù)做原來(lái)的事。如：1)When I left ho

7、me, I forgot to bring it with me.2)I stopped using them last year. 四、用作定語(yǔ)1.句子的主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)是動(dòng)詞不定式的邏輯主語(yǔ)，不定式與其所修飾的名詞、代詞等存在邏輯的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系.1)I have so many clothes to wash today.2)I cant think of any good advice to give her. 3)We have no houses to live in.2.動(dòng)詞不定式所修飾的名詞是place, time, way等時(shí)，不定式與這些名詞呈現(xiàn)出動(dòng)狀關(guān)系或同位關(guān)系。如：1)He ne

8、eds time to do homework.2) He wants to know the best way to travel around the city.3.在“there be.句型里，句子的主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)詞不定式動(dòng)作的對(duì)象：1)Theres just so much to see and do here. 2). but there are still many things to do there.五、用作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)1.帶to的動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞主要有：要求允許提議(ask, allow, , advise)，期望邀請(qǐng)鼓勵(lì)(expect, , invite, encour

9、age)，教導(dǎo)告訴想要(teach, tell, want)，等待希望愿意(wait for, wish, would like / love)。如：1)Id invite her to have dinner at my house.2 We should allow the children to choose their own clothes. 2.動(dòng)詞不定式作補(bǔ)語(yǔ)，在主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)句里不帶to，被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)句里帶to時(shí)多數(shù)動(dòng)詞是感官動(dòng)詞和使役動(dòng)詞，包括四“看：look at, observe, see, watch，三“讓：have, let, make，二“聽(tīng)：hear, listen to

10、，一“感覺(jué)：feel，一“注意：notice。如：1)This picture makes me feel excited！2)We saw Liu Yu play baseball last week.3.help后接動(dòng)詞不定式作補(bǔ)語(yǔ)，to可帶可不帶。1) they can help you to learn English.2)Using email English helps you write quickly. 六、用作狀語(yǔ)1.目的狀語(yǔ)，置于句首或句末，置于句首時(shí)常表示強(qiáng)調(diào)。如：1)In order to catch the early bus, she got up very ear

11、ly.2)A group of young people got together to discuss this question. 3)She came to this city to visit her daughter.2.原因狀語(yǔ)，多見(jiàn)于“sb.+be+adj.+to do.結(jié)構(gòu)句中。如：1) I feel very lucky to have him.2) he ran out of money to buy old bikes. 3.結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)，多見(jiàn)于“too.to，“enough to.結(jié)構(gòu)句中。如：1) Im too tired to do it well. 2)The roo

12、m is big enough for three people to live in.七、動(dòng)詞不定式的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)動(dòng)詞不定式的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)是“for / of sb. to do sth.，for / of引出不定式動(dòng)作的邏輯主語(yǔ)。這種結(jié)構(gòu)在句子中可以作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)等。不定式復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)的介詞用for還是of，主要決定于前面形容詞的性質(zhì)。一般說(shuō)來(lái)，of前面的形容詞是careful, clever, foolish, good, kind, nice, wise等，既說(shuō)明人的特性，又說(shuō)明不定式動(dòng)作的特性。for前面的形容詞是dangerous, difficult, easy, hard,

13、 heavy, important, interesting, necessary等，一般說(shuō)明不定式動(dòng)作的特性，前面如果是名詞用for。如：1.Its a good idea for parents to allow children to study in groups during the evening. 2.Its wise of him to do it well.3)Is it interesting for the baby to play with a pet dog?八、帶疑問(wèn)詞的不定式短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞不定式前面可以帶疑問(wèn)代詞what, which, who或疑問(wèn)副詞how, whe

14、n, where, why等。這種結(jié)構(gòu)起名詞的作用，在句子里用作賓語(yǔ)、主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)等，或者單獨(dú)使用。要注意的是，why后面的不定式不帶to。如：1.用作句子的成分。1)I dont know what to try next. (作賓語(yǔ))2)Where to go is not decided yet.(作主語(yǔ))2.單獨(dú)使用時(shí)相當(dāng)于一個(gè)特殊疑問(wèn)句。1)What to do next?(=What will we / you do next?2)Why go there?(=Why do we / you go there?九、動(dòng)詞不定式的否認(rèn)式不定式的否認(rèn)式是not / never to do.

15、，不帶to的不定式的否認(rèn)式是not / never do.如：1.They decide not to talk to each other.2.His parents tell him never to play soccer in the street.單項(xiàng)選擇： 1. The teacher told them _ make so much noise. A. dont B. not C. will not D. not to 2. My mother often tells me _so many mistakes.A. not to make B. to not make C. do

16、nt make D. not make 3. Tell him _ the window. A. to shut (關(guān))not B. not to shut C. to not shut D. not shut 4. The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street, but his mother told him _. A. not to B. not to do C. not do it D. do not to 5. Mrs Smith warned(警告) her daughter _ after drinking. A. never t

17、o drive B. to never drive C. never driving D. never drive 6. The doctor asked the patient _rich food after the operation(手術(shù)). A. to eat not B. eating not C. not to eat D. not eating 7. The workers want us _ together with them. A. work B. working C. to work D. worked 8. I saw him _ out of the room. A

18、. go B. went C.is going D. goes 9. He often makes his little sister _, A. cry B. crying C. cried D. to cry 10 Therere so many kinds of new bikes on sale that I cant make up my mind _ to buy. A. what B. which C. how D. where 11. He cant decide _ to stay or not. A. whether B. if C. either D. if he wil

19、l 12. - The light in the office is still on. - Oh, I forgot _. A. turning it off B. turn it off C. to turn it off D. turned it off 13. We agreed _ here. A. met B. meeting C. to meet D. meet 14. Frank is the kind of person who people like to _. A. make friend with B. make friends of C. make friends D

20、. make friends with 15. Go on _ the other exercise after you finishthis one. A. to do B. doing C.does D. did 16. She reached the top of the hill and stopped _ on a big rock A. rested B. resting C. to rest D. rest 17. Tom kept quiet about the accident because he was afraid of_ his job. A. lose B. to

21、lose C. losing D. lost 18. I need a day or two _. A. to think it over B. to think over C. of thinking 19. He was too excited _. A. speak B. to speak C. not to speak D. speaking 20. Im hungry. Get me something _. A. eat B. to eat C. eating D. for eating 21. - I usually go there by train. - Why not _

22、by boat for a change ? A. to try going B. trying to go C. to try and go D. try going 22. I asked him to _ me a few minutes so that we could go over all the problems. A. spend B. spare C. save D. share 23. They wont let his mother _him in that way. A. to treat B. treated C. treat D. treats 24. Im sor

23、ry I forgot _your dictionary. Lets borrow one from Li Ming. A. to take B. taking C. to bring D. bringing 25. She couldnt decide which restaurant _. A. to have lunch B. to eat C. to eat at D. eating at 26. Dont forget _ the letter . A. to send B. send C. sending D. sent 27. The chair looks very old, I want a new one