您需要多少人來支持sap項(xiàng)目

1、附件三：您需要多少人來支持SAP項(xiàng)目？眾所周知，實(shí)施R/3 費(fèi)用很高，但是長(zhǎng)期支持費(fèi)用有多少？請(qǐng)用下文中 Gartner的 "rules of thumb"來算一下，如果采用SAP系統(tǒng)你需要多少人來支持？與您原來估算的差距有多大？同高昂的長(zhǎng)期支持費(fèi)用相比，初期實(shí)施費(fèi)用根本算不了什么！原文：" Managing Enterprise Applications: From Packages To Productivity ", Gartner Group Europe Symposium proceedings, Cannes, France, Novemb

2、er 2-5, 1998, Fred Magee主題：企業(yè)管理軟件運(yùn)用：從軟件包到生產(chǎn)力的轉(zhuǎn)化Gartner集團(tuán)歐洲區(qū)會(huì)議記錄。地點(diǎn)：法國(guó)戛納時(shí)間：1998 年11月2號(hào)到 5號(hào)。To develop a rough estimate for the size of an ERP implementation staff, use five person months per concurrent user and normalize based on estimated project length.基于標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的項(xiàng)目實(shí)施周期和每并發(fā)用戶需五人月來粗略估計(jì) ERP實(shí)施的所需人工規(guī)模。SAP Im

3、plementation Staff % By RoleRolesAvg %Range %ESP Avg %When UsedTraining-Methodology31-1220Technical Architecture71-2747Gap Analysis30-1428Module Configuration6140-8224Interfaces70-3542Custom Extensions50-2138Data Conversion60-1841Testing/QA84-1922任 務(wù)行業(yè)平均占總?cè)诵袠I(yè)范圍的平均天的比例 %使用中培訓(xùn)-方法論31-1220技術(shù)體系71-2747差異分

4、析30-1428總體設(shè)置6140-8224接口70-3542客戶化50-2138數(shù)據(jù)轉(zhuǎn)換60-1841質(zhì)量測(cè)試84-1922Total Staff Size "Coarse" Rule of Thumb : 5 Person-Months per Concurrent UserSource: Gartner Measurement Selected Benchmark DataNote : ESP = Enterprise Service Providers, eg Big Six's and large SI's依“ Rule of Thumb ”規(guī)則粗略

5、估算出人員規(guī)模：每并發(fā)用戶所需五人月。資料來源： Gartner 集團(tuán)的測(cè)量基準(zhǔn)數(shù)據(jù)。備注： ESP 為企業(yè)服務(wù)提供商。例如國(guó)際六大咨詢服務(wù)商。There is no "correct" size for an ERP implementation team, there are simply too many variables involved. However, having said that some data is better than none. Using twelve selected Gartner Measurement SAP benchmarks

6、, the variability in staffing quickly becomes apparent. Core implementation team sizes ranged from 24 to 161 with implementation elapsed times ranging from10 to 48 months. No obvious meaningful correlation was present in the data, e.g.number of modules, number of instances, degree of customizationor

7、 number of interfaces. However, looking back at the implementation usingoperational concurrent users as a metric, a correlation was found. A"coarse" rule of thumb is 5 person months per concurrent user. Estimationsof project duration and concurrent users would lead to an overall estimatefo

8、r staff size. A rough approximation for concurrent users would be 1:6named users.對(duì)于一個(gè)ERP 系統(tǒng)實(shí)施團(tuán)隊(duì)的大小而言，沒有標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案，因?yàn)樵趯?shí)際情況中涉及太多不定因素。有人說有數(shù)據(jù)總比沒有的好。引用十二組Gartner 公司的測(cè)量SAP 實(shí)施基準(zhǔn)數(shù)據(jù)為例，基中人員配備可變因素變得明顯。根據(jù)SAP 以往項(xiàng)目實(shí)施時(shí)間的情況看，其核心實(shí)施隊(duì)伍規(guī)模一般從24 人到 161 人，實(shí)施時(shí)間范圍從10 個(gè)月到 48 個(gè)月。在數(shù)據(jù)中沒有反映明顯意義的相關(guān)性，例如產(chǎn)品的模塊數(shù)、方案實(shí)例數(shù)、客戶化程度或接口等。但是，運(yùn)用并發(fā)用戶的測(cè)

9、量標(biāo)準(zhǔn)來回顧項(xiàng)目的實(shí)施，就可以發(fā)現(xiàn)它們的相關(guān)性。單憑此經(jīng)驗(yàn)粗略估算，每并發(fā)用戶需五人月，估計(jì)項(xiàng)目持續(xù)的時(shí)間和并發(fā)用戶有可以估計(jì)項(xiàng)目組的大小規(guī)模，一個(gè)粗略的近似數(shù)是：每并發(fā)用戶：命名用戶=1 ：6For the 8 staff roles measured, the data indicates a wide range of usage,with configuration dominating share of staff. Approximately half the casesused ESP for certain roles and when they did the average

10、s indicatedsignificant portions of work being outsourced. (.)Staffing sizes vary widely by organization, but can be correlated to two keyparameters, concurrent users and the industry standard Unix metric例如以 8 個(gè)人員任務(wù)為基準(zhǔn)，數(shù)據(jù)顯示了一個(gè)很大的以配置來控制人員分配的使用范圍，約近一半案例使用了 ESP 任務(wù)，當(dāng)外包重要的工作部分時(shí)，他們使用所顯視的平均數(shù)人員規(guī)模配置的變化受組織影響，但

11、與并發(fā)用戶和相關(guān)工業(yè)應(yīng)用標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的兩個(gè)關(guān)鍵參數(shù)有關(guān)聯(lián)。SPECmark92 benchmark.以 SPECmark92為基準(zhǔn)SAP Support Staff EFT MetricsSAP 支持人員， EFT 標(biāo)準(zhǔn)ApplicationAvgRangeProcess Owners191-57Super Users20-10Programmers82-22IS Support40-15InfrastructureAvgRangeOperations61-18Tech Services91-28Help Desk10-8Network10-3應(yīng) 用平均數(shù)控制者19超級(jí)用戶2程序員8技術(shù)支持4基礎(chǔ)應(yīng)用

12、平均數(shù)操作6技術(shù)服務(wù)9桌面幫助1網(wǎng)絡(luò)1Rules Of Thumb :- Application Support EFT/100 Concurrent Users : Average = 8, Range = 4 - 18- Infrastructure Support EFT/1000 SPECmark92 : Average = 3.5, Range = 2 - 6單憑經(jīng)驗(yàn)的規(guī)則：-應(yīng)用軟件支持 - 基礎(chǔ)軟件支持EFT/100 并發(fā)用戶數(shù)。平均EFT/1000 SPECmark92=8，范圍 =4 18平均 =3.5，范圍 =2-5Application support covers st

13、aff that deal with user issues regarding applications, e.g. minor enhancements, bug fixes, report writing and questions regarding application functionality. Many companies draw from the same pool of SAP-skilled resources for both implementation and support.應(yīng)用軟件支持工作人員能處理有關(guān)軟件應(yīng)用用戶問題，例如：初級(jí)入門、錯(cuò)誤修復(fù)。 。、報(bào)告的

14、編寫和應(yīng)用軟件功能問題的反映。許多公司從 SAP 熟練的經(jīng)驗(yàn)中獲得實(shí)施和支持方面的幫助。Infrastructure staffing includes technical services personnel such as the Basis support team, systems programmers, capacity planners and performance experts. Also included are operations staff such as console operators, job schedulers and tape operators. W

15、e see no great difference in infrastructure staffing between SAP implementations and other client/server environments when we look at common metrics such as support headcount per unit of capacity.基礎(chǔ)應(yīng)用人員有技術(shù)服務(wù)人員，例如技術(shù)支持小組、系統(tǒng)程序員、生產(chǎn)量計(jì)劃員、執(zhí)行專家等。同時(shí)亦包括相關(guān)操作人員，例如控制臺(tái)操作員，工作日程計(jì)劃員、數(shù)據(jù)備份員。當(dāng)我們回顧其共同機(jī)制、標(biāo)準(zhǔn)如每容量單位的支持人員時(shí)，我

16、們發(fā)現(xiàn)在 SAP 實(shí)施和其他客戶 /服務(wù)環(huán)境之間的基本應(yīng)用人員并沒太多的不同。Two rules of thumb emerge from the selected benchmark data. Total EFT forapplication support is correlated to concurrent users, similar to what wasdone earlier for implementation. Infrastructure support is better correlatedto server capacity since this measures

17、 infrastructure size. The relevantSPECint numbers are drawn from the Unix industry standard SPECmark92benchmark.單憑經(jīng)驗(yàn)的兩個(gè)規(guī)則出現(xiàn)于被選基準(zhǔn)數(shù)據(jù)中， 。EFT 應(yīng)用支持是與并發(fā)用戶相關(guān)聯(lián)，類似于早期為實(shí)施所做的東西。 基礎(chǔ)支持與服務(wù)器容量之間的關(guān)系更密切， 因?yàn)榉?wù)器容量可以測(cè)量支持隊(duì)伍的規(guī)模。相關(guān)的 SPECint 數(shù)據(jù)從工業(yè)生產(chǎn)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)基準(zhǔn)數(shù)據(jù)中抽取。Variance in infrastructure costs among SAP users is over 3 to 1.

18、(For thetwelve SAP installations, monthly costs per 1,000 dialog steps : range from25 to 90 USD).在 SAP 的用戶之間的基本費(fèi)用差異是SAP每一千個(gè)對(duì)話點(diǎn)每月的成本）?；A(chǔ)設(shè)施成本里的變化是3 1倍以上。用戶包含基礎(chǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)成本（對(duì)SAP 十二安裝產(chǎn)品，SAP12 每 1,000對(duì)話的每月的成本：從 25 90 USD 的范圍。The hardware costs here include lease, maintenance and depreciation for all servers. Software includes SAP, DBMS and related software, with purchase costs depreciated over three years. Staff costs are salaries and benefitsfor the infrastructure staff. Most SAP shops have mirrored their production database capacity