小六英語第1講：可數(shù)名詞-(2)

1、第1講 可數(shù)名詞一、定義 名詞是表示人或事物名稱的詞。它既可以表示具體的東西，也可以是表示抽象的東西。 二、分類 1. 名詞可以根據(jù)意義分為普通名詞和專有名詞 如：john is a student student是普通名詞，john是專有名詞 普通名詞前可以用不定冠詞a/an, 定冠詞the 或不加冠詞，專有名詞前一般不加冠詞，專有名詞的首字母要大寫。 2. 普通名詞又可以分為個體名詞、集體名詞、物質(zhì)名詞和抽象名詞，其中個體名詞與集體名詞是可數(shù)名詞，物質(zhì)名詞和抽象名稱是不可數(shù)名詞。 3. 專有名詞 專有名詞是表示人名、地名、團(tuán)體、機(jī)構(gòu)、組織等的專有名詞，多為獨一無二的事物。 三、名詞的數(shù) 1

2、、名詞分為可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞。 可數(shù)名詞可以數(shù)的名詞 不可數(shù)名詞數(shù)不清（沒有復(fù)數(shù)） drink milk  tea  water  orange  juice  coke  coffee  porridge food rice  bread  meat  fish  fruit  cake  dumplings 2、可數(shù)名詞與不定冠詞a(an)連用有數(shù)數(shù)形式，不可數(shù)名詞不能與不定冠詞a(an)連用，沒有復(fù)數(shù)形式 many+可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù) much/a little+

3、不可數(shù)名詞 some, any , a lot of (lots of) 兩者都可以修飾。 3、可數(shù)名詞可以直接用數(shù)詞來修飾 不可數(shù)名詞  數(shù)詞 +量詞 +of + 名詞 對可數(shù)名詞的數(shù)量提問用how many 對不可數(shù)名詞的數(shù)量提問用 how much 4、不可數(shù)名詞的量有以下兩種表示方法： 1） some, much ,a little ,a lot of  ,a bit of , plenty of 用等表示多少。 注意既可以與可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)，又可以與不可數(shù)名詞連用的有：plenty of ,some ,a lot of ,lots of  ,most of

4、等。 如there is much water in the bottle .瓶中有很多水。 i'll tell you much good news.我要告訴你許多好消息。 we should collect some useful information我們應(yīng)該收集一些有用的消息。 2） 用單位詞表示。 用a . of 表示。 如a cup of （一杯.），a bottle of （一瓶.） a piece of （一張.），a pair of shoes（一雙鞋） 如two cups of tea（兩杯茶）,five pieces of paper（五張紙） 注意單位詞后的動詞

5、單復(fù)數(shù)形式往往取決于單位詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式；千、百等數(shù)詞與名詞加用，表示復(fù)數(shù)時，數(shù)詞仍保持單數(shù)，名詞變復(fù)數(shù)。 如two hundred students（200名學(xué)生） ten thousand trees（10000棵樹） 測試點he caught a lot of fish他抓到了許多魚（此處為許多條魚，fish的復(fù)數(shù)仍為fish或fishes） =he caught a lot of fishes. the paper is about some fresh-water fishes.這篇論文是有關(guān)幾種淡水魚的。（此處fish表示不同種類的魚，加復(fù)數(shù)詞尾-es） 5、可數(shù)名詞分為單數(shù)和復(fù)數(shù)。

6、 名詞單數(shù)就是該詞本身，在其前面加a或an。 1）單數(shù) 如a desk（一張桌子） an old desk（一張舊書桌） 2）復(fù)數(shù)：要表示一個以上概念時，要用名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式 規(guī)則變化 1）一般情況下加-s 如book-books（書）desk-desks（書桌） 2）以s ,x ,ch , sh結(jié)尾加-es 如box-boxes（盒子）bus-buses(公共汽車) 注意以 th 結(jié)尾加-s, month-months stomach-stomachs 3)以輔音字母+結(jié)尾，變y為i再加- es。 如city-cities(城市)  country-countries(國家) 注意以元

7、音+y，直接加s。如：day-days(天)，boy-boys(男孩) 4)以f或fe結(jié)尾，復(fù)數(shù)變f或 fe 為v再加-es 如knife-knives(書) ,  half-halves(一半) (thief ,wife ,life ,shelf ,knife ,leaf ,self ,half ,wolf) 注意有少數(shù)詞后直接加s，如roof-roofs (屋頂) 5)以o結(jié)尾 (1)輔音字母加o結(jié)尾名詞的加-es 如tomato-tomatoes(西紅杮) potato-potatoes(土豆) (2) 元音字母加o結(jié)尾名詞的加-s 如piano-pianos (鋼琴),

8、60; zoo-zoos(動物園) photo-photos (照片),  kangaroo-kangaroos(袋鼠) kilo-kilos(千克) 注意zero 兩種方式都可：zero-zeros或 zeroes(零) 不規(guī)則變化 1) 元音字母發(fā)變化。 如man-men(男人) ， woman-women(婦女) tooth-teeth(牙齒)  ， foot-feet(腳) mouse-mice(老鼠)  ， policeman-policemen(警察) policewoman-policewomen(女警察) 2) 詞尾發(fā)生變化。 如child-chi

9、ldren(小孩)  ， ox-oxen(公牛) 3) 單、復(fù)數(shù)形式相同。 如fish-fish(魚) ，sheep-sheep(綿羊) ，deer-deer(鹿) ，Chinese-Chinese(中國人) ，Yuan-Yuan(元) ，jinn-jinn(斤)   注意 不說an English，要說an Englishman. fish作魚肉講時不可數(shù)，沒有復(fù)數(shù)。 fishes指各種不同種類魚或指幾條魚。 4) 形似單數(shù)，實為復(fù)數(shù)意義。 如people(人，人們)these people (不說a people，可說a person) police(公安，警察)ten

10、 police (不說a police，可說a policeman) 5) 由man和woman構(gòu)成的合成名詞，變復(fù)數(shù)將名詞及man或woman都變成復(fù)數(shù)。 如a man driver-men drivers(男司機(jī)) a woman doctor-women doctors (女醫(yī)生) 6) 合成名詞變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù)時，通常只將里面所含的主體名詞變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù)。 如passer-by-passers-by(過路人) bus driver-bus drivers(汽車司機(jī)) 注意如果沒有主體名詞，就在最后一詞上加-s。如： grown-up-grown-ups(成年人) letter-box-letter-

11、boxes (信箱) 注意hair和fruit通常作單數(shù)，表示總體。若表示若干根頭發(fā)或若干種水果，則需用這兩個詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式。 如would you like some more fruit?  你要不要再吃點水果？ we bought a lot of fruit from the market.  我們從市場上買了許多水果， china has some good frits.  中國有一些好的水果。(指種類) she has a few white hairs.  她有幾要白頭發(fā)。 his black hair is going white.

12、0; 他的黑發(fā)逐漸變成灰白色。 注意wind ,snow和rain這類詞，有時也可以有復(fù)數(shù)形式，表示多次的風(fēng)、雪或雨。 注意以boy 和girl開頭的復(fù)合名詞變成復(fù)數(shù)時，一般只把后一名詞變成復(fù)數(shù)。 如  boy student-boy students(男學(xué)生) girlfriend-girlfriends(女朋友) 7) 有些名詞只有作復(fù)數(shù)。 如scissors(剪刀)a pair of scissors(一把剪刀)trousers(褲子)shorts(短褲)jeans(工裝褲)compasses(兩腳規(guī))scales(天平)sunglasses(太陽鏡)surroundings(

13、環(huán)境)savings(儲蓄)writings(作品) 名詞+man(woman)構(gòu)成的復(fù)合名詞，其復(fù)數(shù)形式通常與簡單名詞一樣，即把man(woman)改成men(women)。 如Englishman-Englishmen(英國人)   Frenchwoman-Frenchwomen(法國婦女) 注意German不是復(fù)合詞，它的復(fù)數(shù)是Germans。常用口訣表示民族的名詞順口溜 （1）“中、日、瑞”友好是一致。 （2）“英、法”聯(lián)盟a變e。 （3）其他一律加s 即Chinese，Japanese單復(fù)數(shù)同形；Englishman，F(xiàn)renchman的復(fù)數(shù)為Englishmen，F(xiàn)ren

14、chmen；其他像German，American，Australian等的復(fù)數(shù)形式是在后面加“s”。 o結(jié)尾的名詞順口溜 1）有生命的以o結(jié)尾的名詞變復(fù)數(shù)時，詞尾加es，凡無生命的以o結(jié)尾的名詞變復(fù)數(shù)時，詞尾加s。 有生命：potato-potatoes, tomato-tomatoes, hero-heroes, negro-negroes 如無生命：zoo-zoos, radio-radios, photo-photos, piano-pianos, zero-zeros, bamboo（竹竿）-bamboos, tobacco（煙絲）-tobaccos1） 2）兩人兩菜一火山。（+es）

15、 小學(xué)中學(xué)課本中以o結(jié)尾的名詞構(gòu)成復(fù)數(shù)時，加es的只有negro（黑人），hero（英雄），potato（土豆），tomato（西紅杮），volcano（火山），這就是“兩人兩菜一火山”。 或：黑人和英雄吃土豆和西紅柿Negroes and heroes eat tomatoes and potatoes） 2）其余以o結(jié)尾的名詞變復(fù)數(shù)時均加s。 圖景：你在“zoo”里，看見一要“bamboo”，上面掛著一張“photo”，所照的是一架“piano”，上面放著一臺“radio”。 zoo-zoos , bamboo-bamboos ,photo-photos piano-pianos, rad

16、io-radios. f、fe結(jié)尾的順口溜（1）以f(e)結(jié)尾的名詞變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù)時，有的把f(e)改為v(e)再加s，其他的以“f(e)”結(jié)尾的名詞則直接加“s”。 妻子持刀去宰狼，小偷嚇得發(fā)了慌； 躲在架后保己命，半片樹葉遮目光。 wife（妻子），knife（刀子），wolf（狼）thief（小偷），shelf（架子），life（生命）leaf（樹葉），self（自己），half（一半），這9個名詞變復(fù)數(shù)時，都要改“f(e)”為“ve”再加“s”。 (2)以f結(jié)尾的名詞，一般把把f改為ves，但也有特殊情況是直接加-s的， 如gulf, roof, chief, serf, belief, p

17、roof, handkerchief。編成口訣聯(lián)想： 海灣邊、屋頂上，首領(lǐng)農(nóng)仆相望； 誰說他們無信仰，語氣定在手帕上 巧記不規(guī)則名詞單變復(fù) 男女腳步牙鵝，老鼠加虱婆。 man-men; woman-women; foot-feet; tooth-teeth; goose-geese; mouse-mice; louse-lice. 1、 掌握名詞的分類2、 掌握可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)變復(fù)數(shù)的規(guī)則 1. The _ in our yard are very beautiful.A. clothB. waterC. flowers解析：Be 動詞使用了are 所以前面的名詞為復(fù)數(shù)，AB為不可數(shù)，故選擇C2.

18、 Tom is one of the Chinese _ in our school.A. boy B. boys C. boies解析;one of 名詞復(fù)數(shù) ，boy 是元音加y 故選擇B3. A cat has four _ , doesn't it?A. foots B. feet C. feet解析foot 屬于特殊變形 feet 故選擇B4. There are three _ and five _ in the room.A. American, Japanese B Americans, Japanese C. American, Janpaneses解析：根據(jù)口訣中日

19、不變英法變其余S加后邊，故選擇B5. Can you see nine _ in the picture?A. fish B. book C. horse解析：nine 后邊為復(fù)數(shù)名詞排除bc，故選擇a6. The _ has two_.A. boy; watch B. boy; watches C. boys; watch解析：has 前主語為單數(shù)，two 后為復(fù)數(shù)，故選擇B7. The _ are flying back to their country.A. Germany B. Germanys C. Germans解析：根據(jù)口訣中日不變英法變其余S加后邊，故選擇cA部分一、 寫出下列

20、名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式1. computer _ 2.apple _ 3.city _4. house _ 5.sheep _ 6.watch _7. tomato _ 8.child _ 9.tooth _ 10. foot _ 11.wife _ 12.potato _ _ B部分二選擇填空1There are two _ in the room. A. Chineses B. Englishman2. The old man will have _ out. A. two tooths B. two teeth3. _ are sold in this bookstore. A. Childre

21、ns books B. Children books4. Some friends of _ will come here. A. Johns B. John 5. Can you give me _?A. some papers B. a piece of paper6. There are _ on the floor.A. some box B. some boxesC部分閱讀理解，根據(jù)短文回答下面的問題。(A)Kate, Bob, Rose and Li Jun are friends. They are in same class. Kate is twelve. She is fr

22、om England. She has long blond hair and blue eyes. Bob is twelve, too. He is from Canada. 1. He has short brown hair and grey eyes. Rose is thirteen. 2. She is from the U.S.A. She has long brown hair and blue eyes. 3.李俊13歲。Hes a Chinese boy. He has short black hair and two big black eyes. One day, t

23、hey put their coats in a bag. The coats are brown, green, red and black. The boys dont like red coats and the girls dont like black coats. Bob cant find his coat. It isnt green. Li Jun says,“ My coat is brown. ”根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，完成下面問題。1What does Kate look like? 2. 1部分的漢語是什么意思？3你能把 2部分變成一個一般疑問句嗎？43部分用英語怎么說？5請你

24、幫助Bob找到衣服，他的衣服是什么顏色的？ His coat is _. (B ) Mary is an English girl, but she is in Canada now. She is six years old. Her mother says to her,” Youre six and youll start to school here. You will like the school, because its a good school.” “Is it an English school?” Mary asks. “Yes, it is” Her mother te

25、lls her. She goes to school. The teachers are very friendly to her and speak good English. They like her and her classmates like her. She likes them very much ,too. Shes a happy girl.( ) 1.Mary is now in _.A. Japan B. England C. Canada D. English( ) 2.How old is she? A. Seven B. Six C. Five D. Twelv

26、e ( ) 3.Is Mary an English girl or a Chinese girl? A. Shes a Chinese girl. B. Shes an English boy. C. Shes an English girl. D. Hes an English girl.( ) 4. How are her teachers? A. They re happy. B. Theyre tall. C. They have big eyes. D. Theyre friendly.( )5. Does Mary like the school? A. No, she does

27、. B.Yes, she does. C. Yes, she doesnt D. No, she doesnt.按要求填入單詞的適當(dāng)形式1Two_ live in this building. (family)2Look at those _. (child)3I can see a _ standing near the door. (policeman)4There are some _ on the table. (glass)5Would you like some _? (bread)6I have two _. (sister)7I like _. (cat)8Do you wan

28、t some _ for supper? (potato)9He has two _. One is old ,the other is new .(watch)10In autumn ,you can see a lot of _ on the ground. (leaf)將下列句子變成復(fù)數(shù)形式1This is a knife. _2That is a tomato. _3I have a wish. _4That child is very lovely. _5An Englishman stood there. _選用下列正確的單詞或詞組，在正確的選項上打1Do you drink mu

29、ch (milk, milks)?2He had two (cup , cups) of tea.3I don't want (a, an) old cap.4Look at those (sheep, sheeps ).5How many (radioes , radios ) can you see?6There are 36 (boys, boies) in my class.閱讀理解， 根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容判斷正（T）誤(F)。（10分）It's Sunday morning. The students of Class 3 are giving their classroom

30、 a good cleaning.Miss Huang, their teacher, is working with them. The children are busy. Some are carrying water; some are cleaning the windows; others are sweeping the floor. Zhang Hua is putting up a map on the wall. It is a map of China. Wang Fei and Wei Qing are mending some broken chairs. The c

31、hildren are listening to the radio while they are working. The classroom looks nice and bright after the cleaning. The children are very happy. They go home for lunch at noon.( ) 1. The children are playing in their classroom on Sunday morning.( ) 2. Miss Huang, their mother, is working with them.( ) 3. There is a map of China on the wall.( ) 4. Two of them are repairing the broken chairs.( ) 5. They are singing