英國(guó)文學(xué)--十四行詩1ppt課件

1、Contents1. Revision 2. Sonnet3. Shakespeares Sonnets4. Reading of Sonnet 18 5. SummaryElementsOrigion & DevelopmentTypes & FeaturesDefinition Romantic Drama Comedies Sonnets Narrative poems Historical Plays TragediesShakespearesWorks10101415423 Definition Sonnet: an exact form of poetry in 1

2、4 lines of iambic pentameter intricately rhymed.Sonnet Cycles (十四行詩組詩十四行詩組詩)vsonnet sequencesva series of sonnets linked together by exploring the varied aspects of a relationship between lovers, or else by indicating a development in the relationship that constitutes a kind of implicit plot. Sir Th

3、omas Wyatt (1503-1542)Petrarch (1304 -4)Origin & Development (1). Originated in Italy around the 0s; (2). Perfected by Petrarch (1304 -4); (3). Sir Thomas Wyatt introduced Petrarchan sonnet from Italy into English literature. (4). Decline and revival Origin & DevelopmentTwo types of sonnet:

4、a. the Italian or Petrarchan sonnet b. the English or Shakespearean sonnet. Difference: structure, rhyme scheme, and subject matter Types of Sonnets octave (8 lines) rhyming abbaabba sestet (6 lines) rhyming cdecde or cdccdc. 11 syllables in each lineThe Italian or Petrarchan sonnetOn His BlindnessW

5、hen I consider how my light isEre half my days, in this dark world and And that one talent which is death to Lodged with me useless, though my soul moreTo serve therewith my maker, andMy true account, lest he returning“Doth god exact day-labor, light I fondly ask; but Patience to That murmur, soon r

6、eplies, “God doth not Either mans work or his own gifts; whoBear his mild yoke, they serve him best. His Is kingly. Thousands at his bidding And post oer land ocean without they also serve who only stand andspentwidehide,bentpresentchide;denied?prevent needbeststate speedrest: wait.The English or Sh

7、akespearean sonnetvthree quatrains + a concluding couplet:v abab 1-4 v cdcd 5-8v efef 9-12v gg 13-14 vSpenserian sonnet: abab bcbc cdcd ee. v10 syllables in each lineSonnet 29When, in disgrace with Fortune and mens I all alone beweep my outcast And trouble deaf heaven with my bootlessAnd look upon m

8、yself, and curse myWishing me like to one more rich inFeatured like him, like him with friends Desiring this mans art and that mans With what I most enjoy contented Yet in these thoughts myself almostHaply I think on thee - and then myLike to the lark at break of day From sullen earth, sings hymns a

9、t heavensFor thy sweet love remembred such wealth That then I scorn to change my state witheyes,state,cries.fate,hope,possessed,least;despising,state,arisinggate,bringskings.scope,vPetrarchan sonnet has on the whole favored a statement of problem, situation, or incident in the octave, with a resolut

10、ion in the sestet. vThe English sonnet sometimes uses a similar division of material, but often presents a repetition-with-variation of a statement in each of the three quatrains. The final couplet in the English sonnet usually imposes an epigrammatic turn at the end.Difference in Structure Elements

11、 Foot MetreRhythm Linestanza Foot: the basic metrical unit,a part of a line of poetry in which there is one strong beat and one or two weaker beats. 音步音步v Monometer one footv Dimeter two feetv Trimeter three feetv Tetrameter four feetv Pentameter five feetv Hexameter six feetv Heptameter seven feetv

12、 Octameter eight feet Types of Foot Meter: regularized rhythm; an arrangement of language in which the accents occurs at apparently equal intervals in time. 格律，韻律格律，韻律vDuple meter:vIambic (one unstressed + one stressed)vTrochaic (one stressed + one unstressed)vpyrrhic (one unstressed +one unstressed

13、)vTriple meter:vAnapestic (two unstressed + one stressed)vDactylic (one stressed + two unstressed)vSpondaic (two stressed)vMonosyllabic foot (one stressed) Metrical PatterningMetrical patterning:1) Iamb 抑揚(yáng)格抑揚(yáng)格2) Trochee 揚(yáng)抑格揚(yáng)抑格3) Anapest 抑抑揚(yáng)格抑抑揚(yáng)格4) Dactyl 揚(yáng)抑抑格揚(yáng)抑抑格5) Spondee 揚(yáng)揚(yáng)格揚(yáng)揚(yáng)格 6) pyrrhic 抑抑格抑抑格7)

14、 Monosyllabicthe sunwent tointervenecolor of true-blue of the truth Rhythm: a regular repeated pattern of sounds or movements.節(jié)律，節(jié)拍節(jié)律，節(jié)拍 5-foot Iambus (Iambic Pentametre)Shall I compare thee to a summers day ? aThou art more lovely and more temperate. bRough winds do shake the darling buds of may,aA

15、nd summers lease hath all too short a date. bShakespeares Sonnets1609: “ Shakespeares Sonnets. Never before Imprinted 154 sonnets, written between 1593 and 1599.Certain motifs are evident in this sonnet sequence. Three Groups 1-17: on a handsome young man Mr.W. H. 18-126: the idea that the beloved y

16、outh will survive through the poets verse. 127-154: about the “dark lady of the sonnets.Sonnet 18Sometimes too hot the eye of heaven shines And often is his gold complexion dimmed; And every fair from fair sometime declines, By chance or natures changing course untrimmed; Shall I compare thee to a s

17、ummers day? Thou art more lovely and more temperate: Rough winds do shake the darling buds of May, And summers lease hath all too short a date: But thy eternal summer shall not fade, Nor lose possession of that fair thou owst; Nor shall death brag thou wanderst in his shade, When in eternal lines to

18、 time thou growst; So long as men can breathe, or eyes can see, So long lives this, and this gives life to thee.Questions for Discussion1. Who is the speaker? 2. Whats the relationship betwee the speaker and “thee? Why does the speaker compare “thee to a summers day?3. What are the differences betwe

19、en the natural summer and “thy summer?4. What figures of speech can you find in this sonnet?5. What imageries does Shakespeare employ in this sonnet? How do they contribute to theme of the sonnet? 6. Whats the purpose and theme of this sonnet?The speaker of a poem is not necessarily the poet. Freque

20、ntly, the speaker represents a type of person. The speaker might be a poet or a lover of poetrySpeaker?Lovers?Friends?Or intimate Relationship ?What are the features of an English summers day? Mild; beautiful; short;Changeable.ContrstThy summerNatural summerShort Eternal Leased Owst Hot Temperate De

21、cline Rough wind DimmedLovely breath Not fade Deathless Rhetorical question;Metaphor; PersonificationHypoble; Repetitiona. Make the language more figurative and vivid.b. Make the theme more concrete.c. Add depth, richness and clarity to the poem.ImageryvThe representation of sense experience to the

22、imagination through language.v1. visual imagery (sight)v2. auditory imagery (sound)v3. olfactory imagery (smell); v4. gustatory imagery (taste) v5. tactile imagery (touch)v6. kinesthetic imagery (movement or v tension in the muscles or joints).v7. organic imagery (hunger, thirst, fatigue v or nausea

23、)v ImageryvPoets use images not only to create physical experiences but also to establish moods.Rough windDarling budsHot eyeGold complexionvThey make the theme more concrete and concentrated.PurposeShakespeares purpose might be to express the idea that the artistic beauty is eternal and express his

24、 strong love for poetry. to express an emotion, a mood, or an idea. to reveal human nature, to describe a place, to tell a story, to achieve some combination of purposes.PurposeTheme of this sonnet: The beauty of / in poetry is eternal. Theme is the central concept developed in a poem and conveyed t

25、o the readers. It is usually an abstract concept which becomes concrete through the idiom and imagery. 十四行詩十四行詩1818或許我可用夏日將他或許我可用夏日將他作比如，作比如，但他比夏日更得意也但他比夏日更得意也更溫良。更溫良。夏風(fēng)狂作常會(huì)催落五夏風(fēng)狂作常會(huì)催落五月的嬌蕊，月的嬌蕊，夏季的期限也不免還夏季的期限也不免還不太長(zhǎng)。不太長(zhǎng)。有時(shí)候天眼如炬人間有時(shí)候天眼如炬人間炎熱難當(dāng)，炎熱難當(dāng)，但轉(zhuǎn)眼又金面如晦常但轉(zhuǎn)眼又金面如晦常惹云遮霧障。惹云遮霧障。每一種美都終究會(huì)凋每一種美都終究會(huì)凋殘零落

26、，殘零落，或見棄于機(jī)緣，或受挫于或見棄于機(jī)緣，或受挫于天道無常。天道無常。然而他永久的夏季卻不會(huì)然而他永久的夏季卻不會(huì)終止，終止，他優(yōu)美的籠統(tǒng)也永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)他優(yōu)美的籠統(tǒng)也永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)消亡，消亡，死神難夸口說他在它的羅死神難夸口說他在它的羅網(wǎng)中游蕩，網(wǎng)中游蕩，只因他借我的詩行便可長(zhǎng)只因他借我的詩行便可長(zhǎng)壽無疆。壽無疆。只需人口能呼吸，人眼看只需人口能呼吸，人眼看得清，得清，我這詩就長(zhǎng)存，使他萬世我這詩就長(zhǎng)存，使他萬世留芳。留芳。1414行詩行詩1818v能不能讓我把他比作夏日能不能讓我把他比作夏日？ v他可是更加得意，更加溫他可是更加得意，更加溫婉；婉；v狂風(fēng)會(huì)吹落五月里開的好狂風(fēng)會(huì)吹落五月里開的好花兒

27、，花兒，v夏季租出的日子又不免太夏季租出的日子又不免太短暫：短暫：v有時(shí)候蒼天的巨眼照得太有時(shí)候蒼天的巨眼照得太灼熱，灼熱， v他那金彩的神色也會(huì)被遮他那金彩的神色也會(huì)被遮暗；暗；v每一樣美呀，總會(huì)分開美每一樣美呀，總會(huì)分開美而凋落，而凋落，v被時(shí)機(jī)或者自然的代謝所被時(shí)機(jī)或者自然的代謝所催殘；催殘；v但是他永久的夏天決不會(huì)但是他永久的夏天決不會(huì)凋枯，凋枯，v他永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)失去他美的籠他永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)失去他美的籠統(tǒng)；統(tǒng)；v死神夸不著他在他影子里死神夸不著他在他影子里躑躅，躑躅，v他將在不朽的詩中與時(shí)間他將在不朽的詩中與時(shí)間同長(zhǎng)；同長(zhǎng)；v只需人類在呼吸，眼睛看只需人類在呼吸，眼睛看的見，的見，v我這詩就活著

28、，使他的生我這詩就活著，使他的生命綿延。命綿延。v 屠岸屠岸 譯譯Sonnet 29vWhen, in disgrace with Fortune and mens eyes,vI all alone beweep my outcast state,vAnd trouble deaf heaven with my bootless cries.vAnd look upon myself, and curse my fate,vWishing me like to one more rich in hope,vFeatured like him, like him with friends po

29、ssessed,vDesiring this mans art and that mans scope,vWith what I most enjoy contented least;vYet in these thoughts myself almost despising,vHaply I think on thee - and then my state,vLike to the lark at break of day arisingvFrom sullen earth, sings hymns at heavens gate,vFor thy sweet love remembred

30、 such wealth bringsvThat then I scorn to change my state with kings.十四行詩十四行詩2929v面對(duì)命運(yùn)的丟棄，世人的面對(duì)命運(yùn)的丟棄，世人的冷眼，冷眼，v我唯有單獨(dú)把飄零的身世我唯有單獨(dú)把飄零的身世哀嘆。哀嘆。v我曾徒然地呼喚聾耳的蒼我曾徒然地呼喚聾耳的蒼天，天，v詛咒本人的時(shí)運(yùn)，顧影自詛咒本人的時(shí)運(yùn)，顧影自憐。憐。v我但愿，愿襟懷千般希望我但愿，愿襟懷千般希望，v愿有顏如玉，有三朋六友愿有顏如玉，有三朋六友相周旋；相周旋；v愿有人才蓋世，有文才斐愿有人才蓋世，有文才斐然，然，v唯對(duì)本人的優(yōu)點(diǎn)，偏偏看輕唯對(duì)本人的優(yōu)點(diǎn)，偏偏看輕看淡。看淡。v我正耽與這種妄