高考語法名詞性從句ppt課件

1、Lecture 2 名詞性從句NOUN CLAUSES名詞名詞1.名詞：名詞： 表示人或事物的稱號的詞叫表示人或事物的稱號的詞叫名詞。名詞。2.名詞的句法作用：名詞在句中主要名詞的句法作用：名詞在句中主要作主語作主語,賓語賓語,表語和同位語。另外還可表語和同位語。另外還可以作定語以作定語,狀語。狀語。名詞性從句名詞性從句名詞性從句：名詞性從句： 在英語的句子構造中，本來該由名詞充任在英語的句子構造中，本來該由名詞充任的主語、賓語、表語和同位語，由一個句的主語、賓語、表語和同位語，由一個句子來充任子來充任 這個句子就叫名詞性從句。這個句子就叫名詞性從句。名詞性從句的種類：名詞性從句的種類：名詞性

2、從句可以分為主語從句、賓語從句、名詞性從句可以分為主語從句、賓語從句、表語從句和同位語從句。表語從句和同位語從句。引導名詞性從句的關聯(lián)詞引導名詞性從句的關聯(lián)詞連接代詞who, whom, whose, which, what, whatever連接副詞how, why, when, where， however, wherever連接詞that, whether, if, because，as if /as though（不充當從句的任何成分） 注：在名詞性從句中一概用陳說句的語序，注：在名詞性從句中一概用陳說句的語序，即使從句表達的是疑問含義。即使從句表達的是疑問含義。 The proble

3、m is what he has done to The problem is what he has done to the little boy.the little boy.How he succeeded is unknown to us.How he succeeded is unknown to us.Where we should hold the meeting Where we should hold the meeting needs to be discussed.needs to be discussed.名詞性從句的種類名詞性從句的種類名詞性從句1.1.主語從句主語從

4、句在句中作主語的句子叫主語從句在句中作主語的句子叫主語從句主語從句聯(lián)絡詞主語從句聯(lián)絡詞從屬連詞從屬連詞that，whether 銜接代詞銜接代詞what, who, which, whatever, whoever銜接副詞銜接副詞how,when,where, why等等1.1 that 1.1 that 引導主語從句引導主語從句1that1that引導主語從句時不同于其他引導主語從句時不同于其他的連詞，在主語從句中無任何意的連詞，在主語從句中無任何意義，也不充任任何成分，只是單義，也不充任任何成分，只是單純的連詞，起銜接作用，通常不純的連詞，起銜接作用，通常不可以省略。可以省略。That h

5、e stole a bike was true. That he stole a bike was true. That he will win is certain.That he will win is certain.thatthat2that2that從句可以置于句首從句可以置于句首, ,強調強調thatthat引引導的主語從句，連詞導的主語從句，連詞thatthat不可省略。不可省略。1.That he would take the risk is true.1.That he would take the risk is true.2.That the driver could n

6、ot control his 2.That the driver could not control his car was obvious.car was obvious.thatthat3 3通常情況下，通常情況下，thatthat引導主語從句引導主語從句時，常用時，常用it it做方式主語，而將做方式主語，而將that-that-從句置于句尾，在這構造中從句置于句尾，在這構造中連詞連詞thatthat有時可以省略。有時可以省略。1.It made us very happy that she was 1.It made us very happy that she was chosen.

7、chosen.2. It isnt surprising (that) he has 2. It isnt surprising (that) he has married her.married her.thatthat4 4以以thatthat分詞為主語的句子是疑問分詞為主語的句子是疑問句，只能用先行句，只能用先行it it構造。構造。1. Is it certain that he will come?1. Is it certain that he will come?2. Is it true that he will take the 2. Is it true that he w

8、ill take the risk?risk?thatthat5 it5 it做方式主語置于句首時做方式主語置于句首時It +be +It +be +描畫詞描畫詞+that +that 從句從句It+be+It+be+名詞詞組名詞詞組+that-+that-分句分句It + be+ -edIt + be+ -ed分詞分詞+ that-+ that-從句從句it +be+it +be+不及物動詞不及物動詞+that-+that-從句從句例句It is likely that he will come.It is likely that he will come.It is a pity that

9、 he missed the It is a pity that he missed the train.train.It is said that he is a famous It is said that he is a famous writer.writer.It seems that he is wrong.It seems that he is wrong.(Should) do1 1 在表示詫異、喜悅、遺憾、等感情顏色時，在表示詫異、喜悅、遺憾、等感情顏色時，that-that-從句中的謂語動詞也常用從句中的謂語動詞也常用shouldshould+ +動詞原形動詞原形It is

10、 important that he (should) attend It is important that he (should) attend the meeting.the meeting.2 2在表示建議、要求、命令等意義的被動構造在表示建議、要求、命令等意義的被動構造中，中，that-that-分句中的謂語動詞常用分句中的謂語動詞常用shouldshoulddodoIt is suggested that the meeting It is suggested that the meeting (should) be held this afternoon.(should) be

11、held this afternoon.1.2whether1.2whether引導主語從句引導主語從句意為意為“能否，只起鏈接作用，不充任能否，只起鏈接作用，不充任任何成分。任何成分。Whether he will come is uncertain.whetherwhether引導主語從句引導主語從句1 1從句置于句首時必需用從句置于句首時必需用whetherwhether引導引導2 2置于句尾時，有時置于句尾時，有時ifif可以和可以和whetherwhether交換。交換。Whether she comes or not doesnt Whether she comes or not

12、doesnt concern me.concern me.I dont concern whether/if she comes.I dont concern whether/if she comes.1.31.3銜接代詞和銜接副詞銜接代詞和銜接副詞在句中既保管本人的疑問含義、又起銜在句中既保管本人的疑問含義、又起銜接作用，在從句中充任成分。接作用，在從句中充任成分。Who will win the match is still Who will win the match is still unknown. unknown. Where the English evening will be

13、 Where the English evening will be held has not yet been announced. held has not yet been announced. What he wants to tell us is not What he wants to tell us is not clear. clear. 連詞代詞連詞代詞whatwhat、whowho、whichwhich、whosewhose這些銜接代詞作用相當于代詞，在主語從這些銜接代詞作用相當于代詞，在主語從句中擔當主語、賓語、表語、定語等。句中擔當主語、賓語、表語、定語等。What w

14、e need is more time.賓語賓語Whose book it is is not important.表語表語Which school you want to go matters much.定語定語銜接副詞銜接副詞when,where,why,howwhen,where,why,how這些銜接副詞相當于副詞，在主語從這些銜接副詞相當于副詞，在主語從句中充任狀語。句中充任狀語。Why he did this is not known.When he will come is still unknow.留意：用作主語的留意：用作主語的wh-wh-引導的主引導的主語從句也常用語從句也

15、常用it it做方式主語。做方式主語。It is not know why he did this.It is not know why he did this.It is not yet clear who was It is not yet clear who was responsible for the acident.responsible for the acident.主語從句特點主語從句特點1 1、引導詞：、引導詞：whatwhichwhosewhenwhetherifwhatwhichwhosewhenwhetherifwhere where 2 2語序：賓語從句必需是用陳說

16、語句。語序：賓語從句必需是用陳說語句。練習練習39._be sent to work there?02上海A. Who do you suggestB. Who do you suggest that shouldC. Do you suggest who shouldD. Do you suggest whom shouldA找出主句，確定主句中短少的成分是主語，主語從句用陳說語序練習練習38. _ in the regulations that you should not tell other people the password of your account.05上海 A. Wha

17、t is required B. What requires C. It is required D. It requiresC確定是that引導從句置于句尾，應為it做方式主語，根據答案確定句型：it +be+-ed分詞+that-從句。解題步驟1 1找出主句找出主句2 2確定從句在主句中充任的成分主賓確定從句在主句中充任的成分主賓表同表同3 3根據分句句型、成分缺失等情況確定根據分句句型、成分缺失等情況確定銜接詞銜接詞練習39. _ he referred to in his article was unknown to the general reader.07上海A. That B.

18、What C. Whether D.WhereB找出主句，確定從句充任主句的主語，根據從句確定短少的是從句中to的賓語，選what練習36. It has been proved_eating vegetables in childhood helps to protect you against serious illnesses in later life.08上海A. if B. because C. when D. thatD空格后句子成分完好，缺失的詞不充任任何成分且沒有意義推斷是that引導的主語從句，并由句首it確定是強調句，空格填that練習37. It is immediat

19、ely clear _ the financial crisis will soon be over.09上海A. since B. what C. when D. whetherD確定主句在句尾且意思完好，句首it為方式主語其強調作用，確定是that引導的主語從句強調句式。2 賓語從句賓語從句名詞句用作賓語的從句叫賓語從名詞句用作賓語的從句叫賓語從句。句。 引導賓語從句的關聯(lián)詞與引導主語從引導賓語從句的關聯(lián)詞與引導主語從句表語從句的關聯(lián)詞大致一樣，在句句表語從句的關聯(lián)詞大致一樣，在句中可以作謂語動詞或介詞及非謂語動中可以作謂語動詞或介詞及非謂語動詞的賓語。詞的賓語。賓語從句必需用陳說語序。賓

20、語從句必需用陳說語序。2.1賓語從句的銜接詞1 1從屬連詞從屬連詞 that, if, whetherthat, if, whether2 2銜接代詞銜接代詞who,whom,whose,what,whoever,whomever,who,whom,whose,what,whoever,whomever,whosever,whatever,whicheverwhosever,whatever,whichever等等3 3銜接副詞銜接副詞when,where,why,how,whenever,wherever,when,where,why,how,whenever,wherever,howeve

21、rhowever等等. .thatthat引導的賓語從句引導的賓語從句由銜接詞由銜接詞that引導賓語從句時，引導賓語從句時，that在在句中不擔任任何成分，在口語或非正句中不擔任任何成分，在口語或非正式的文體中常被省去，但如從句是并式的文體中常被省去，但如從句是并列句時列句時,第二個分句前的第二個分句前的that不可省。不可省。 He has told me that he will go to Shanghai tomorrow. 留意點:1.1.在在demand, order, suggest, advise, demand, order, suggest, advise, decide

22、, insist, desire, request, decide, insist, desire, request, commandcommand等表示要求、命令、建議、決議等等表示要求、命令、建議、決議等意義的動詞后，賓語從句常用意義的動詞后，賓語從句常用 “should+ “should+ 動詞原形。動詞原形。 I insist that she (should) do her I insist that she (should) do her work alone. work alone. The commander ordered that troops The commander

23、ordered that troops (should) set off at once. (should) set off at once. 留意點:2.2.但是但是, , 假設假設suggestsuggest作作“闡明、暗示講闡明、暗示講, , insistinsist作作“堅持說、堅持以為講，那么堅持說、堅持以為講，那么其后的賓語從句中應該用陳說語氣。其后的賓語從句中應該用陳說語氣。 The smile on his face suggested that The smile on his face suggested that he had passed the examination

24、. he had passed the examination. I want to know what he has told you. I want to know what he has told you. She always thinks of how she can work She always thinks of how she can work well. well. She will give whoever needs help a She will give whoever needs help a warm support. warm support. whether

25、 whether或或if if引導的賓語句引導的賓語句只需賓語從句可用只需賓語從句可用ifif賓從中出現(xiàn)賓從中出現(xiàn)or notor not必需用必需用whetherwhether主語從句、表語從句、同位語從句只用主語從句、表語從句、同位語從句只用whether. whether. I donI dont know whether he will come or t know whether he will come or not.not.He asked if she would come.He asked if she would come.whetherwhether或或whatwhat介

26、詞后的賓語從句要用介詞后的賓語從句要用whetherwhether和和whatwhat。thatthat只在只在except, but, besidesexcept, but, besides等之后才等之后才引導介詞賓語從句引導介詞賓語從句I donI dont care about whether you have t care about whether you have money or not. money or not. Everything depends on whether we Everything depends on whether we have enough mone

27、y. have enough money. 2.22.2賓語從句中的時態(tài)呼應賓語從句中的時態(tài)呼應 賓語從句的謂語動詞時態(tài)受主句謂語動詞賓語從句的謂語動詞時態(tài)受主句謂語動詞的影響，假設主句的謂語動詞是普通如今的影響，假設主句的謂語動詞是普通如今時從句中的謂語動詞可以用各種時態(tài)；時從句中的謂語動詞可以用各種時態(tài)； I know that he studies English every I know that he studies English every day. day. I know that he studied English last I know that he studied E

28、nglish last term. term. We all know that he has studied We all know that he has studied English since 2019. English since 2019. 銜接代詞銜接代詞whoeverwhoever，whateverwhatever，whicheverwhichever銜接代詞銜接代詞whoeverwhoever，whateverwhatever，whicheverwhichever可引導名詞性從句，相當于可引導名詞性從句，相當于anyone who, anyone who, anything

29、 thatanything that等。它們也可以引導退讓狀等。它們也可以引導退讓狀語從句，相當于語從句，相當于 no matter who/ what/ no matter who/ what/ whichwhich。 Whoever breaks the law should be Whoever breaks the law should be punished. punished. No matter who breaks the law should No matter who breaks the law should be punished. be punished. 時態(tài)呼應時

30、態(tài)呼應假設主句中的謂語動詞用了普經過去時，假設主句中的謂語動詞用了普經過去時，那么從句中的語動只能用過去時的某種方那么從句中的語動只能用過去時的某種方式，如普經過去時，過去進展時，過去未式，如普經過去時，過去進展時，過去未來時等；來時等； We believed that he had earned enough We believed that he had earned enough money to build a house. money to build a house. The teacher told us that Tom had left The teacher told u

31、s that Tom had left us for Americaus for America 時態(tài)呼應時態(tài)呼應當從句表示的是客觀真理，科學原理，自當從句表示的是客觀真理，科學原理，自然景象，那么從句仍用如今時態(tài)。然景象，那么從句仍用如今時態(tài)。 The teacher told us that the sun The teacher told us that the sun rises in the east.rises in the east.2.32.3否認詞的轉移否認詞的轉移當主句是當主句是I/ We think (suppose, expect, I/ We think (suppo

32、se, expect, believe, guess, imagine) believe, guess, imagine) 時，其后的賓時，其后的賓語從句假設能否認方式，常把否認詞語從句假設能否認方式，常把否認詞notnot從從從句中轉移到主句中成為否認的轉移。從句中轉移到主句中成為否認的轉移。We donWe dont believe that he will win the t believe that he will win the game. game. I donI dont think he will do so. t think he will do so. doubt/ be

33、suredoubt/ be suredoubtdoubt用于一定構造時，后面用用于一定構造時，后面用whether/ whether/ if if 引導名詞性從句；用于否認構造或疑問引導名詞性從句；用于否認構造或疑問構造時，后面用構造時，后面用 that that 引導名詞性從句。引導名詞性從句。be sure be sure 用于一定句或疑問句時，后接用于一定句或疑問句時，后接 that that 引導的名詞性從句；用于否認句時，引導的名詞性從句；用于否認句時，后接后接whether/if whether/if 引導的名詞性從句。引導的名詞性從句。 I doubt whether/if he

34、 will come.I doubt whether/if he will come.I dont doubt that he will come.I dont doubt that he will come.總結：總結：1賓語從句必需用陳說語序。 2有時候可以用it 作方式賓語，而把真正的賓語從句放在后面。3帶有賓語從句的復合句的否認方式普通能否認主句。4主句普經過去時態(tài)，從句要用相應的過去時態(tài)。練習39. He spoke proudly of his part in the game, without mentioning _his teammates had done.06上海A. w

35、hat B. which C. whyD. whileA 找出主語，確定從句與主句主語在邏輯上是主賓構造，明確從句中短少done的賓語，選擇A解題步驟1 1找出主句找出主句2 2確定從句在主句中充任的成分主賓表同確定從句在主句中充任的成分主賓表同3 3根據分句句型、成分缺失等情況確定銜接根據分句句型、成分缺失等情況確定銜接詞詞40It is pretty well understood _ controls the flow of carbon dioxide in and out the atmosphere today .03上海Athat Bwhen Cwhat Dhow C 確定主句，

36、確定從句做主句謂語understood的賓語從句，確定賓語從句短少主語，what本身可充任主語且有意義。34. As his best friend. I can make accurate guesses about_he will do or think.08上海A. what B. which C. whom D. thatA.確定主句，確定從句做about的賓語，賓語從句中短少成分是do or think的賓語，答案是what3 3表語從句表語從句表語是用來闡明主語的表語是用來闡明主語的身份、性質、品性、特身份、性質、品性、特征和形狀的，表語常由征和形狀的，表語常由名詞、描畫詞、副詞、

37、名詞、描畫詞、副詞、介詞短語、不定式、動介詞短語、不定式、動詞的詞的-ing-ing、從句來充任，、從句來充任，它常位于系動詞它常位于系動詞be, be, become, appear, become, appear, seem,look,sound,feel,geseem,look,sound,feel,get,smellt,smell等詞之后。等詞之后。表語從句表語從句: :在整個句子中充任表語。在整個句子中充任表語。其根本構造為：其根本構造為： 主語主語 + + 系動詞系動詞 + + 表語從句表語從句 表語從句位于連系動詞后，有時用表語從句位于連系動詞后，有時用as if, as if,

38、 because because 引導，引導表語從句的關聯(lián)詞與引導，引導表語從句的關聯(lián)詞與引導主語從句的關聯(lián)詞大致一樣。引導主語從句的關聯(lián)詞大致一樣。聯(lián)絡詞聯(lián)絡詞that, what, who, when, where, that, what, who, when, where, which, why,whether,how.whoeverwhich, why,whether,how.whoever，whomeverwhomever，whichever whichever ，whateverwhatever等等3.1that3.1that引導表語從句引導表語從句thatthat引導主語從句無任

39、何意義，不充任任引導主語從句無任何意義，不充任任何句子成分，通常不省略。何句子成分，通常不省略。1.1.表示現(xiàn)實、真理等的實踐內容表示現(xiàn)實、真理等的實踐內容The fact is that he is lying.The fact is that he is lying.2. 2. 表示某人的意見、信心等的實踐內容。表示某人的意見、信心等的實踐內容。Our belief is that we are short of Our belief is that we are short of money.money.留意：當主語是留意：當主語是reason reason 時，表語時，表語從句要用從句

40、要用thatthat引導而不是引導而不是becausebecause。 This is because he missed the train This is because he missed the train by one minute.by one minute.The reason why he was late was that The reason why he was late was that he missed the train by one minute he missed the train by one minute this morning. this morni

41、ng. 3.2whether3.2whether引導表語從句此時引導表語從句此時不可用不可用if if替代替代whetherwhetherThe question is whether people will The question is whether people will buy it.buy it.It was uncertain whether he would It was uncertain whether he would e.3.33.3銜接詞銜接詞銜接詞有：銜接詞有：thatthat無任何意義，不無任何意義，不充任任何句子成分充任任何句子成分, what, who, ,

42、what, who, when, where, which, why, when, where, which, why, whether, howwhether, how，whoeverwhoever，whomeverwhomever，whichever whichever ，whateverwhatever含單詞本身意思，充任句子成分含單詞本身意思，充任句子成分等等留意：留意：1 1表語從句一定要用陳說語序。表語從句一定要用陳說語序。2 2不可以用不可以用ifif，而用，而用whether whether 銜接表語銜接表語從句從句(as if (as if 例外。例外。3 3不像賓語從句，在

43、有表語從句的復合不像賓語從句，在有表語從句的復合句中，主句時態(tài)和從句時態(tài)可以不一句中，主句時態(tài)和從句時態(tài)可以不一致。致。4 that4 that在表語從句中不可以省掉。在表語從句中不可以省掉。練習練習35. One advantage of playing the guitar is _it can give you a great deal of pleasure.06上海A. how B. why C. that D. whenC找出主句，確定從句做主句的表語，從句意思及成分完好，所以確定選that ，無任何意義不充任句子成分，用來闡明主句的內容。解題步驟解題步驟1 1找出主句找出主句2

44、2確定從句在主句中充任的成分主賓表同確定從句在主句中充任的成分主賓表同3 3根據分句句型、成分缺失等情況確定銜接根據分句句型、成分缺失等情況確定銜接詞詞40. The traditional view is _ we sleep because our brain is “programmed to make us do so. 07上海A. when B. whyC. whetherD. thatD找出主句，確定從句做主句的表語，從句意思及成分完好，所以確定選that ，無任何意義不充任句子成分,用來闡明主句的內容。練習練習40 Perseverance is a kind of quali

45、ty and thats _ it takes to do anything well.02上海A. whatB. thatC. which D. whyA找到主句，從句在is后做表語，從句中短少take的賓語，確定what做take的賓語引導表語從句。4 4同位語從句同位語從句同位語同位語一個名詞一個名詞( (或其它方式或其它方式) )對另一個名詞或代詞對另一個名詞或代詞進展修飾，限定或闡明，這個名詞進展修飾，限定或闡明，這個名詞( (或其或其它方式它方式) )就是同位語。同位語與被它限定就是同位語。同位語與被它限定的詞的格要一致，并經常緊挨在一同。的詞的格要一致，并經常緊挨在一同。同位語從

46、句同位語從句同位語從句普通跟在某些表示籠統(tǒng)概同位語從句普通跟在某些表示籠統(tǒng)概念念 的名詞后的名詞后, ,如如 idea idea，planplan，factfact，theorytheory，promisepromise，hopehope，newsnews，doubtdoubt，truthtruth，informationinformation，suggestionsuggestion，questionquestion， thought thought，beliefbelief，conclusionconclusion等，用來闡明名等，用來闡明名詞所表示的詳細內容。詞所表示的詳細內容。4.14

47、.1引導同位語從句的銜接詞引導同位語從句的銜接詞銜接詞有銜接詞有that, whetherthat, whether銜接副詞銜接副詞when, where, why, howwhen, where, why, how銜接代詞銜接代詞whowho，whatwhat，whosewhose，whichwhich I have no idea when she will be I have no idea when she will be back. back. 注：注：that:that:引導同位語從句的引導同位語從句的thatthat不能省略不能省略Whether:Whether:連詞連詞whet

48、herwhether引導同位語從句引導同位語從句,if,if不能引導同位語從句不能引導同位語從句同位語從句和定語從句的區(qū)別：同位語從句和定語從句的區(qū)別：thatthat作為關系代詞，可以引導定語從作為關系代詞，可以引導定語從句，充任句子成分，在從句中作賓語句，充任句子成分，在從句中作賓語時可以省略；時可以省略； thatthat引導同位語從句時，起連詞的作引導同位語從句時，起連詞的作用，沒有實踐意義，不充任句子成分，用，沒有實踐意義，不充任句子成分，普通不能省略。普通不能省略。例例I had no idea that you were here.I had no idea that you w

49、ere here.(that(that引導同位語從句引導同位語從句, ,不能省略不能省略Have you got the ideaHave you got the ideathatthatthis this book gives you of life in ancient book gives you of life in ancient GreeceGreece？(that(that引導定語從句，作賓語，可以省略引導定語從句，作賓語，可以省略總結：總結：1.1.同位語從句引導詞無意義，不充任成分，同位語從句引導詞無意義，不充任成分，不可省略。不可省略。2.2.同位語從句與其所闡明的名詞或代詞應同位語從句與其所闡明的名詞或代詞應為同一內容。為同一內容。3.3.同位語從句前普通沒有逗號。同位語從句前普通沒有逗號。練習練習44There is a new