人教版高中英語(yǔ)必修第一冊(cè)UNIT4NATURALDISASTERS同步復(fù)習(xí)

1、UNIT 4 NATURAL DISASTERS知識(shí)清單破I .核心單詞(A)寫(xiě)作詞匯一寫(xiě)詞形1. n.災(zāi)難;災(zāi)害2. 氏旱災(zāi);久旱3. n.洪水;大量vi.淹沒(méi);大量涌入vt.使灌滿(mǎn)水;淹沒(méi)4. n.& vt.營(yíng)救;救援5. vt.損害;破壞n.損壞;損失6. vt.摧毀;毀滅7. vt.疏散;撤出vi.撤離8. n.避難處;居所;庇護(hù)vt.保護(hù);掩蔽vi.躲避(風(fēng)雨或危險(xiǎn))9. n.& vt.破壞;毀壞10. n.百分之a(chǎn)4j.& adv.每一百中11. n.電;電能12. vt.埋葬;安葬13. vi.&vt.呼吸14. n.努力;艱難的嘗試;盡力15.

2、n.供應(yīng)(量)；補(bǔ)給;pl.補(bǔ)給品vt.供應(yīng);供給16. n.突發(fā)事件;緊急情況17. adj.鎮(zhèn)靜的;沉著的使平靜;使鎮(zhèn)靜18. vi.吹口哨;發(fā)出笛聲vt.吹口哨n.哨子(聲);呼嘯聲19. vt.& vi.碰撞;撞擊n.撞車(chē);碰撞20. vt.& vi.遞送;傳達(dá)vt.發(fā)表21. n.總結(jié);概括;概要22. vi.& vt.(struck,struck/stricken)侵襲;突擊;擊打 n.罷工;罷課;襲擊23. n.幫助;援助;救援物資vi.& vt.(formal)幫助;援助24. n.海浪;波浪vi.& vt.揮手;招手(B)閱讀詞匯一明詞

3、義1. tornado n.2. landslide n.3. slide vi.& vt. 4. tsunami n. 5. magnitude n. 6. helicopter n. 7. crack n. vi.& vt. 8. metal n. 9. unify vi.& vt. 10. context n. 11. volcano n. 12. typhoon n. (C)拓展詞匯一靈活用13. hurricane n. 14. tap vi.& vt. n. 15. pipe n. 16. kit n. 17. sweep vt.& vi.

4、18. transportation n. 19. positive adj. 20. rebuild vt. 21. tourist n. 22. gratitude n. 1. Vt.使落入險(xiǎn)境;使陷入圈套n.險(xiǎn)境;陷阱T adj.受困的 t n.捕殺動(dòng)物者2. n.智慧;才智- adj.明智的;聰明的3. vt.遭受;蒙受vi.（因疾病、痛苦、悲傷等）受苦- n.苦難4. vi.&vt.（火山）爆發(fā);（巖漿、煙等）噴出t n.爆發(fā)，噴發(fā)5. n.電力供應(yīng);能量;力量;控制力 adj.力量大的;強(qiáng)有力的6. Vt.&vi.復(fù)活;（使）蘇醒T n.振興;復(fù)蘇7. vt.影響;

5、（疾病）侵襲;深深打動(dòng) n.影響;結(jié)果;效果 t adj.有效的8. n.長(zhǎng);長(zhǎng)度 adj.長(zhǎng)的;長(zhǎng)期的t vt.& vi.（使）變長(zhǎng)9. n.震驚;令人震驚的事;休克vt.（使）震驚 adj.令人 震驚的t adj.感到震驚的10. n.死;死亡7 vi.&vt.死亡;凋謝;消亡r adj.死亡的11. vi.生存;存活幸存;艱難度過(guò)- n.生存,幸存;殘存 物- n.幸存者，生還者II.重點(diǎn)短語(yǔ)1. 談及;參考;涉及2. 嚴(yán)重受損;破敗不堪3. _建起;建立14. 輪流做某事4. _似乎;好像;仿佛15. 急救箱5. 注意;關(guān)注16. 首先6. 被用來(lái)做某事17. 遠(yuǎn)離7.

6、至少18.處于危險(xiǎn)中8. _像往常一樣;照例19. 消滅;徹底消除9. _挖出;挖掘20. 執(zhí)行;貫徹;操作;完成10. _站起來(lái)21. 以為基礎(chǔ)11. 遭受;患病;受.22. 為做準(zhǔn)備苦23. 震驚;吃驚12. _經(jīng)歷;仔細(xì)檢查24. 現(xiàn)有（尤指幫助）13. 露天;在戶(hù)外25. 抄近路穿過(guò)m.經(jīng)典結(jié)構(gòu)1.至少有一口井里正冒出臭氣。At least one wellsome smelly gasout of it.2 .雞，甚至豬都太焦躁而不吃食，狗拒絕進(jìn)入屋內(nèi)。Chickens andeven pigs werenervouseat, and dogs refused to goinside

7、 buildings.3 救援人員為那些家園被毀的幸存者蓋起了避難所。Workers built shelters for survivors whose homes .4 .準(zhǔn)備一個(gè)急救箱也是非常重要的。 is also very important.5 .如果你發(fā)現(xiàn)自己處于森林火災(zāi)的危險(xiǎn)中，首先要保持冷靜。If you from a forest fire, first of all, stay calm.w.長(zhǎng)難句分析l.Mice ran out of the fields looking for places to hide.and fish jumped out of the wat

8、er.分析:句中 連接了兩個(gè)并列分句，第一個(gè)分句中l(wèi)ooking for places to hide 為 作狀語(yǔ)。句意:老鼠從田地里跑出來(lái)找地方藏身，魚(yú)從水里往外跳。1.1 t seemed as if the world were coming to an end!分析:句中as if引導(dǎo) 從句,從句中使用了 語(yǔ)氣。句意:似乎世界末日即將來(lái)臨！3 .The new city has become a home to more than seven million people, with great improvements in transportation,industry, and

9、environment.分析:句中has become為 時(shí)態(tài),強(qiáng)調(diào)新的城市已經(jīng)變成現(xiàn)在這個(gè)樣 子。句中with.environment為with的 ，在句中作 。句意:這座新城市已經(jīng)成為700多萬(wàn)人的家園，交通、工業(yè)和環(huán)境都得到了極大的改善。4 .The most powerful earthquake in the past 40 years caused a tsunami that crashed into coastlines across Asia yesterday, killing more than 6,500 people in Indonesia, India, Thai

10、land, Malaysia, and at least four other countries.分析:本句為主從復(fù)合句。主句的主語(yǔ)為earthquake,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為，賓語(yǔ) 為 ，賓語(yǔ)后為that引導(dǎo)的 ;句中killing.為現(xiàn)在分詞 短語(yǔ)作 狀語(yǔ)。句意:昨天，過(guò)去40年來(lái)最強(qiáng)烈的地震引發(fā)了海嘯，海嘯襲擊了亞洲各地的沿海地區(qū)，造 成印度尼西亞、印度、泰國(guó)、馬來(lái)西亞以及至少其他四個(gè)國(guó)家的6,500多人死亡。5 .Fishermen, tourists, hotels, homes and cars were swept away by huge waves caused by the str

11、ong earthquake that reached a magnitude of 9.0.分析：句中were swept away為 語(yǔ)態(tài);caused by.為過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ) 作 ，修飾名詞 ；句中 that reached a magnitude of 9.0 為 引導(dǎo)的 ，修飾先行詞。句意:漁民、游客、旅館、住宅和汽車(chē)都被達(dá)到9.0級(jí)的強(qiáng)烈地震引起的巨浪沖走了。V.必備語(yǔ)法1. There were deep cracks appeared in the well walls.2. Two thirds of the people lived there were dead or in

12、jured.3. Workers built shelters for survivors homes had been destroyed.4. A doctor with James used to work died in the 2016 earthquake in Ecuador.5. The supplies were provided to the disaster area were collected from around the country.詞匯情景破1. flood n.洪水；大量vl.淹沒(méi)；大量涌入vt.使灌滿(mǎn)水；淹沒(méi)Flood（教材P49）洪水情景導(dǎo)學(xué)When

13、the Nile is in flood, it deposits a layer of mud on the fields.尼羅河泛濫時(shí)在田野上沉 積下一層泥。Letters came flooding in from the angry audience.憤怒觀眾的來(lái)信如潮水般涌來(lái)。歸納拓展in flood在泛濫a flood of大量的flood in/into 大量涌入flood sb./sth. with sth.使某人/某物被某物淹沒(méi);將某物大量送至某人/某物處單句語(yǔ)法填空1-1 But when he finally reached her, the woman flooded

14、him questions.1-2 Adults understand what it feels like to (flood) with objects.1-3 As flood of problems catch you up, it is best to turn to your parents for help.2. affect vt.影響;(疾病)侵襲;深深打動(dòng)82 killed, 500,000 affected(教材 P49)死亡 82 人,50 萬(wàn)人受影響情景導(dǎo)學(xué)As a matter of fact, your opinion will not affect my dec

15、ision.事實(shí)上，你的意見(jiàn)不會(huì)影響我 的決定。Around 540 million people are affected by second-hand smoke, which causes 100,000 deaths per year.大約5.4億人受二手煙的影響，這每年造成10萬(wàn)人死亡。歸納拓展be affected by.受.影響;被.打動(dòng)effective adj.有效的;有影響的effect n.影響;結(jié)果;效果affection n.喜愛(ài);慈愛(ài);感情單句語(yǔ)法填空2-1 These actions have greatly (affect) the ecological bal

16、ance.2-2 Touched by their enthusiastic expression of (affect), Mabry thanked them all.2-3 They are extremely important in the safe and (effect) running of our programmes.2-4 I (affect)deeply by her inspiring speech at the opening ceremony last night.J3. ruin n.& vt.破壞;毀壞In less than one minute.a

17、 large city lay in ruins.(教材 P50)不到一分鐘,一座大城市 就成了一片廢墟。情景導(dǎo)學(xué)The bad weather ruined our trip.惡劣的天氣破壞了我們的旅行。They let that palace fall into ruin.他們?nèi)螒{那座宮殿衰敗下去。歸納拓展in ruins嚴(yán)重受損;破敗不堪fall into ruin衰落;敗落易混辨析damage多指帶來(lái)輕度損壞，所帶來(lái)的損壞一般是可修復(fù)的ruin多指自然因素對(duì)建筑物、動(dòng)植物、城鎮(zhèn)等帶來(lái)嚴(yán)重破壞，破壞的后果往往是事物喪 失價(jià)值;也可用于指使假期、希望、夢(mèng)想、前程等美好的事物盡毀或嚴(yán)重危害健

18、康 等destroy指徹底毀壞某事物，使事物喪失功能或不復(fù)存在;也可用于指使希望、計(jì)劃等落空單句語(yǔ)法填空3-1 When they returned to Rockaway the next day, they found their neighborhood in (ruin).3-2 Many village communities feel their countryside is being (ruin) by the power-producing machines of wind farms.選詞填空(damage, destroy, ruin)3-3 Irresponsible

19、use of a fire extinguisher can create a dangerous situation for other residents and could result in to personal property.3-4 When the war was near, Alia was worried that the fires of war would the books.3-5 Dont let negativity your motivation.4. suffer vt.遭受;蒙受vi.（因疾病、痛苦、悲傷等）受苦What kind of help do y

20、ou think people who have suffered an earthquake need?（教材P51）你認(rèn)為遭受了地震的人們需要什么樣的幫助？情景導(dǎo)學(xué)The company suffered a great loss as a result of the accident.由于那次事故，該公司遭受了 重大損失。He has been suffering from back problems for a long time.他患有背部疾病已經(jīng)很長(zhǎng)時(shí)間 了。歸納拓展 suffer a great loss/pains/hardship 遭受損失/痛苦/困難suffer from

21、患病;遭受痛苦suffering n.疼痛;苦難，痛苦sufferer n.受苦者;受難考單句語(yǔ)法填空4-1 The loss of big trees was greatest in areas where trees had （suffer） the greatest water shortage.4-2 The 65-year-old Steve Goodwin was found （suffer） from early Alzheimer's （阿爾茲海默癥）.He was losing his memory.單句翻譯4-3 We all want to do somethin

22、g to help those sufferers who are suffering a lot out of their sufferings.5. supply n.供應(yīng)（量）;補(bǔ)給;pL補(bǔ)給品vt.供應(yīng);供給The supplies which were provided to the disaster area were collected from aroundthe country.(教材P52)向?yàn)?zāi)區(qū)提供的物資是從全國(guó)各地收集來(lái)的。情景導(dǎo)學(xué)The company supplied us with the necessary money.公司向我們提供了 必要的資金。 歸納拓展

23、be in short supply 短缺 supply sb. With sth./supply sth. to sb.給某人提供某物 易混辨析supply補(bǔ)給不足的人員或設(shè)備provide事先準(zhǔn)備好必需品來(lái)供應(yīng)，或表示提供建議或指導(dǎo)，常用搭配 provide sb. with sth./provide sth. for sb.offer強(qiáng)調(diào)主動(dòng)提供的，常用搭配offer sb. sth./offer sth. to sb.選詞填空5-1 A retired engineer, 76-year-old Wilson has been free rides to college student

24、s for the past eight years.(providing/offering)5-2 The purpose of this passage is to guidance on leading a meaningful life.(supply/provide) 單句語(yǔ)法填空5-3 Water is short supply, pollution is worsening, and there is no affordable housing left for them to buy.5-4 The main purpose of the passage is to suppl

25、y visitors hotel information.6. survive vl生存;存活vt.幸存;艱難度過(guò)She's feeding the baby who survived the earthquake.(教材 P52)她正在給這個(gè)在地 震中幸存的嬰兒喂奶。情景導(dǎo)學(xué)Some strange customs have survived from earlier times.有些奇怪的風(fēng)俗是從較早的時(shí)期 流傳下來(lái)的。She survived her husband by only a few years.她只比她丈夫多活了 幾年。 歸納拓展survive sth.幸免于某事;從

26、某事中挺過(guò)來(lái)/活過(guò)來(lái)survive from 從存活下來(lái)/流傳下來(lái) A survive B by .A 比 B 活得長(zhǎng)survivor n.幸存者survival n.U幸存;生存C殘存物;幸存事物單句語(yǔ)法填空6-1 Baptiste Du banchet is biking across Europe, (survive) entirely on discarded(丟 棄)food.6-2 After all, not everyone has realized that wildlife has thoughts, feelings, and most importantly, equa

27、l rights (survive).6-3 For a sudden heart failure, the best chance for (survive) is having someone nearby step in and do CPR quickly.7. strike(struck, struck/stricken) vi.& vt.侵襲;突擊;擊打;撞擊;罷工;突然想到;使喜愛(ài);使 受吸引;(鐘)敲a罷工;罷課;襲擊The undersea quake struck around 7:00 a.m., Sunday off the west coast of Indo

28、nesia's Sumatra Island.(教材P54)印度尼西亞蘇門(mén)答臘島的西海岸外于周日上午7 點(diǎn)左右發(fā)生了海底地震。 情景導(dǎo)學(xué)He fell, striking his head on the table.他摔倒了，頭碰在了桌子上。Half the workforce are now (out) on strike.現(xiàn)在有半數(shù)職工罷工。歸納拓展on strike在罷工striking adj.引人注目的;顯著的;俊秀的 It strikes/hits/occurs to sb. that.某人突然想起10單句語(yǔ)法填空7-1 For Japan, the numbers are

29、 more (strike)22 in 1950, 46 today and 53 in 2050.7-2 Just before September, Miller (strike) by a car and lost his right arm.7-3 (strike) by the beauty of the West Lake,he decided to stay there.單句翻譯7-4我突然想到我應(yīng)該去拜訪(fǎng)我的老師。8. deliver vt& vL遞送;傳達(dá)vt.發(fā)表(演說(shuō)等);生孩子;接生However,dangerous conditions and damaged

30、 roads will make it difficult to deliver food and supplies.(教材P54)然而，危險(xiǎn)的環(huán)境和損壞的道路將使運(yùn)送食物和補(bǔ)給品變 得困難。 情景導(dǎo)學(xué)It was very considerate of you to deliver milk to our door every morning, 你真是太體貼了, 每天早上把牛奶送到我們家門(mén)口。Hans was asked to deliver a speech on the graduation at Harvard University.漢斯被邀i青在 哈佛大學(xué)的畢業(yè)典禮上發(fā)表演講。歸納拓

31、展deliver sth. to sb./sth.投遞/運(yùn)送某物給某人/至某處 deliver a speecli/lecture 發(fā)表演講delivery n.傳遞;遞送;交付;分娩單句語(yǔ)法填空8-1 Once his message (deliver), he allowed me to stay and watch.8-2 Few want to live without search engines or a quick (deliver).8-3 The speaker, known for her wonderful speeches, (deliver) a lecture in

32、 our school next week.8-4 To help students deal with learning problems, we will hold a Ilecture (deliver) by a professor from London.結(jié)構(gòu)情景破Las if仿佛，好像It seemed as if the world were coming to an end!(教材 P50)仿佛到了世界末日！情景導(dǎo)學(xué)He looks as if he is going to cry.他看上去好像快要哭了。He talks to them as if they were chil

33、dren.他同他們說(shuō)話(huà)就像他們是孩子一樣。歸納拓展as if從句用陳述語(yǔ)氣:從句表示的情況是 oas if從句用虛擬語(yǔ)氣的三種情況：表示與現(xiàn)在的事實(shí)相反的情況時(shí)，從句用 ；表示與過(guò)去的事實(shí)相反的情況時(shí)，從句用 ；表示與將來(lái)的事實(shí)相反的情況時(shí)，從句用過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)。單句語(yǔ)法填空1-1 The kids were very friendly with her and even looked up to her as if she (be) their own mother.1-2 Look at the clouds in the sky!It looks as if it (be) going to

34、 rain. Let's hurry up.1-3 Jack wasn't saying anything, but the teacher smiled at him as if he (do) something very clever.2. find oneself.發(fā)現(xiàn)自己處于某種狀態(tài)If you find yourself in danger from a forest fire, first of all,stay calm.(教材 P53)如 果你發(fā)現(xiàn)自己處于森林火災(zāi)的危險(xiǎn)中，首先要保持冷靜。情景導(dǎo)學(xué)When he woke up, he found himsel

35、f lying on the ground.當(dāng)他醒來(lái)時(shí)，他發(fā)現(xiàn)自己躺在地 上。We all found him a very sensible man.我們都發(fā)現(xiàn)他是一個(gè)很明智的人。When he came to himself, he found himself surrounded by a group of boys.當(dāng)他回過(guò)神，他 發(fā)現(xiàn)自己被一群男孩包圍著。歸納拓展find后接賓語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)時(shí)，賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)可以是 、形 容詞、副詞、介詞短語(yǔ)或名詞。單句語(yǔ)法填空2-1 I often found myself (tell) my mom to drive more slowly, so

36、that I could read all of the road signs we passed.2-2 You won't find paper cutting (difficulty) as long as you keep practicing it. 完成句子2-3你會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)這次活動(dòng)對(duì)更好地了解中國(guó)燦爛的傳統(tǒng)文化是有意義的。Youll in better understanding Chinese splendid traditional culture.語(yǔ)法精講破定語(yǔ)從句(關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo))定語(yǔ)從句在主從復(fù)合句中修飾名詞、代詞或整個(gè)句子,充當(dāng)，其位置在其 所修飾的詞之后。定語(yǔ)從句

37、所修飾的詞叫 O引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的詞叫 ，包括 和 。關(guān)系詞指代前面的 © ，并在從句中充當(dāng)一定的成分。關(guān)系代詞在從句中通常作 、 賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)或定語(yǔ)，關(guān)系代詞在從句中作賓語(yǔ)且引導(dǎo)的是限制性定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)通常可以 o 常見(jiàn)的關(guān)系代詞有:that、which、who、whom、whose 和 as。關(guān)系代詞先行詞在從句中所作成分能否省略that人/物主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)可以省略which物/事主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)?？梢允÷?，但作介詞的賓語(yǔ)且介詞提到其 前面時(shí),which不能省略who人主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)可省略，作主語(yǔ)時(shí)不能省略whom人賓語(yǔ)作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)?？梢允÷裕鹘樵~的賓語(yǔ)且介詞提到其

38、前面時(shí),whom不能省略whose人/物定語(yǔ)不能省略as人/物/事主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)不能省略一、宜用that不宜用which的情況1.先行詞既有人乂有物時(shí),用that。2.先行詞為 everything> something、nothing、anything 等 或被 few、little、much、the only、the very、 、 every、any 等修飾時(shí)，常用關(guān)系代 詞that來(lái)引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句。如：You should hand in all that you have.你應(yīng)該把你有的全部東西都交上來(lái)。3 .先行詞前有 、 修飾時(shí)，用關(guān)系代詞that引導(dǎo) 定語(yǔ)從句。如：Thi

39、s is the most interesting story that I have ever read.這是我讀過(guò)的最有趣的故事。The first thing that we should do is to work out a plan.我們應(yīng)該做的第一件事是制訂一 個(gè)計(jì)劃。4 .當(dāng)主句是以小 開(kāi)頭的特殊疑問(wèn)句時(shí)，用that。如：Which is the bike that you lost?哪一輛是你丟的自行車(chē)？二、關(guān)系代詞as引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句當(dāng)先行詞前面有the same/sucli/so/as時(shí)，常用as引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句,as在從句中充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ)。I如：Wendy is not

40、 such a fool as you think.溫迪不像你認(rèn)為的那樣傻。三、宜用who而不宜用that的情況先行詞是指人的時(shí)。如:Those who were not fit for the work got fired.那些不能勝任這項(xiàng)工作的人被解雇 了。四、關(guān)系代詞的省略關(guān)系代詞在從句中作時(shí)，通常可以省略。如:The man (whom/who) you saw just now is our manager.你剛才見(jiàn)到的那個(gè)人是我們 的經(jīng)理。五、定語(yǔ)從句中的主謂一致關(guān)系代詞在定語(yǔ)從句中作時(shí),從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞在人稱(chēng)和數(shù)方面應(yīng) 與前面的保持一致。如：Tommy is the only on

41、e of the pupils that has failed the exam.湯米是那些學(xué)生中唯一 考試不及格的人。單句語(yǔ)法填空1. On the edge of the jacket, there is a piece of cloth gives off light in the dark.2. No sooner did she leave my doorstep than I had emails from two women kids go to my son s nursery and who recognized my face.3. What you need is a great teacher lets you make mistake