Learningabout Language

1、Unit 4 Sharing Learning about Language hear from be dying to up to adapt to have no concept of the other day come across to be honest make any difference to接到接到的信的信渴望渴望 / 極想做極想做(數(shù)量上數(shù)量上) 多達(dá)多達(dá)(使使)適應(yīng)適應(yīng)沒有沒有的概念；不知道的概念；不知道不久前的一天不久前的一天碰到碰到說實(shí)在的說實(shí)在的, 老實(shí)說老實(shí)說 對(duì)對(duì)有影響有影響Translate the phrases into Chinese.lead sb.

2、 tostick outdry upin needparticipate in帶領(lǐng)某人去帶領(lǐng)某人去伸出伸出 干透干透在困難中在困難中 參加參加1. _ to change slightly to make something work better 2. _ a metal shelf for cooking meat, toasting bread, etc 3. _ connected with what is being done or discussed Find words in the unit that have the following meanings. adjustgri

3、llrelevant4. _ an idea 5. _ an honour 6. _ something that has been organized 7. _ written work in an office, such as writing reports or letters 8. _ to breathe air into your nose noisily conceptprivilegearrangementpaperworksniffotherwise, airmail, be dying to, adjust, muddy, hear from, fortnight, pl

4、atform, remote 2 Complete the paragraph with the words or phrases below in their proper forms. Sharon looked at herself in the mirror and sighed. She had posted the _ letter to Tim last week but had had no reply. She smoothed her hair down with a wet comb, wiped her _ shoes, and thought about the th

5、ree months she had known him. He was the nicest boy she had ever met, _ she would not have fallen in love with him. airmailotherwisemuddyShe still remembered that he _ quickly when he heard she came from a _ village. At first she had _ him every week but now she had not heard for a _. Why? She had d

6、ecided to find out. She walked down the _ to catch the train to New York feeling both excited and nervous. She _ see him again but what if he didnt want to see her? adjustedwas dying toremote heard fromfortnightplatform 1. (dry _) to become completely dry2. (dry _) to become dry on the surface3. (dr

7、y _) to come to an end4. (hear _) to listen to somebody till the end5. (hear _) to receive a letter or a phone call from someonefromout/upoffupout3 Look at these definitions and make suitable phrasal verbs with the words in the right box. 6. (hear _) to have knowledge of sb/sth7. (be dying _) to wan

8、t to do something very much8. (die _) to disappear or stop existing completely9. (die _) to gradually get quieter downoffor/toout The Attributive Clause 1 He is a famous player.123He is the famous player who has become one of the volunteers of China Bone Marrow(骨髓骨髓) Bank. 4He is a singer.He was the

9、 singer whose money was completely spent in sponsoring(資助資助) poor children to go to school. This is the volunteer sign which/that is designed for the 29th Beijing Olympic Games. This is a volunteer sign.Xu Benyu is a 24-year-old boy. His family is very poor.Xu Benyu is a 24-year-old boy whose family

10、 is very poor. When he was still a student, he began to sponsor those students. B. Those students were poorer than him. When he was still a student, he began to sponsor those students who were poorer than him. Xu Benyu is the very person. We should learn from him.Xu Benyu is the very person whom we

11、should learn from.1. 在復(fù)合句中修飾名詞或代詞的從句叫做在復(fù)合句中修飾名詞或代詞的從句叫做定語從句定語從句，被修飾的名詞或代詞叫被修飾的名詞或代詞叫先行詞先行詞。（限定性定語從句是（限定性定語從句是先行詞不可缺少的部分，去掉它主句的意思往往不明先行詞不可缺少的部分，去掉它主句的意思往往不明確或不完整；而非限定性定語從句和主句的關(guān)系不密確或不完整；而非限定性定語從句和主句的關(guān)系不密切，去掉定語從句，句子的意思仍然完整。）切，去掉定語從句，句子的意思仍然完整。）2. 引導(dǎo)定語從句的引導(dǎo)定語從句的關(guān)系代詞關(guān)系代詞有：有：which, that, who, whom和和whose。

12、其。其作用作用是：引導(dǎo)定語從句；代替先是：引導(dǎo)定語從句；代替先行詞；在定語從句中充當(dāng)一定成分。行詞；在定語從句中充當(dāng)一定成分。3. 引導(dǎo)定語從句的引導(dǎo)定語從句的關(guān)系副詞關(guān)系副詞有：有：where, when, why等，等，相當(dāng)于相當(dāng)于“介詞介詞+關(guān)系代詞關(guān)系代詞”。注：介詞提前時(shí)關(guān)系代詞只用注：介詞提前時(shí)關(guān)系代詞只用which和和whomThe man who lives next to us sells vegetables.先行詞先行詞放置于名詞之放置于名詞之_，修飾名詞的從句，修飾名詞的從句關(guān)系詞關(guān)系詞1. 連接作用連接作用2. 在從句中充當(dāng)成分在從句中充當(dāng)成分后后關(guān)系詞關(guān)系詞1. 關(guān)

13、系代詞關(guān)系代詞2. 關(guān)系副詞關(guān)系副詞1.指人指人2.指物指物3.指某一情況指某一情況that who whom whosethat which whosewhichas不能放于句首不能放于句首放于句中或句首放于句中或句首“正如正如”when wherewhy(主語主語/賓語賓語)(狀語狀語)=介詞介詞+which引導(dǎo)定語從句的關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)定語從句的關(guān)系代詞 that which who whom whose that 即指人又指物即指人又指物, 作主語或賓語。作主語或賓語。Which 指物指物, 作主語或賓語。作主語或賓語。who, whom 指人指人, who作主語或賓語，作主語或賓語，wh

14、om 作賓語。作賓語。that, which, whom 在定語從句中作賓語時(shí)在定語從句中作賓語時(shí),可省去?？墒∪?。1. that 在從句中作主語或賓語在從句中作主語或賓語, , 指人和物。指人和物。1) A plane is a machine that can fly. (主語主語)2) The noodles that I cooked were delicious. (賓語賓語)3) Lets ask the man that is reading the book over there. (主語主語)4) The girl that we saw yesterday is Jimsi

15、ster. (賓語賓語)2. which 在從句中作主語或賓語在從句中作主語或賓語, , 指物指物 They planted the trees which didnt need much water. (主語主語)2) The fish which we bought were not fresh. (賓語賓語)3. who、whom 在從句中分別作主語和賓語在從句中分別作主語和賓語 (口語中口語中who也可作賓語也可作賓語) The foreigner who visited our school yesterday is from Canada. (主語主語)2) The boy who

16、 broke the window is called Michael. (主語主語) 3) The person to whom you just talked is Mr. Li. (賓語賓語)4) Mr. Read is the professor to whom you should write. (賓語賓語)4. whose 在從句中作定語在從句中作定語, ,指人或物。指人或物。 Miss Flower is the teacher whose house caught fire last week.2) This is the boy whose composition the t

17、eacher talked of.3) This is the book whose cover is blue. 關(guān)系代詞關(guān)系代詞whose還可以在從句中與它所修飾還可以在從句中與它所修飾 的詞一起作介詞賓語。如的詞一起作介詞賓語。如:The boss in whose company my father worked is a very kind person.NOTE2. 當(dāng)先行詞是當(dāng)先行詞是one, ones, anybody, anyone, all, none, those 等等, 指人時(shí)一般用指人時(shí)一般用who, 不用不用that。 Those who want to go to

18、 the cinema will have to wait at the gate of the school. 在以疑問詞在以疑問詞who開頭的句子中開頭的句子中, 或關(guān)系代詞在或關(guān)系代詞在 從句中作表語時(shí)從句中作表語時(shí), 用用that, 不用不用who。 Who is the man that is shouting there? She is not the girl that she used to be. 3. 先行詞是人先行詞是人, 從句中缺動(dòng)詞賓語或介詞賓語從句中缺動(dòng)詞賓語或介詞賓語 時(shí)時(shí), 用用whom或或that(介詞后不用介詞后不用that)。 The teacher wa

19、nts to return the book to the girl from whom he borrowed it. He is the student (whom, who, that) you want to see. 關(guān)系代詞關(guān)系代詞 that, which, whom 在從句中作在從句中作 賓語時(shí)可省略掉。但放在介詞后面時(shí)則賓語時(shí)可省略掉。但放在介詞后面時(shí)則 不可省略不可省略, 如上面第一句如上面第一句from后面的后面的whom 就不能省略。就不能省略。4.下列情況只用下列情況只用that不用不用which引導(dǎo)定語從句。引導(dǎo)定語從句。 1) 先行詞是先行詞是 all, littl

20、e, few, much, anything, everything, nothing, none, no one, some等等 不定代詞。不定代詞。 Is there anything that I can do for you? 2) 先行詞被先行詞被all, every, no, some, little, few, much, one of , the only, the very, the right, 等所修飾時(shí)。等所修飾時(shí)。 The only thing that he could do was waiting. The last place that they visited

21、 was Beijing.3) 先行詞前有序數(shù)詞或形容詞最高級(jí)修飾時(shí)。先行詞前有序數(shù)詞或形容詞最高級(jí)修飾時(shí)。 This is the first film that Ive ever seen. The last place that they visited was Beijing.4) 先行詞中既有人又有物時(shí)。先行詞中既有人又有物時(shí)。 We were deeply impressed by the teachers and schools that we had visited.5) 先行詞被先行詞被 the only, the very, the same, the last 修飾時(shí)。修

22、飾時(shí)。6) 在疑問詞在疑問詞 who、which、what開頭的句子中開頭的句子中, 要用要用that。 Whoever that is content with a little progress cant make big achievements.7) 關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中作表語只用關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中作表語只用that。 He is no longer the man that he used to be. This is no longer the dirty place (that) it used to be.注意注意, 先行詞是人時(shí)一般不受上述情況的限先行詞是人時(shí)一般不受上述情

23、況的限制。但是制。但是 當(dāng)主句是以當(dāng)主句是以 who 開頭的特殊疑問句時(shí)開頭的特殊疑問句時(shí), 為了避免為了避免 重復(fù)重復(fù), 最好不用最好不用who來引導(dǎo)定語從句來引導(dǎo)定語從句, 而用而用that (賓格可以用賓格可以用whom)來引導(dǎo)。來引導(dǎo)。 b. 當(dāng)先行詞是當(dāng)先行詞是 those 時(shí)宜用時(shí)宜用who。 c. 當(dāng)先行詞和定語從句相隔離時(shí)宜用當(dāng)先行詞和定語從句相隔離時(shí)宜用who。 I met a foreigner in the street yesterday who could asked me questions in Chinese d. 當(dāng)一個(gè)句子帶有兩個(gè)定語從句時(shí)當(dāng)一個(gè)句子帶有兩個(gè)

24、定語從句時(shí), 其中一個(gè)其中一個(gè) 用用that另一個(gè)宜用另一個(gè)宜用who。 The man that you met in the street yesterday is the one who stole your wallet.Are you clear now?OK. Lets do some exercises!Fill in the blanks with who, whom, that, which or whose The earthquake _ hit the city in 1906 was the biggest in American history. We dont k

25、now the number of people _ lost their homes in 1906 earthquake.that / who which /that The house _ they built in 1987 stayed up in the earthquake. 4. A house _ is built on sand may fall down in a earthquake. 5. Luckily none of the people _ I know were killed in the earthquake.6. Harry is the boy _ mo

26、ther is our maths teacher.which / thatwho/whom/thatwhosethat / which 1.Ill never forget the days _ we worked together. 2.Ill never forget the days _ we spent together. 3.I went to the place I worked ten years ago. 4.I went to the place _ I visited ten years ago. 5.This is the reason _ he was late. 6

27、.This is the reason _ he gave. when / in whichwhichwhere / in whichwhichwhy / for whichthat /whichFinish the sentences with the correct pronouns.(2013北京北京)1. Many countries are now setting up national parks_ animals and plants can be protected. A. when B. which C. whose D. where(2013福建福建)2.The book

28、tells stories of the earthquake through the eyes of those _ lives were affected.A. whose B. thatC. whoD. whichDA高考真題高考真題(2013湖南湖南) 3. Happiness and success often come to those _ are good at recognizing their own strengths. A. whom B. who C. what D. which(2013四川四川)4. Nowadays people are more concerned about the environment _ they live. A. what B. which C. when D. whereBD5. We live in an age _ more information is available with greater ease than ever before. （2012 浙江）浙江） A. why B. when C. to whom D. on which6. Care of the soul is a gradual process _ even th