專四-虛擬語氣練習(xí)及小結(jié)

1、虛擬語氣一、條件句中的虛擬語氣1. 條件句中虛擬語氣的形式從句中提出一種與客觀現(xiàn)實不相符或根本不可能存在的條件，主句會產(chǎn)生的一種不可能獲得的結(jié)果。條件句中的虛擬語氣 根據(jù)不同的時間有三種不同的形式。時間從句謂語形式主句謂語形式動詞過去式 (be 用 were)將來should +動詞原形would / should / might / could +動詞原形were to +動詞原形現(xiàn)在動詞過去式 (be 用 were)would / should / might / could +動詞原形過去had + 動詞過去分詞would / should / might / could have +動

2、詞過去分詞2. 中的虛擬語氣的舉例(1) 將來時的條件句中的 虛擬語氣 。如：If heshould go to Qing Hua University, hewould make full use of his time.如果他要上清華大學(xué)的話，他就會充分利用他的時間了。If hewere to comehere, he would tellus about it.如果他要來的話，他會通知我們一聲。(2)現(xiàn)在時的條件句中的虛擬語氣。如：If hewere free, hewould helpus. 要是他有空的話，它會幫助我們的。If hestudied at this school, he

3、would know you well.如果他在這所學(xué)校學(xué)習(xí)的話，它會對你很熟悉。(3) 過去時的條件句中的 虛擬語氣 。如：If Ihad seen the film, Iwould have toldyou about it.我如果看過這場電影，我會把電影內(nèi)容告訴你了。If Ihad gotthere earlier, Iwould have metMr. Li.如果我早點到那兒，我就會會到了李先生。3.運用條件句中的虛擬語氣時，須注意的幾個問題(1)當(dāng)從句的主語為第三人稱單數(shù)時，謂語動詞若是系動詞be 時，可用 was 代替 were。但在倒裝虛擬結(jié)構(gòu)及if Iwere you, as

4、it were中，只能用were 。如：Were I ten years younger, I would study abroad.要是我還年輕十歲的話，我會去國外學(xué)習(xí)。If I were you, I would try my best to grasp the chance.要是我是你的話，我要盡力抓住這次機會。(2) 有時，虛擬條件句中，主、從句的動作若不是同時發(fā)生時，須區(qū)別對待。從句的動作與過去事實相反，而主句的動作與現(xiàn)在或現(xiàn)在正在發(fā)生的事實不符。如：If I had worked hard at school, I would be an engineer, too.如果我在學(xué)校學(xué)

5、習(xí)刻苦的話，我現(xiàn)在也會使工程師了If they had informed us, we would not come here now.如果他們通知過我們的話，我們現(xiàn)在就不會來這里了。從句的動作與現(xiàn)在事實相反，而主句的動作與過去事實不符。如：If he were free today, we would have sent him to Beijing.如果他今天有空的話，我們會已經(jīng)派他去北京了(from。If he knew her, he would have greeted her.要是他認(rèn)識她的話，他肯定會去問候她了。從句的動作與過去發(fā)生的情況相反，而主句的動作與現(xiàn)在正在發(fā)生的情況相反

6、。如：If it had not been raining too much, the crops would be growing much better.如果天不下太多的雨的話，莊家會長得更好。If he had been working hard, he would be working in the office now.要是他工作一直努力的話，他現(xiàn)在已進了辦公室了。(3)當(dāng)虛擬條件句的謂語動詞含有were, should,had 時， if可省略，而將were, should,had 等詞置于句首。如：Should he agree to go there, we would sen

7、d him there.要是他答應(yīng)去的話，我們就派他去。Were she here, she would agree with us.如果她在這兒的話，她會同意我們的。Had he learnt about computers, we would have hired him to work here.如果她懂一些電腦知識的話，我們會已經(jīng)聘用他來這里工作了(from。(4) 有時，句子沒有直接給出假設(shè)情況的條件，而須通過上下文或其他方式來判斷。如：I would have come to see you, but I was too busy.我本該來看你了，然而我太忙了。But for hi

8、s help, we would be working now.要不是他的幫助，我們還會在工作呢。Without your instruction, I would not have made such great progress.要是沒有你的指導(dǎo)，我不會取得如此大的進步。(5) 有時，虛擬條件句中，主、從句可以省略其中的一個，來表示說話人的一種強烈的感情。省略從句He would have finished it.他本該完成了。You could have passed this exam.你應(yīng)該會通過這次考試了。省略主句If I were at home now.要是我現(xiàn)在在家里該多好啊

9、。If only I had got it.要是我得到它了該多好啊。二、其他狀語從句的虛擬語氣1. 目的狀語從句中的虛擬語氣(1)在 for fear that, in case, lest引導(dǎo)的目的狀語從句中，若用虛擬語氣 時，從句謂語為： should + 動詞原形。并且 should不能省略She examined the door again for fear that a thief should come in.她又把門檢查了一遍，以防盜賊的進入。He started out earlier lest he should be late.他很早就出發(fā)了以防遲到。(2)在 so th

10、at, in order that所引導(dǎo)的目的狀語從句中，從句中的謂語為：can / may / could / might / will/ would / should +動詞原形。如 (from ：He goes closer to the speaker so that he can hear him clearer.他走近說話的人以便能挺得更清楚。He read the letter carefully in order that he should not miss a word.他把信讀得很仔細(xì)以便不漏掉一個單詞。2.讓步狀語從句中的虛擬語氣(1)在 even if, even t

11、hough所引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句中，可用虛擬語氣，主句、從句的結(jié)構(gòu)與if 所引導(dǎo)的條件從句結(jié)構(gòu)相同。如：Even if he were here himself, he should not know what to do.即使他親自來也不知該怎么辦。Nobody could save him even though Hua Tuo should come here.即使華佗在世也救不了他。(2)在 whatever ， whichever， whenever ， whoever, wherever， however, no matter wh-word等引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句中，從句虛擬語氣結(jié)構(gòu)為

12、：使用 MAY may + 動詞原形 ( 指現(xiàn)在或?qū)?) 。如：We will finish it on time no matter what / whatever may happen.不管發(fā)生什么事，我們都要按時完成。We will find him wherever / no matter where he may be.無論他在哪里，我們都要找到他。I will wait for him no matter how late he may come.不管他來的多么晚，我都會等他。 may + 完成式 ( 指過去 )，主句結(jié)構(gòu)不限。如：You mustnt be proud what

13、ever / no matter what great progress you may have made.的進步，你也不能驕傲(from。We must respect him no matter what / whatever mistakes he may have made.不管你取得了多么大不管他翻過什么錯誤，我們必須尊敬他。(3) 在 though, although 等引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句中，從句虛擬語氣結(jié)構(gòu)為should +動詞原形，主句結(jié)構(gòu)不限 。如：Although / Though he should often be late, he is a good student

14、.盡管他經(jīng)常遲到，他還是個好學(xué)生。Although / Though he should be secretary, he must obey the rules.盡管他是書記，他也必須遵守規(guī)定。3. 方式狀語從句中的虛擬語氣as if, as though引導(dǎo)的方式狀語從句常用虛擬語氣。虛擬語氣的結(jié)構(gòu)為：表示所發(fā)生的時間虛擬語氣 結(jié)構(gòu)發(fā)生在主句動作之前had + 過去分詞與主句動作同時發(fā)生過去時 (be 用 were )發(fā)生在主句動作之后would / could / might / should+原形動詞例如：They began to talk warmly as if they had

15、 known each other for long.他們開始熱烈的談?wù)撈饋砭秃孟袼麄円严嗷フJ(rèn)識很久了。He coughed twice as if someone should come.他咳嗽兩聲就好像有人要來了。4. 原因狀語從句中的虛擬語氣amazed, angry, annoyed, astonished, disappointed, frightened, happy, pleased, proud, sorry, surprised,upset 等后面的狀語從句中常用虛擬語氣。其虛擬語氣的結(jié)構(gòu)為： should +原形動詞 ( 指現(xiàn)在或?qū)? 。如：He was angry th

16、at you should call him by name.他很生氣，你竟然對他直呼其名。I was astonished that he should not answer such an easy question.我很驚訝他竟答不出如此簡單的問題。 should +完成式 ,指過去。如：I m very sorry that you should have failed the exam.我很遺憾，你這次考試竟然失敗了。I was very surprised that Father should have known what I did yesterday.我很吃驚，父親竟指導(dǎo)我昨

17、天所作的事情 (from。三、賓語從句中的虛擬語氣1英語中， 如：advise,ask, demand, desire,decide,insist(堅決要求 ) , order,propose,request,suggest(建議)表示請求、 要求、命令或建議等意義的動詞所接的賓語從句一般用虛擬語氣，其 虛擬語氣 的結(jié)構(gòu)為： (should)+ 原形動詞。如：The teacher advised that we should make good use of every minute here.老師勸我們要好好地利用在這兒的每一分鐘。The Party asked that we shoul

18、d serve the people with our heart and soul.黨要求我們要全心全意地為人民服務(wù)。但是，當(dāng)insist的意思為：堅決認(rèn)為，堅持說；suggest的意思為：表明，暗含，暗示等時，賓語從句一般不用虛擬語氣。如：Tom insisted that he hadnt stolen the watch.湯姆堅持說他沒有偷那塊手表。His smile suggested that he had succeeded in this exam.他的微笑表明他在考試中成功了。2. believe, expect, suspect, think, imagine等動詞的否定句

19、或疑問句中的賓語從句常用虛擬語氣。其虛擬語氣的結(jié)構(gòu)為：should +原形動詞。如：Can you believe that he should kill a tiger?你能相信他竟殺死了一只老虎？Can you imagine that he should take the first place in the long jump contest?你能想象得到他在跳遠(yuǎn)比賽中竟獲得了第一名？3. 英語中， wish 之后的賓語從句，表示一種沒有實現(xiàn)或根本不可能實現(xiàn)的愿望，常用虛擬語氣。其虛擬語氣的結(jié)構(gòu)為 (from ：表示所發(fā)生的時間虛擬語氣 結(jié)構(gòu)發(fā)生在主句動作之前(1)had + 過去分詞

20、；(2)would / could / might / should + have +過去分詞與主句動作同時發(fā)生過去時 (be 用 were )發(fā)生在主句動作之后would / could / might / should +原形動詞例如：I wish I learnt English well.我希望我已學(xué)好了英語。I wish I had been there with them last week.我希望上周跟他們一起在那兒。He wishes we could go and play games with him.他希望我們能去跟他做游戲。4. 英語中， would rather, h

21、ad rather, would sooner等之后的賓語從句常表示與客觀事實不相符的一種愿望，故使用虛擬語氣。其虛擬語氣的結(jié)構(gòu)為：表示所發(fā)生的時間虛擬語氣 結(jié)構(gòu)過去had +過去分詞；現(xiàn)在過去時 (be 用 were )將來過去時 (be 用 were )例如：I d rather you had seen thefilm yesterday.我倒想你昨天看過了這場電影。I d rather you were here now.我倒想你現(xiàn)在在這兒。Wed rather you went here tomorrow.我么倒想你明天去那兒。四、主語從句中的虛擬語氣在表達驚異、惋惜、遺憾、理應(yīng)如此

22、等意義的主語從句中常使用虛擬語氣，其虛擬語其的結(jié)構(gòu)為：should + 動詞原形，主句中的謂語動詞形式不限。句型：(1)Itis admirable / dreadful/extraordinary/ odd /remarkable / sad / advisable/ annoying /disappointing / surprising / upsetting / frightening / better / best / curious / desirable / important/ strange / peculiar / proper / necessary / naturalt

23、hat(2)It is a pity / a shame / no wonder. that(3)It is suggested / requested / desired / proposed /. that(4)It worries me that如：It is important that we should do well in our lessons first.我們先把功課學(xué)好很重要。It is strange that he should not come.很奇怪，他竟沒有來。It is a pity that we should not meet last night.真遺憾我

24、們昨天晚上沒有見過面。It worries me that we should be blamed for that.我們竟要受責(zé)備真讓人煩惱。五、表語從句及同位語從句中虛擬語氣英語中，表示請求、要求、命令、建議等名詞 advice, desire,decision, idea,instruction,order, plan, proposal,recommendation, request, requirement, suggestion, wish充當(dāng)句子的主語而后面接表語從句或它們后面接同位語時，表語從表面上看幾屗及同位語從句都須用虛擬語氣。其虛擬語氣的結(jié)構(gòu)為：(should) +動詞原

25、形。如：We followed his advice that we should ask our teacher for help.我們接受了他的建議：我們應(yīng)該請求老師的幫助 (from 。He told us his idea that he should go to university.他告訴了我們他的想法：他想上大學(xué)。His suggestion is that we should do our work more carefully.他的建議就是我們的工作要更細(xì)心些。Their plan is that they should build a new factory in thei

26、r hometown.他們的計劃就是在家鄉(xiāng)建一座新工廠。六、定語從句中的虛擬語氣英語中，表示：“早該做某事了”時，定語從句中的謂語動詞須用虛擬語氣，其虛擬語氣的結(jié)構(gòu)為：It is (high /about) time that +主語 + 動詞的過去式 / should +動詞原形。如：It is time that I went to pick up my daughter at school.我該去學(xué)校接我的女兒了。It is high time you should go to work.你早該上班了。7.簡單句中的虛擬語氣1.說話時，為了表示客氣、 謙虛、委婉而有禮貌， 言語常使用 虛

27、擬語氣 。其虛擬語氣的結(jié)構(gòu)形式常為：would / could/ might / should +原形動詞。如：Would you mind my shutting the door?我把門關(guān)起來你介意嗎？You should always learn this lesson by heart.你要把這個教訓(xùn)牢記于心。I should agree with you.我應(yīng)該同意你的觀點。2. 表示“祝愿”時，常用“ may + 主語 + 動詞原形 + 其他”。如：May you have a good journey!祝你一路順風(fēng)。May your youth last for ever!祝你青

28、春永駐。3. 表示強烈的“愿望”、“祝愿”時，常用動詞原形。如：4. 習(xí)慣表達中常用的虛擬語氣。(1) 提出請求或邀請。如：Would you like to have a talk with us this evening?Could I use your bike now?我可以用一下你的單車嗎？今天晚上來跟我們聊天好嗎？(2) 陳述自己的觀點或看法。如：I should glad to meet you.見到你我會很高興。I would try my best to help you.我會盡力幫助你。(3)提出勸告或建議。如：Youd better ask your father fir

29、st.你最好先問一問你的父親。You should make a full investigation of it first.你應(yīng)該先全面調(diào)查一番。( 4)提出問題。如：Do you think he could get here on time?你認(rèn)為他能按時來嗎？Do you expect he would tell us the truth?你期望他會告訴我們真相嗎？(5)表示對過去情況的責(zé)備時，常用虛擬語氣。其虛擬語氣的結(jié)構(gòu)為：“情態(tài)動詞You should have got here earlier.你應(yīng)該早就到這里了。You should have returned it to

30、him.你應(yīng)該把他還給他了。+ have +過去分詞”。如：1.The opening ceremony is a great occasion. It is essential _for that.a. for us to be preparedb. that we are preparedc. of us to be preparedd. our being prepared20032._for the fact that she broke her leg, she might have passed the exam.a. Had it not beenb. Hadnt it been

31、c. Was it notd. Were it not20023.“ What courses are you going to do next semester?”“Idon t know. But its about time _on something.”a.I d decideb. I decided c. I decide d.I m deciding 20024. All of us would have enjoyed the party much more if there _quite such a crowd of people there.a.werentb.hasntb

32、eenc.hadntbeend.wouldn tbe20005. If you have really been studying English for so long, its about time you_able to write letters in English.a. should beb. werec. must bed. are19996. If your car _any attention during the first 12 months, take it to an authorized dealer.a. shall needb. should needc. wo

33、uld needd. will need19987. He left orders that nothing _touched until the police arrived here.a. should beb. ought to bec. must bed. would be19988. I was to have made a speech if_.a. I was not called awayb. nobody would have called me awayc. I had not been called awayd. nobody called me away19979. I

34、 _ thepartymuch more if therehadnt been quite such a crowd of peoplethere.a. would enjoyb.willhave enjoyed c.would have enjoyedd. will be enjoying199610. Wecould_him with a detached house when he came, buthe had specificallyasked for a small flat.a. provideb. have providedc. not provided. not have p

35、rovided199511. _, he would not have recovered so quickly.a. Hadn t he been taken good care ofb. Had he not been taken good careofc. Had not he been taken good care ofd. Had he been not taken good careof199512._ your timelyadvice,Iwould neverhave known how togo aboutthe work.a. Unlessb. But forc. Exc

36、ept ford. Not for199413.It was recommended that passengers _smoke during the flight.a. notb. need not c. could notd. would not199414._you were busy, I wouldnt have bothered you with my questions.a. IfI realized b.Had I realizedc.I realized thatd.As Irealized199415.If only I _play the guitar as well

37、as you!A. wouldB. couldC. shouldD. might16.It s high time we _ cutting downthe rainforests.A. stoppedB. had to stopC. shall stop D. stop17.I am surprised_ this city is a dull place to live in.A. that you should think B. by what you are thinkingC. that you would thinkD. with what you were thinking18.

38、Itis imperativethatthe government _ more investment intothe shipbuildingindustry.A. attractsB. shall attractC. attractD. has to19. If only the patient _ a different treatment instead of using the antibiotics, he might still be alive now.A. had receivedB. receivedC. should receiveD. were receiving20.

39、 Linda was _ the experiment a month ago, but she changed her mind at the last minute.A. to start B. to have started C. to be starting D. to have been starting21. She _ fifty or so when I first met her at the conference.A. must beB. had beenC. could beD. must have been22. He would have finished his c

40、ollege education, but he _to quit and finda job to support his family.A. had hadB. hasC. hadD. would have23. It is absolutely essential that William _ his study in spite of some learning difficulties.A. will continueB. continuedC. continueD. continues24. Had Judy been more careful on the maths exam,

41、 she _ much better results now.A. would be gettingB. could have gotC. must getD. would get25. _ you _ furtherproblems withyour printer,contactyour dealerfor advice.A. If, hadB. Have, hadC. Should, haveD. In case, had高中英語虛擬語氣練習(xí)題二選擇題C1. If only he _quietly as the doctor instructed, he would not suffer

42、 so much now.A. lies B. lay C. had lain D. should lieb2. How I wish every family _a large house with a beautiful garden.A. has B. had C. will have D. had hadd3. You did not let me drive. If we _in turn, you _ so tiredA. drove; didn t get B. drove; wouldnt get C. were driving; wouldnt get D. had driv

43、en ; wouldnt have gotb4. _it rain tomorrow, we would have to put off the visit to the Yangpu BridgeA. Were B. Should C. Would D. Willc5. I suggested the person _ to be put into prisonA. refers B. referring C. referred D. refer6. When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it_A. break

44、s B. has broken C. were broken D. had been broken7. I insisted _to see a doctor, but he insisted nothing _ wrong with him A. on him to go; should be B. he went; be C. he go; was D. he should to; is8. -Your aunt invites you to the movies today-I had rather she _ me tomorrow than todayA. tells B. told

45、 C. would tell D. had told9. -Would you have called her up had it been possible-Yes, but I _busy doing my homework A. was B. were C. had been D. would be10. I was ill that day, otherwise I _ the sports meetA. would have taken part in B. took part in C. had taken part in D. would take part in11._the

46、clouds, you would find the airplane in the sky easilyA. Had it not been forB. If it were not C. If it had not been for D. Were it not for12.If my lawyer _here last Sunday, he _ me from goingA. had been, would have preventedB. had been, would preventC. were, preventD. were, would have prevented13._ha

47、rd, he would have passed the examA. If he were to workB. Had he worked C. Should he work D. Were he to work14._today, he would get there by FridayA. Were he to leaveB. If he had left C. Did he to leaveD. Had he left15.Had you listened to the doctor, you _all right nowA. areB. wereC. would beD. would

48、 have been16.I did not see your sister at the meeting. If she _, she would have met my brotherA. has comeB. did comeC. comeD. had come17.He _busy yesterday, or he _you with your experiment.A. was, had helpedB. was, would have helpedC. had been, would have helpedD. were,would have helped18.If it _for

49、 the snow, we_ the mountain yesterdayA. were not, could have climb B. were not, could climbC. had not been, could have climbedD.hadnt been, could climb19.Without electricity, human life _quite difficult todayA. is B. will beC. would have beenD. would be20.-I am going to tell her the news-I would as soon you _her about itA. didn t tellB. don t tell C. hadnt tellD. wont tell21.Mike s father, as well as his mother, insisted he _homeA. stayedB. could stayC. has