建筑史中英文對(duì)照

1、建筑史中英文對(duì)建史名詞中英文對(duì)照：中國(guó)古代建筑及構(gòu)造 宮palace, temple殿hall廳hall又稱“堂”室room房house亭pavilion臺(tái)platform壇altar樓storied building閣pavilion廊colonnade榭pavilion on terrace水榭waterside pavilion資料word軒windowed veranda民居folk house四合院courtyard house寨stockaded village舫boat house闕que, watchtower牌樓pailou, decorated gateway華農(nóng)huabi

2、ao, ornamental pillar塔pagoda硬山flush gable roof懸山overhanging gable roof歇山gable and hip roof庇殿hip roof四阿hip roof卷棚資料wordround ridge roof重檐double eave roof攢尖pyramided roof園攢尖round pavilion roof大木wooden structure大式wooden frame with dougong小式wooden frame without dougong大木作carpentry work小木作joinery work抬梁式

3、構(gòu)架post and lintel construction穿斗式構(gòu)架column and tie construction井干式構(gòu)架log cabin construction檐柱eave column金柱hypostyle column內(nèi)槽柱hypostyle column 唐代術(shù)語 資料word內(nèi)柱hypostyle column宋代術(shù)語山柱center column角柱corner column唐、宋術(shù)語瓜柱short column脊瓜柱king post蜀柱king post宋代術(shù)語雷公柱suspended column帳桿suspended column宋代術(shù)語側(cè)腳cejiao宋代

4、術(shù)語卷殺entasis梭柱shuttle-shaped column宋代術(shù)語資料word角背bracket由鍛inverted V-shaped brace叉手chashou, inverted V-shaped brace宋代術(shù)語柚墩wooden pier駝峰tuofeng, camel-hump shaped suport宋代術(shù)語梁beam袱beam宋代術(shù)語月梁crescent beam三架梁3- purlin beam平梁3- purlin beam宋代術(shù)語四架梁4- purlin beam資料word五架梁5- purlin beam四椽袱5- purlin beam宋代術(shù)語六架梁6-

5、 purlin beam七架梁7- purlin beam六椽袱7-purlin beam宋代術(shù)語九架梁9-purlin beam八椽袱9-purlin beam宋代術(shù)語單步梁one-step cross beam雙步梁two-step cross beam挑尖梁main aisle exposed tiebeam乳袱rufu, beam tie宋代術(shù)語資料v/ord抱頭梁baotou beam穿插林penetrating tie角梁hip rafer(木行)purlin (used with dougong)人式purlin （used without dougong）小式拽purlin宋代

6、術(shù)語脊（木行）ridged purlin大式ridged purlin小式脊拽ridged purlin宋代術(shù)語金（木行）intermediate purlin大式資料word金橡intermediate purlin小式上中平拽 intermediate purlin 宋代術(shù)語老檐（木行）purlin on hypostyle大、小式，宋代術(shù)語正心(木行)eave purlin大式檐楝eave purlin小式下平拽eave purlin宋代術(shù)語額柿architrave(used with dougong)大式檐檢architrave(used with dougong)小式闌額archit

7、rave宋代術(shù)語由額墊板cushion board大式檐墊板cushion board小式資料wordtiebeam ridge tiebeam上金柿upper purlin tiebeam下金柿lower purlin tiebeam老檐松eave tiebeam大式，指檐口構(gòu)造檐柿eave tiebeam小式，指檐口構(gòu)造頂椽top rafter腦椽upper rafter花架椽intermediate rafter檐椽eave rafter飛檐椽flying rafter資料word飛子flying rafter宋代術(shù)語連檐eave edging瓦口tile edging頷版tile ed

8、ging宋代術(shù)語舉架raising the purlin舉析raising the purlin宋代術(shù)語步架horizontal spacing between purlins材cai梨Qi分fen斗口doukou, mortise of cap block資料word斗拱dougong, bracket set斗dou, bracket set升block with cross mortise大斗cap block薩斗cap block宋代術(shù)語拱gong,bracketarm翹flower arm, petal華拱flower arm宋代術(shù)語昂ang, lever槽升子center bloc

9、k齊心斗center block宋代術(shù)語資料word三才升small block十八斗connection block交互斗connection block宋代術(shù)語正心拱axial bracket arm泥道拱axial bracket arm宋代術(shù)語瓜拱oval arm瓜了拱oval arm宋代術(shù)語萬拱l(fā)ong arm慢拱l(fā)ong arm宋代術(shù)語廂拱regular arm 令拱 regular arm 宋代術(shù)語資料word單材拱outer-side bracket arm撐頭small tie-beamsmall tie-beam宋代術(shù)語耍頭nose攢set of bracket柱頭科bra

10、cket set on columns柱頭鋪?zhàn)鱞racket set on columns宋代術(shù)語平身科bracket sets between columns補(bǔ)間鋪?zhàn)鱞racket sets between columns宋代術(shù)語角科bracket set on corner轉(zhuǎn)角鋪?zhàn)鱞racket set on corner宋代術(shù)語資料word出extension of bracket出跳extension of bracket宋代術(shù)語cai跳tiao宋代術(shù)語雀替sparrow brace搏縫板gable eave board搏縫版gable eave board宋代術(shù)語木裝修joiner&

11、amp;T?39; s work外檐裝修exterior finish work內(nèi)檐裝修interior finish work資料word框檻door frame檻stud抱框jamb on door or window格柵partition door抹頭window stool根子grill裙板panel檻窗sill wall window榻板window sill支摘窗removable window門枕door bearing門簪資料worddecorative cylinder門跋door knocker門釘decorative nails on door leaf門枕石bearin

12、g stone抱鼓石drum-shaped bearing stone夭花ceiling帽兒梁lattice framing支條lattice framing井口天花compartment ceiling海壩天花flat ceiling藻井caisson ceiling罩shelf龕niche博古架antique shelf資料word瓦石作masonry檐墻eave wall廊墻partition wall扇面墻horizontal partition wall隔斷墻vertical partition wall檻墻sill wall樨頭gable wall head挑檐石cantileve

13、r stone on eave五花山墻stepped gable wall拔諫corbel, hanging over疊澀corbel, hanging over宋代術(shù)語資料v/ord角柱石corner pier階條石rectangular stone slab壓闌石rectangular stone slab宋代術(shù)語臺(tái)階steps踏道steps宋代術(shù)語踏垛step踏step宋代術(shù)語斗板石intermediate pier垂帶drooping belt stone副子drooping belt stone宋代術(shù)語象眼triangular space資料word御路yulu, imperial

14、path羌差ramp須彌座xumizuo圭角guijiao上檢upper fillet and fascia下柿lower fillet and fascia上裊upper cyrn, recta下裊lower cyma, reversa束腰suyao鉤欄balustrade宋代術(shù)語單鉤欄single frieze balustrade宋代術(shù)語資料word垂臺(tái)鉤欄double frieze balustrade望柱baluster望柱頭baluster capital欄版frieze panel華版frieze panel地伏plinth stone尋杖handrail宋代術(shù)語柱頂石capit

15、al stone柱礎(chǔ)column base蹶zhi碑碣stone tablet資料wordbixi, stone turtle宋及宋前術(shù)語趺fu, stone turtle清代術(shù)語石像生stone animal石人stone human statue筒瓦round tile板瓦flat tile青瓦black tile脊瓦ridge tile琉璃瓦glazed roof tile勾頭eave tile滴水drip tile瓦當(dāng)資料wordtile end, eave tile with pattern正吻zhengwen鶻尾chiwei宋及宋前術(shù)語正脊main ridge垂脊diagonal

16、ridge for hip roof, vertical ridge for gable roof diagonal ridge for gable and hip roof博脊horizontal ridge for gable and hip roof仙人celestial being走魯animal磚雕brick carving彩 iiai資料wordcolored pattern, colored drawing蘇式彩畫Suzhou style pattern旋子彩畫tangent circle pattern和璽彩湎dragons pattern天花彩畫ceiling pattern

17、箍頭end portion of painted beam藻頭intermediate portion of painted beam桁心central portion of painted beam點(diǎn)金gold pointing退暈color change瀝粉embossed painting貼金資料wordgold foil painting建史名詞中英文對(duì)照：外國(guó)古代建筑及構(gòu)造 金字塔pyramid方尖碑obelisk牌門樓pylon蓮花式柱lotus column紙草花式柱papyrus column棕柯葉式柱palm column塔廟ziggurat列柱圍廊式peristyle山花p

18、ediment多立克柱式Doric order伊奧尼亞柱式資料wordIonic order曾用名“愛奧尼亞柱式”。科林斯柱式Corinthian order檐口cornice檐部entablature檐壁frieze額柿architrave柱頭capital柱身column shaft槽溝flute圓底線腳torus柱基plinth臺(tái)基資料wordstylobate輸水道aqueduct萬神廟pantheon凱旋門triumphal arch角斗場(chǎng)colosseum廣場(chǎng)forum托斯卡柱式Tuscan order門廊potch,portico小穹頂cupola平嵌線reglet主穹頂main

19、 dome半穹頂semi dome帆拱pendentive資料word會(huì)堂basilica中廳central nave側(cè)廊aisle半圓形壁龕apse袖廊transept柱廊colonnade神壇altar拱廊atcade壁上拱廊blind arcade塔樓turret玫瑰窗rose window扶壁buttress尖頂pinnacle滴水魯gargoyle頂端飾finial資料word花色窗根tracery四葉飾quatrefoil五葉飾cinquefoil府邸mansion, palazzo鼓座drum釆光塔lantern小側(cè)窗bulleye window渦卷裝飾cartouche宣禮塔m

20、inaret圣龕mihrab, prayer niche講壇mimbar, pulpit拱式vault type筒拱barrel vault棱拱groin vault肋骨拱資料v/ordrib bed vault星形拱stellar vault網(wǎng)狀拱reticulated vault扇形拱fan vault倒槽式拱trough vault鐘乳拱stalactite vault券式arch type半圓券semicircular arch尖券pointed arch弧形券segmental arch蔥花券ogee arch馬蹄券horseshoe arch交角券squinch穹式dome typ

21、e資料word半球形穹頂semespherical dome蔥花穹頂ogee dome方穹頂square dome阿拉伯花飾arabeque阿拉伯式柱頭Arabian capital建史名詞中英文對(duì)照：園林史中國(guó)古典園林classical Chinese garden中國(guó)傳統(tǒng)園林traditional Chinese garden中國(guó)古代園林ancient Chinese garden中國(guó)山水園Chinese mountain and water garden帝王宮苑imperial palace garden皇家園林royal garden私家園林private garden資料word江南

22、園林garden on the Yangtze Delta西方古典園林western classical garden英國(guó)式園林English style garden中英混合式園林Anglo-Chinese style garden意大利式園林Italian style garden西班牙式園林Spainish style garden法蘭西式園林French style garden勒諾特爾式園林Le Notre's style garden文藝復(fù)興莊園Renaissance style garden洛可可式園林Rococo style garden巴洛克式園林Baroqu

23、e style garden資料word莊園manor, villa garden廊柱園peristyle garden, patio綠廊xystus迷陣maze, labyrinth靈囿Ling You Hunting Garden周代術(shù)語靈沼Ling Zhao Water Garden周代術(shù)語靈臺(tái)Ling Tai Platform Garden周代術(shù)語阿房宮E-Pang Palace秦代術(shù)語上林苑Shang-Lin Yuan漢代術(shù)語未央宮Wei-Yang Palace漢代術(shù)語洛陽宮Luoyang Palace魏代術(shù)語華清宮Hua-Qing Palace資料word唐代術(shù)語艮岳Gen Yue

24、 Imperial Garden宋代術(shù)語圓明園Yuan-Ming Yuan Imperial Garden頤和園Yi-HE Yuan Imperial Garden承德避暑山莊Chengde Imperial Summer Resort蘇州園林Suzhou traditional garden懸園Hanging Garden又稱“懸空?qǐng)@”，“架高園”。英國(guó)皇家植物園Royal Botanical Garden, Kew garden又稱“邱園”。凡爾賽宮苑Versailles Palace Park楓丹白露宮園Fontainebleau Palace Garden景view, scenery,

25、 feature遠(yuǎn)景distant view資料word近景nearby view障景obstructive scenery, blocking view又稱“抑景”。借景borrowed scenery, view borrowing對(duì)景oppositive scenery,view in opposite place縮景miniature scenery, abbreviated scenery漏景l(fā)eaking through scenery框景enframed scenery尾景terminal feature主景main feature副景secondary feature配景objective view資料word夾景vista line, vista又稱“風(fēng)景線”前景front view背景background景序order of sceneries景點(diǎn)feature s