主謂一致語法及考點講解附練習題和詳解

1、語法講解：主謂一致在英語句子里，謂語受主語支配，其動詞必須和主語在人稱和數(shù)上保持一致，這就叫主謂一致。尋其規(guī)律，大致可歸納為三個原則，即 語法一致、邏輯意義一致和 就近一致原則 ?？键c 1：對語法一致原則的考查語法上一致就是謂語動詞和主語在單、復數(shù)形式上保持一致。1. 主語是單數(shù)名詞時， 謂語動詞一般用單數(shù)形式； 主語為復數(shù)時， 謂語動詞用復數(shù)形式。如： His father is working on the farm.Two students are waiting for you in your office.The children were in the classroom two

2、hours ago.考點2 ：對語法附加原則的考查主語為單數(shù)名詞或代詞，盡管后面跟有with ， together with ， except， but， like ， aswell as ， rather than ， more than ， no less than ，besides，including 等引起的短語，謂語動詞仍用單數(shù)形式；若主語為復數(shù)，謂語用復數(shù)形式。如： Mr. Green ， together with his wife and children ， has come to China.Nobody but Jim and Mike was on the playgr

3、ound.Jack as well as his friends is ready to help you.She，like you and Tom ， is very tall.考點 3：對整體原則的考查主語從句、不定式短語、動名詞短語以及表示時間、金錢、距離等量度的詞作主語時，視為整體看待，謂語動詞常用單數(shù)形式。例如： To study English well is not easy.Reading in the sun is bad for your eyes.What he said is very important for us all.Five dollars is enoug

4、h.注意 ：由 what 引導的主語從句，后面的謂語動詞多數(shù)情況用單數(shù)形式，但若表語是復數(shù)或 what 從句是一個帶有復數(shù)意義的并列結(jié)構(gòu)時，主句的謂語動詞用復數(shù)形式。例如： What I bought was a book.What we badly need are good teachers.考點3：對就近一致原則考查在英語句子中，有時謂語動詞的人稱和數(shù)與最近的主語保持一致。1 .當兩個主語由 either , orneither norwhether or not onlybut also 連接時，謂語動詞和鄰近的主語一致。如： Either the teacher or the stu

5、dents are our friends.Neither they nor he is wholly right.Is neither he nor they wholly right ？2. there be句型be動詞單復數(shù)取決于其后的主語。如果其后是由 and連接的兩個主語， 則應與靠近的那個主語保持一致。如： There are two chairs and a desk in the room.There is a pen， five pencils and two books on the desk.考點4 ：邏輯意義一致原則邏輯意義一致就是謂語動詞的數(shù)必須和主語的意義一致（因有

6、時主語形式為單數(shù)，但意義為復數(shù)；有時形式為復數(shù)，但意義為單數(shù)） 。1. what ， who ， which ， any， more ， all 等代詞可以是單數(shù)，也可是復數(shù)，主要靠意思來決定。 如： Which is your bag ？ / Which are your bags？ / All is going well. / All have gone to Beijing. 2. 表示 “時間、重量、長度、價值”等的名詞的復數(shù)作主語時，謂語動詞通常用單數(shù)形式，這是由于作主語的名詞在概念上是一個整體，如： Thirty minutes is enough for the work.3.

7、若英語是書名、片名、格言、劇名、報名、國名等的復數(shù)形式，其謂語動詞通常用單數(shù)形式。如： “ The Arabian Nights ” is an interesting st-obroyok.4. 表數(shù)量的短語 “ one and a hal后接復數(shù)名詞作主語時，其謂語動詞可用單數(shù)形式。如：One and a half apples is left on the table.5. 算式中表示數(shù)目 （字） 的主語通常作單數(shù)看待， 其謂語動詞采用單數(shù)形式。 如： Twelve plus eight is twenty. / Fifty-six divided by eight is seven.

8、6.些學科名詞是以-ics 結(jié)尾，如：mathematics, politics , physics 以及 news, works等，都屬于形式上是復數(shù)的名詞，實際意義為單數(shù)名詞， 它們作主語時，其謂語動詞要用單t easy to study.數(shù)形式。如： The paper works was built in 1990. / I think physics isn7. trousers，glasses，clothes，shoes， 等詞作主語時，謂語用復數(shù)，但如果這些名詞前有 a （ the） pair of 等量詞修飾時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。 如： My glasses are broken

9、. / The pair of shoes under the bed is his.8. 定冠詞“ the + 形容詞或分詞”， 表示某一類人時， 動詞用復數(shù)。 如： The old are happy.9.如果集體名詞指的是整個集體，它的謂語動詞用單數(shù)；如果它指集體的成員，其謂語動詞就用復數(shù)形式。這些詞有family ， class， crowd ， committee ， population ， audience等。如： Class Four is on the third floor. /Class Four are unable to agree upon a monitor.注意

10、：people, police,cattle等名詞一般都用作復數(shù)。如： The police are looking for the lost child考點5：代詞做主語的考查點Each, either, neither 或由 some-, any-, no-, every-構(gòu)成的代詞作主語時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。Neither of them is interested in folk songs. 他們兩人都對民歌不感興趣。Either of the stories is astonishing. 這兩個故事中的任何一個都令人驚訝。Somebody is waiting for you at

11、 the school gate. 有人在學校大門口等你。注意： none 做主語時，謂語動詞可用單數(shù)也可用復數(shù)。但當 none 指代不可數(shù)名詞時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。None of the money in the drawer is mine. 抽屜里的錢沒有一點是我的。None has/have been found。一個也沒有找到。 each 作同位語時，謂語動詞的單復數(shù)根據(jù)主語而定，不受其影響。如：The students each have a textbook每個學生都有一本課本?？键c6： one of + 復數(shù)名詞/代詞的考查點采用語法一致的原則，謂語動詞用單數(shù)例如： one of

12、 the students in my class is from Hongkong. 我們班有一位學生來自香港。注意：在賓語從句中例外，因為關(guān)系代詞 who/that/which最靠近復數(shù)名詞而不是one,故定語從句中的謂語動詞用復數(shù)形式。 只有 one 之前出現(xiàn) the only ， the very 等修飾語時， 定語從 句的謂語動詞才用單數(shù)形式。例如： He is one of the students who have passed the exam.他是通過考試的學生之一。He is the only one of the students who has passed the e

13、xam.他是通過這次考試的唯一的一名學生。 :考點7：對并列詞and 的考查由連接詞and或both and連接起來的合成主語后面，要用復數(shù)形式的謂語動詞。如:Lucy and Lily are twins.She and I are classmates.The boy and the girl were surprised when they heard the news.Both she and he are Young Pioneers.注意 ：（ 1）若 and 所連接的兩個詞是指同一個人或物時， 如： bread and butter， law and order， war and

14、 peace等，它后面的謂語動詞就應用單數(shù)形式。如： The writer and artist has come.Bread and butter is what we usually have for breakfast.（ 2） 由 and 連接的并列單數(shù)主語前如果分別有no ， each， every more than a （ an） ，many a （an）修飾時，其謂語動詞要用單數(shù)形式。如： Every student and every teacher was in the room. /Noboy and no girl likes it.考點 8： 對 of 引導的短語的考

15、查由 “a lot o，f lots of ， all of ， most of ， half of ， some of， plenty of ， the rest of， the majorityof + 名詞 ”構(gòu)成的短語以及由 “分數(shù)或百分數(shù)+名詞”構(gòu)成的短語作主語，其謂語動詞的數(shù)要根據(jù)短語中后面名詞的數(shù)而定。若of 后面接不可數(shù)名詞或單數(shù)形式的名詞作主語時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)；但如果后接可數(shù)名詞的復數(shù)形式作主語時，謂語動詞用復數(shù)。如：A lot of money is wasted. 許多錢被浪費了There are a lot of people in the classroom.Som

16、e of the citizens are for the plan. 有些市民贊同這個計劃The rest of the lecture is wonderful.50% of the students in our class are girls.One third of his money is spent on books.注意：a number of許多”，作定語修飾復數(shù)名詞，謂語用復數(shù)；the number of"的數(shù)量”,主語是number ，謂語用單數(shù)。如： a number of new houses have been built there.The number

17、 of the people who know the secret is my limited.考點 9： many a 和 more than one +n 的特殊用法盡管其意義是復數(shù)，但謂語動詞仍用單數(shù)形式。如： Many a student is busy going over their lessons.許多學生正忙著復習功課。注意：more+復數(shù)名詞+than one做主語時，謂語動詞用復數(shù)形式。如： More children than one were playing in the shade of the tree.不止一個孩子在樹蔭下玩。練習：1. One-third of

18、 the area covered with green trees. About seventy percent of the trees been planted.A. are; have B. is; has C. is; have D. are; has2. The number of teachers in our college greatly increased last term. A number of teachersin this school from the countryside.A. was; is B. was; are C. were; are D. were

19、; is3. What the population of China? One-third of the population workers here.A. is; are B. are; are C. is; is D. are; is4. Not only he but also we right. He as well as we right.A. are; are B. are; is C. is; is D. is; are5. What he d like a digital watch. What he d like textbooks.A. are; are B. is;

20、is C. is; are D. are; is6. He is one of the boys who here on time. He is the only one of the boys who hereon time. A. has come; have comeB. have come; has comeC. has come; has comeD. have come; have come7. Either you or he interested in playing chess. you or he fond of music at present?A. are; Are B

21、. is; Are C. are; Is D. is; Is8. Many a professor looking forward to visiting Germany now. Many scientists studied animals and plants in the last two years.A. is; have B. is; has C. are; have D. is; are9. A knife and a fork on the table. A knife and fork on the table.A. is; is B. are; are C. are; is

22、 D. is; are10. Her family much larger than mine four years ago. Her family dancing andsinging when I came in last night.A. were; was B. was; were C. was; was D. were; were11. How and why Jack came to China not known. When and where to build the new librarynot been decided.A. is; has B. are; has C. i

23、s; have D. are; have12. Now Tom together with his classmates football on the playground.A. play B. are playing C. plays D. is playing13. Two hundred and fifty pounds too unreasonable a price for a second-hand car.A. isB. are C. were D. be14. All but Dick in Class Three this term.A. are B. is C. were

24、 D. was15. Soon after the earthquake, every man, woman and child about it.A. were talking B. was talking C. talk D. talks16. of the land in that district covered with trees and grass.A. Two fifth; is B. Two fifths; are C. Two fifth; are D. Two fifths; is17. My friend and classmate Paul motorcycles i

25、n his spare time.A. raceB. races C. is raced D. is racing18. There a pen, two pencils, and three books on the desk.A. areB. isC. has D. have19. The factory, including its machines and buildings, burnt last night.A. isB. are C. were D. was20. Climbing hills of great help to health.A. isB. are C. were

26、 D. be21. Not the teacher but the students excited.A. is B. has C. are D. have22. The injured in the tsunami good care of by some medical teams.A. is taken B. are being taken C. are takingD. is being taken23. As I have a meeting at four, ten minutes all that I can spare to talk with you.A. are B. wa

27、s C. is D. were24. Each man and each woman asked to help when the fire broke out.A. isB. was C. are D. were25. About 60 percent of the students from the south; the rest of them fromthe north and foreign countries.A. are; is B. is; is C. is; are D. are; are1 .Three died in the terrible fire in Luoyan

28、g last winter.A. hundreds peopleB. hundred peopleC. hundreds peoplesD. hundred peoples2. Either you or the president the prizes to these gifted winners at the meeting.A. is handing outB. are to hand outC. are handing outD. is to hand out3. I, who your close friend, will try my best to help you out o

29、f trouble.A. am B. is C. are D. be4. The Olympic Games in the year 2008 in Beijing of China, which known to usall.A. is to hold; is B. is to be held; was C. are to hold; is D. are to be held; is5. There a lot of rubbish on the floor so I asked Mary to sweep up.A. were; itB. are; them C. was; it D. i

30、s; them6. Three million tons of coal every year in the city.A. is exploitedB. are exploited C. had exploited D. have exploited7. Stories of the Long March popular with the young people now.A. isB. was C. are D. were8. Mathematics the language of science.A. areB. are going to beC. isD. is to be9. Bot

31、h rice and wheat grown in our country.A. isB. are C. was D. were10. either of your parents come to see you recently?A. HaveB. HadC. HasD. Is11. What the children in the mountain village need good books.A. isB. areC. haveD. has12. The whole family TV attentively.A. are watchingB. is watching C. is se

32、eing D. are seeing13. Nothing but several glasses bought by my father the day before yesterday.A. wasB. were C. have been D. would be14. At the bus stop a soldier and two youngpeople on their way to the village.A. were B. was C. is D. sits15. If law and order , neither the citizen nor his family is

33、safe.A. are not preserved B. is not preserved C. were preserved D. have not been preserved16. There little change in that middle school.A. have B. had C. have been D. has been17. What such a sunset strange to us all.A. going to be B. /C. is D. that18. Seventy-five percent of the earth s surface with

34、 water.A. is covered B. is coveringC. were covered D. are covered19. The following some other mental diseases.A. being B. are C. was D. were20. Not only you but also I able to help him out.A. are B. is C. am D. were 21. “ The Kites ” us a story of tshehiksittoery.A. have toldB. tells C. were told D.

35、 was told22. You and I twin sisters.A. were B. are C. is D. am23. A teacher of English and class teacher us something about volunteer workers.A. are telling B. is telling C. are given D. were given24. Thousands of tons of rubbish over a large period of time.A. rots awayB. rot away C. has rotted away

36、 D. are rotted away25. Mayor as well as volunteer workers the newly-built stadium.A. is cleaning B. are cleaningC. were cleaning D. have cleaned26. Many a student something about Abraham Lincoln.A. have knownB. knows C. is known D. are known27. The defence works built long ago to keep the enemy away

37、.A. were B. has been C. had been D. was28. “ Have you all studied the passageUsing the Mind against Disease ？”A. Nobody of us hasC. None of us hasB. Nobody of us haveD. None of us did29. A group of Italian soldiers quickly towards their position.A. were advancingB.were advancedC. was advancingD.adva

38、ncing30. Everyone, men and women, old and young sports and games.A. is enjoyB.were enjoyingC. enjoysD.enjoy答案及部分解析：1-5 CBABC 6-10 BBACB 11-15 ADAAB 16-20 DBBDA 21-25 CBCBD1. 分數(shù)或百分數(shù)+of the+名詞或代詞”作主語時，謂語動詞的單、復數(shù)形式取決 于名詞或代詞的單、復數(shù)形式。2. “thnumber of+名詞”作主語，謂語動詞常用單數(shù)形式?！?anumber of+名詞”作主語，謂語動詞常用復數(shù)形式。3. “分數(shù)或百

39、分數(shù)+of the population 作主語，謂語動詞常用復數(shù)形式?！?. or, eitheror, neithernor, not onlybut als籌（關(guān)聯(lián)）連詞連接兩個并列主語時，謂語動詞的數(shù)按 “就近原則 ”處理。注意：即使在疑問句中，動詞的數(shù)也應與最近的主語保持一致。 as well as 連接兩個并列主語時，謂語動詞的數(shù)應與前一主語保持一致。5. what 引導的名詞性從句作主語時，謂語動詞常用單數(shù)形式。但當作表語的名詞為復數(shù)，或what 從句是一個具有復數(shù)意義的并列結(jié)構(gòu)時，謂語動詞常用復數(shù)形式如： What I say and think are no business

40、 of yours.6. 在 “onoef +復數(shù)名詞+定語從句”的結(jié)構(gòu)中，定語從句中謂語動詞常用復數(shù)；在 the （only） one of +復數(shù)名詞+定語從句”的結(jié)構(gòu)中，定語從句中謂語動詞常用單數(shù)。8. many a彈數(shù)名詞，more than one理數(shù)名詞”作主語，盡管從意義上看是復數(shù)， 但謂語常用單數(shù)形式。9. 通常情況下，由and或both,and連接兩個單數(shù)形式的名詞（詞組）作主語時，謂語動詞常用復數(shù)形式。 當并列主語在意義上指同一人、 一物、 同一事或同一概念時，謂語動詞則常用單數(shù)形式。10. 第一句的 her family 應理解為 “她的家庭 ” ； 第二句中的 her

41、family 應理解為 “她 一家人 ” 。12. 當主語后有together with, but, rather than, including等引導的詞組時，謂語動詞 的數(shù)由主語的數(shù)來決定。13. 表示度量、時間等的復數(shù)名詞作主語時，往往把其看作一個整體，謂語動詞采用單數(shù)形式。16. 第一空前 each 作同位語，不影響謂語動詞的數(shù)；第二空 each 為主語部分的 中心詞，謂語動詞應用單數(shù)形式。18. There be句型中，謂語動詞的數(shù)按 就近原則”處理。20. 非謂語動詞短語作主語時，謂語動詞常用單數(shù)形式。21. Time and tide wait（s） for no man時不待人

42、。22. “the+容詞/-ing形式/-ed分詞”作主語表示類人”時，謂語動詞常用復數(shù)形 式。再者，此處應用被動語態(tài)。24 .題干為倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。a pair of trousers為主語部分的中心詞，謂語動詞應用單數(shù) 形式。25 . eacheach，everyevery或nono連接兩個并列主語時，謂語動詞常用單 數(shù)形式。26 . “therest of +名詞 ”作主語時，謂語動詞的單、復數(shù)形式取決于 of 后面的名詞 或代詞的單、復數(shù)形式。27 . 本題考查的主謂一致的內(nèi)容與上一題相同，從句子的語境判斷，應當用現(xiàn)在完成時。28 . A mine指my sheep為復數(shù)形式。是主動語態(tài)。2

43、9 . 本 句 為 倒 裝 句 。 主 語 是 a very shy girl with two bright eyes. 核 心 主 語 是 a very shy girl,為單數(shù)，全句為過去時。30 .全句的核心主語是Mr. Bush,為單數(shù)，全句為將來時。31 .運用就近原則，謂語動詞和主語the students一致，此處為主系表結(jié)構(gòu)，用be 動詞。32 .主語ten minutes表示時間，被視為一個整體，為單數(shù)形式。全句是現(xiàn)在時。33 .本旬核心主語是land,為單數(shù)形式，同時注意分數(shù)的表達形式。1. 解析：選B. hundred 一詞前面有具體數(shù)詞修飾時不加-s2. 解析：選D.當eitheror連接兩個并