2020高中英語(yǔ)專(zhuān)題練習(xí)-定語(yǔ)從句知識(shí)點(diǎn)歸納講解(附同步練習(xí))

1、高中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法基礎(chǔ)一一定語(yǔ)從句知識(shí)點(diǎn)歸納講解（附同步練習(xí)）一、定語(yǔ)從句的兩個(gè)要點(diǎn)：先行詞:被定語(yǔ)從句修飾的名詞或代詞叫先行詞。通常情況下，引導(dǎo)詞前面的名詞即為從句的先行詞。關(guān)系詞:引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的詞叫關(guān)系詞。也可以稱(chēng)作引導(dǎo)詞。關(guān)系代詞： who, whom, which, that, whose, as,在從句內(nèi)作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)等名詞性成分。關(guān)系副詞：when, where, why在從句內(nèi)作狀語(yǔ)。二、定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系詞(引導(dǎo)詞)用法精講：(1) .使用 who、whom、which、that 的定語(yǔ)從句1. whoThis is the boy who plays basketball very we

2、ll.This is the teacher who is teaching us English. who指人，在從句中作主語(yǔ)。2. whomThis is the boy (whom) I often help.The man is our headmaster (whom) you met just now.I met the girl (whom) you often praise. whom指人，在從句中作賓語(yǔ)，可省略。3. whichThis is the farm which keeps many cows.This is the farm (which ) I visit ev

3、ery year. which指事物，在從句中作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)，作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)可省略。4. that以上三種情況均可用that。指人或指物，可作主語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)，作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)可省略。(2) .使用whose的定語(yǔ)從句Do you know the girl whose father is mayor.I used to work in an office whose window faces north.I work in a school whose students are excellent. whose指人或物的所屬關(guān)系，表示 某人的“或某物的"。whose在從句中做定語(yǔ)。(3) .只能用tha

4、t引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的情況(1) 先行詞為不定代詞 all, everything, nothing, something, anything, little, muchI will do all (that) I can to help you.Parents try to offer everything (that) children need.There is not much (that) I can do here. (2)先行詞被序數(shù)詞或最高級(jí)修飾時(shí)。This is the first English novel (that) I have ever read.This is the

5、last lesson (that) I will give you.This is the best film (that) I have ever seen.(3)先行，被 the only, the very 修飾時(shí)。6This is the only thing (that) I can do for you.This is the very book (that) I am looking for.(4)人和物同時(shí)作先行詞時(shí)。We talked about the things and people (that) we saw in the foreign country.(5) 避

6、免重復(fù)：who / which開(kāi)頭的疑問(wèn)句。Who is the man that is standing over there?Which is the book (that) you want to borrow?(6)當(dāng)引導(dǎo)詞在定語(yǔ)從句中作表語(yǔ)時(shí)，引導(dǎo)詞也可省略。He is no longer the man (that) he was. = He is no longer what he was.(表語(yǔ)從句 )(4) .使用 介詞+ which ”和 介詞+ whom"的定語(yǔ)從句This is the village in which / where I was born.P

7、hysics is a subject in which I am very interested.This is the man with whom I am working.I have many friends, most of whom are businessmen.I have two sisters, both of whom live in the countryside.區(qū)分：This is the garden which I am looking after. look after, take care of, look for等固定詞組，介詞不可分開(kāi)。(5) .使用wh

8、ere, when, why 的定語(yǔ)從句1. whereThis is the village where I was born.區(qū)分：This is the village which has many green houses.This is the shop where I buy bread.This is the shop which sells bread.This is the school where I am working. This is the school which has many good teachers and students. where指地點(diǎn)，代替表示

9、地點(diǎn)的介詞短語(yǔ)(介詞+先行詞)，在從句中作狀語(yǔ)。which指事物，在從句中做主語(yǔ)/賓語(yǔ)，不做狀語(yǔ)。 當(dāng)point, situation , conditions等詞作先行詞表抽象的地點(diǎn)，其后常由where引導(dǎo)Can you think out a situation this word canbe used?Her illness has developed to the point nobody can cure her.2. whenI ' ll never forget the days when we studied together.區(qū)分：I ' ll never f

10、orget the days (which) we spent together.We are living in an age when many things are done on computer.We are living in an age which is seeing great changes. when指時(shí)間，代替表示時(shí)間的介詞短語(yǔ)(介詞+先行詞)，在從句中作狀語(yǔ)。which,指時(shí)間，在從句中做主語(yǔ) /賓語(yǔ)，不做狀語(yǔ)。3. whyHe told me the reason why he didn' t come to school.區(qū)分：The reason (wh

11、ich) he gave us is not true. why指原因，代替 for the reason,在從句中彳狀語(yǔ)。which指原因，在從句中做主語(yǔ)/賓語(yǔ)，不做狀語(yǔ)。例題：1） They will have to put off his concert until next month,he finishes his travel around the world.（when = next month ;在從句中作狀語(yǔ)）2） Anyway, that evening,I' ll tell you more about later, Iseadiedg ap Rachel'

12、; s place.（which = that evening ;在從句中作賓語(yǔ) ）3） Life is like a long race we compete with others to go beyond ourselves.（where = in the race ;在從句中作狀語(yǔ)）4） Because of the financial crisis, days are gone local 5-star hotels charged 6,000 yuan for one night.（when = during the days ;在從句中作狀語(yǔ)）5） The reason he r

13、ejected our plan is that he had no faith in us.（why = for the reason ;在從句中作狀語(yǔ)）6） The professor listed a number of cases people shouldn' t talk to strangers.（where = in the cases;在從句中作狀語(yǔ)）7） I have reached a point in my life I am supposed to make decisions of my own.（where = at the point ;在從句中作狀語(yǔ)）

14、8） It ' s helpful to put children in a situation they can see themselves differently.（where = in the situation ；在從句中作狀語(yǔ)）9） Later in this chapter cases will be introduced to readers consumers' complaints have resultethe law. （where = in the cases; 在從句中作狀語(yǔ) ）（六）.way做先行詞，用in which / that引導(dǎo)定從，或省略

15、，引導(dǎo)詞在從句中作狀語(yǔ)。1） I like the way （ in which / that ） you talk.2） I don ' t like the way （ in which / that ） she whispers in others' ears.區(qū)分：We must learn to act in ways do not harm other living things.（that; 作主語(yǔ)）三、非限制性定語(yǔ)從句（一）非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，先行詞后有逗號(hào)。先行詞常為入名或地名”，定語(yǔ)從句對(duì)其說(shuō)明作用不大，完全可以省略。不能使用that,其他根據(jù)情況均可使用。1

16、. Football,is a very interesting game, is played all over the world. （which）2. My father,is a kind man, works in this school. （who）3. Lincoln,was killed in 1865, was a good president.（who）4. Miss Zhao,you met , is our English teacher.（whom）（二）.which, as指代一句話，引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句.1. I gave her a hand, which ma

17、de her happy.2. He came late, which is often the case. which指代一句話，引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，譯成 這一點(diǎn)，這件事”，放主句后。As is well-known, China is developing very fast.（定從）China is developing very fast, as_is well-known. （定從）區(qū)分：It is well-known that China is developing very fast.（主從） as指代一句話，引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，常譯成 芷如，正像”，放句首或句尾。（三）.

18、as引到的限制性定語(yǔ)從句，suchas, the same asHere is such a big stone as no one can lift.（定從）比較：as和that的區(qū)別Here is such a big stone no one can lift it. （that ; 狀從）She is such a nice girl everyone likes. （as定從）She is such a nice girl everyone likes her. （that 狀從）His plan was such a goodone we all agreedto accept.

19、（as定從）His plan was such a goodone we all agreedto accept it.（ that狀從）定語(yǔ)從句同步練習(xí)：一.單項(xiàng)選擇。1. In fact the Sweden （瑞典人）did not understand the three questions were asked in French.A. where B. who C. in which D. which2. Have you seen the film“ Titanic ” ,leading actor is world famous?A. its B. whose C. which

20、 D. it ' s3. The result of the experiment was very good,we hadn' t expected.A. when B. that C. which D. what4.is known to all, China will be an advanced and powerful country in 20 or 30 years' timeA. It B. That C. Which D. As5. The gentleman you told me yesterday proved to be a thief.A.

21、who B. about whom C. whom D. with whom6. He paid the boy &10 for washing the windows, most of hadn' t been cleaned for at least a year.A. them B. those C. that D. which7. China has hundreds of islands,Taiwan is the largest.A. in which B. of whichC. which D. that8. The day finally came I was

22、offered a job.A. when B. that C. which D. since9. What surprised me was not what he said but he said it.A. the way B. in the way that C. in the way D. the way which10. New York,last year, is a nice old city.A. that I visited B. which I visited C. where I visited D. in which I visited11. has been ann

23、ounced, we shall have our final exam next month.A. That B. As C. It D. What12. The famous basketball star,tried to make a come back, attracted a lot of attention.A. where B. when C. which D. who13. He is the only one of the students who a winner of scholarship for three years.A. is B. are C. have be

24、en D. has been14. Thank you for giving me the Best Design, the very book I m looking for.A. what B. which C. that D. where15. He s said to have been spending his holidays in Shanghai, is a coastal city.A. which B. where C. that D. as16. There is no such place you dream of in the whole world.A. that

25、B. as C. which D. what17. The mountain village we spent our holiday last month lies in Hubei.A. which B. where C. that D. when18. The reason he gave was that he had got up lateA. why B. that C. of which D. for which19. She was educated at Beijing University, she went on to have her advanced study ab

26、road. A. after that B. from that C. from which D. after which20. Look out! Don t get close to the house, roof is under repair.A. whose B. which C. of which D. that二用適當(dāng)?shù)囊龑?dǎo)詞完成下列定語(yǔ)從句。1. This is the teacher is teaching us English.2. This is the farm keeps many cows.3. This is the farm I am working now.4. This is the farm I visit every year.5. Birthday is a day is important for everyone.6. I ll never forget the day I first came to this school.7. That was a day I ll remember forever.8. I don t know the reason he of