專業(yè)英語八級-閱讀理解(六)

1、專業(yè)英語八級 -閱讀理解 （六） （ 總分： 20.00 ，做題時間： 90 分鐘 ） 一、 Text A （ 總題數： 1，分數： 5.00） The Great Lyme Debate Theres a debate raging over Lyme disease, although youd never know it unless youve been paying close attention because on the surface it sounds like the dullest argument imaginable. Last year, the Infectio

2、us Diseases Society of America issued new guidelines saying physicians should treat Lyme with antibiotics for no longer than 30 days. Some docs think thats wrong. Its a seemingly straightforward difference of opinion. So why has the debate dissolved into animosity, with one side suggesting that its

3、opponents have no credibility and the other slinging deeply personal insults on the Web? And why has it now spilled out of medical journals and onto the office of a state attorney general? Clearly, something other than ticks is bugging a lot of doctors. Lyme disease the most commoninsect-borne ailme

4、nt in America, with roughly 20,000 cases diagnosed each year and more undetected is transmitted mostly by a well-known pest, the deer tick. But the real culprit is something even nastier, a bacterium called Borrelia burgdorferi that lives in the ticks gut. When Borrelia infiltrates the human body, i

5、t can cause a suite of distinctive symptoms, most notably a flulike feeling and a red rash like a bulls-eye. Sometimes, though, it causes no symptoms at all, and thats more dangerous, because the early signs are the only warnings doctors have. If Lyme is left undiagnosed and untreated, its consequen

6、ces can be serious, including arthritis, meningitis, heart problems and inflammation of the brain. The real secret, says Dr. Michael Zimring, director of the Center for Wilderness and Travel Medicine at Mercy Medical Center in Baltimore, is to be able to recognize the disease early enough. Zimring w

7、ould know. Several years ago his wife felt fluish and came down with an oval- shaped rash. Zimring wasnt sure what she had, but knowing our backyard is loaded with ticks was enough, he says. He started his wife right away on one of the classic, effective antibiotics used to treat Lyme. When her medi

8、cal tests came back, they proved him right. I treated her for three weeks, he says, and that was it. No problem. Unfortunately, not all Lyme patients recover so easily. And thats whats at the heart of the debate some docs think patients who are treated inadequately can develop a chronic form of the

9、disease, while others deny that its possible. Dr. Rafael Stricter, president of the International Lyme and Associated Diseases Society, believes in chronic Lyme disease, and he says that in his clinical experience about 70 percent of patients with it get better if theyre treated long term with the s

10、ame drugs used to treat early infection. But the doctors who made the new IDSA guidelines on treatment say theres no such thing as chronic Lyme, because in most patients who complain of it, Borrelia isnt detectable in the body. Dr. Gary Wormser, who chaired the IDSA panel, prefers the term post-Lyme

11、 syndrome. Treating that syndrome with high-dose antibiotics for months as some physicians did before the new guidelines can only hurt patients, he says. It can give them gallstones and infections and lead to antibiotic resistance while not curing anything. The majority of patients treated for chron

12、ic Lyme do not have post-Lyme, he says, and in fact never, ever had Lyme disease at all. This does not sit well with thousands of patients who believe they do have chronic Lyme and badly want antibiotic treatment for it. The IDSA is basically saying to them, Were right, youre wrong, we dont want to

13、listen to you, just take some antidepressants and go away, says Stricker. The IDSA is a highly respected group of doctors. But its facing formidable opposition, not just from Strickers group （and angry patients whove taken to Internet message boards） but also from the attorney generals office in Con

14、necticut, the state with the countrys highest incidence of Lyme disease. A.G. Richard Blumenthal has launched an investigation of the IDSA panel, looking into whether it ignored any research that would support long-term antibiotic treatment (the guidelines cite more than 400 studies). Our question b

15、asically is whether the guidelines were formulated through a process that was proper, without self-interest or conflicts of interest, Blumenthal says, noting that some of the panel members have financial interests in treatments and vaccines. Blumenthal also worries that the new guidelines might be u

16、sed by insurance companies looking to avoid paying for Lyme drugs. The investigation is at an important juncture, he says. Meanwhile, Wormser is baffled. How could the interests of the patient be served by treating with unnecessary and potentially dangerous therapies? he says. The guidelines represe

17、nt the best that medical science has to offer. The question, then, is whether thats good enough. (分數： 5.00 ) (1) _ .The word animosity in the first paragraph means . (分數： 1.00 ) A. hostility V B. harmony C. hospitality D. agreement 解析：由第一段可知，辯論的一方認為對手毫無可信性而言，而另一方則將針對個人的侮辱掛在網上，說 明正常的辯論已經演變成了一場充滿敵意的辯論

18、。因此，結合所給詞匯，只有 A正確。 (2) .According to the passage, which of the following statements is NOTtrue about the Lyme disease? (分數： 1.00 ) A. It can be detected easily. V B. Patients who get it feel like flu. C. It can be cured if recognized early enough. D. Zimring thinks Antibiotics is effective in treati

19、ng it. 解析：由第二段可知，得 Lyme病的人有時身體沒有任何癥狀，因此很難被診斷出來，從而錯過了治愈的最 佳機會。得了 Lyme病的人會出現流感癥狀(B)，如果及早被識別出來，該病是可以治愈的 (C)。Zimring 博 士認為抗生素治療 Lyme病很有效(D)。故 A為正確答案。 (3) .Which of the following statements is NOTtrue according to the chairperson of the IDSA panel? (分數： 1.00 ) A. There is not a chronic form of Lyme disea

20、se. B. Borrelia is not detectable in most patients who are said to have Lyme disease. C. The majority of patients treated for chronic Lyme do not have Lyme disease. D. Treating Lyme disease with high-dose antibiotics can lead to meningitis and heart problems. V 解析：由第四段可知，領導小組的 Wormser 博士認為，沒有一種慢性的 L

21、yme病(A)，在大多數認為患有 Lyme 病的人體內就沒有發(fā)現名為 Borrelia 的細菌(B)，而且大部分按照慢性 Lyme病接受治療的病人根本就沒有 得過所謂的 Lyme病(C)。如果用大劑量的抗生素來治療 Lyme病，會使病人患上膽結石和感染等癥狀， 并導 致抗生素耐藥，而不是腦膜炎或心臟病，故 D 為正確答案。 (4) .According to the passage, who is not opposed to the guidelines issued by the IDSA? (分數： 1.00 ) A. Dr. Rafael Stricker. B. Dr. Gary W

22、ormser. V C. A.G. Richard Blumenthal. D. Patients who think they have chronic Lym 解析：Stricker 博士是國際 Lyme病及相關疾病協會的總裁， 他認為 Lyme病可轉為慢性病，因此反對 IDSA 頒布的指導方針(A)，Wormser 作為 IDSA小組的負責人自然不會反對該組織頒布的指導方針， Blumenthal 作為美國 Lyme病高發(fā)地的康涅狄格州的總檢察長已經開始了對 IDSA 的調查，說明他反對該組織頒布的指 導方針(C)，那些認為患有 Lyme病的人需要抗生素的治療，因此也反對新的指導方針(D

23、)。故 B為正確答案。 （5）.According to the passage, the following statements worry Richard Blumenthal with the EXCEPTION of （分數： 1.00 ） A. Some panel members have interests in treatments and vaccines. B. The patients are treated with unnecessary and potentially dangerous drugs. V C. The IDSA might ignore rese

24、arch that supports long-term antibiotic treatment. D. Insurance companies might refuse to pay for Lyme drugs due to the guidelines. 解析：由第五段可知， 康涅狄格州總檢察長開始了對 IDSA 小組的調查， 因為該小組可能忽略了支持長期使 用抗生素來治愈 Lyme病的研究（C）,有些小組成員在治療和疫苗方面涉及經濟利益 （A）,保險公司也有可能 根據新的指導方針來拒絕支付治療 Lyme病的費用（D）。故 B為正確答案。 二、 Text B （ 總題數： 1，分數：

25、5.00） The Democrats Trade Troubles Last week House speaker Nancy Pelosi and Congressman Charles Rangel showed genuine leadership by making a deal with the Bush administration to ease the passage of new trade pacts. But they did so from within a party that is going seriously awry on this issue. Too m

26、anyDemocrats, including most of their presidential candidates, simply wish the subject would go away. This is a bad strategy for the party and for the country. Bill Clintons most important. political achievement was to transform the image of the Democratic Party into one that was in favor of growth,

27、 markets and trade. Clinton supported and articulated a powerful defense for the North American Free Trade Agreement, the World Trade Organization and commerce with China, amongmany such issues. He spoke confidently of the promise and opportunities of a globalized world. When you talk with elected D

28、emocrats now, they could not sound more different. Far too many of them are parochial, pessimistic and paranoid about the global economy. Globalization and technological change produce real anxieties for many people in the developed world. But the basic facts are incontestable: over the past 20 year

29、s, as these forces have accelerated, the United States has benefited enormously. Its companies have dominated the new global economic order; its consumers have reaped the lions share of the resulting price reductions. America has grown faster than any large industrial economy during these years: ove

30、r the past two decades, American per capita GDP has roughly doubled. The median income of a family of four rose 23 percent between 1985 and 2005. There are serious problems of dislocation and rising inequality and Ill return to these but that there have been substantial gains is indisputable. U.S. u

31、nemployment stands today at a stunningly low 4.4 percent, about half that of many large European economies. In this context it is almost bizarre to listen to the fears of so many Democrats （and increasingly some Republicans）. The Central American Free Trade Agreement, which has almost no effect on t

32、he $13 trillion American economy but is a huge benefit to the countries in the region, passed the Senate with little Democratic support. Nowtrade pacts with three Latin American countries Panama, Peru and Colombia have been loaded down with amendments, and even so will face opposition from many Demo

33、crats. Again, this is a deal that will have almost no impact on us but is hugely important to three crucial allies. Its true that the pace of change is fast and often frightening. And it can cause real pain for real people. But we cant solve this by slowing down or shutting off trade. What advanced

34、economy in history that has closed itself off from the world has prospered? Would Detroits automakers have been better off if they had never been exposed to international competition? Perhaps the outsourcing of service jobs today is different. But for the past 50 years America has outsourced manufac

35、turing jobs and yet the economy and personal income and our standards of living have kept growing robustly. Whyis it different if the person exposed to international competition now wears a tie? The current Democratic approach to these issues is misguided. Loading trade pacts with environmental and

36、labor standards is ineffective, unless the aim is to sink them. It will not really change the fact of low-wage competition from poor countries. And, most important, it doesnt really help American workers to prosper in the long term. What America needs is a new way to tackle trade. It is a C-and-T ag

37、enda: cushion and train. The government should help people to weather the shocks of this roller-coaster ride, and it should help train them to be better equipped for the next round of global competition. We do very little of this today. When someone loses his job in America, he loses his health care

38、 and pension. Imagine if that didnt happen and it doesnt in other rich countries would that worker be as terrified of change? And then imagine if he took a series of retraining and education courses to prepare him for a new job or career. These two shock absorbers would better equip the average Amer

39、ican to face a world of global competition. It would ease the genuine anxieties that people have about trade and build durable political support for expanding the world economy rather than walling us in. Its a more sensible solution than China bashing, bogus labor standards and protectionist subsidi

40、es. Its a New Deal for trade. Now is any Democrat willing to say that? （分數： 5.00 ） （1）.Which of the following statements is NOT true about the first paragraph? （分數： 1.00 ） A. Nancy Pelosi and Charles Rangel are Republicans. V B. The Democratic Party is an obstacle to the passage of new trade pacts.

41、C. The Democratic Party and the Republican Party are diverse in their opinions of trade. D. What Nancy Pelosi and Charles Rangel did was against the will of the majority of Democrats. 解析：第一段的第二句說他們來自一個在這一問題上嚴重錯誤的政黨，第三句緊接著說有太多的民主黨人 希望此事會自動消失。因此，可知南希佩洛西和查爾斯蘭赫爾來自民主黨。故 A為正確答案。 （2） .Which of the followin

42、g statements is NOTtrue about the Democrats idea of the global economy? （分數： 1.00 ） A. Bill Clinton was in favor of the global economy. B. A large number of Democrats fear globalization and technological change. C. Democratic leaders agree with Bill Clinton on the idea of the global economy. V D. Fr

43、ee trade with Central America will meet with opposition from many Democrats. 解析：第二段說明了克林頓支持全球化經濟 （A） 而其他民主黨人對全球化經濟所持的狹隘、 悲觀和偏執(zhí)的看 法。第四段首句說民主黨人害怕全球化經濟和技術革新 （B），因此會反對與中美洲國家的自由貿易 （D）。由 此得出，民主黨領導人與克林頓在全球化經濟這一問題上觀點不一。故 C為正確答案。 （3） .According to the passage, the Democrats would prefer the following solutio

44、ns to trade EXCEPT _ . （分數： 1.00 ） A. To slow down trade. B. To load trade pacts with labor standards. C. To better equip workers to face competition. V D. To load trade pacts with environmental standards. 解析：第五段和第六段說明了民主黨在對待貿易上的一些錯誤做法， 如放慢貿易的速度 （A） ，給貿易條約附 加上勞動標準（B）和環(huán)境標準（D），而不是幫助工人做好準備來面對競爭 （C）。故 C

45、為正確答案。 （4） .According to the passage, the American government should do the following to solve trade problems with the EXCEPTION of _ . （分數： 1.00 ） A. easing anxieties that people have about trade B. providing retraining and education courses to workers C. providing health care and pension to worker

46、s out of work D. protecting the American economy from foreign competition V 解析：在文章的最后兩段，作者談到了美國政府應如何解決貿易問題。例如，緩解人們對貿易的擔憂 （A） ， 給工人提供再訓練和教育課程 （B） ，給失業(yè)工人提供醫(yī)療和養(yǎng)老金 （C） ，而不是保護美國經濟不受來自國外 競爭的影響（D）。故 D為正確答案。 (5) .According to the passage, which of the following statements is NOT true? ( A. America has outso

47、urced manufacturing jobs for the past 50 years. B. The Democrats are liberal on flee trade and international competition. C. The government should reform the policies on health care and pension. V D. American economy has developed fast owing to international competition. 解析：在過去的 50 年里，美國已實現了制造業(yè)的外包，但

48、本國的經濟沒有受到任何影響 (A) 。美國工人對 變革的擔憂來自醫(yī)療和養(yǎng)老金制度的不健全，如果想改變這種狀況， 就要改革醫(yī)療和養(yǎng)老金政策 (B) 。第五 段說明，世界范圍的競爭使美國經濟迅速發(fā)展 (D) 。全文談論的是民主黨人對于自由貿易和國際競爭的態(tài)度， 他們抱著狹隘、悲觀和偏執(zhí)的態(tài)度，而非開明的態(tài)度，故 B是錯誤的，C應為正確答案。 三、 Text C ( 總題數： 1，分數： 5.00) When Tony Blair was elected to Britains House of Commons in 1983, he was just 30, the Labour Partys y

49、oungest M.R Labour had just fought and lost a disastrous election campaign on a far-left platform, and Margaret Thatcher, fresh from 分數： 1.00 ) her victory in the Falklands War, was in her pomp. The opposition to Thatcher was limited to a few ancient warhorses and a handful of bright young things. B

50、lair, boyish Blair, quickly became one of the best of the breed. Nobody would call Blair, 54 on May 6, boyish today. His face is older and beaten up, his reputation in shreds. Very soon, he will announce the timetable for his departure from office. In a recent poll for the Observer newspaper, just 6

51、% of Britons said they found Blair trustworthy, compared with 43% who thought the opposite. In Britain as in much of the rest of the world Blair is considered an unpopular failure. Ive been watching Blair practically since he entered politics at first close up from the House of Commonspress gallery,

52、 later from thousands of miles away. In nearly a quarter-century, I have never come across a public figure who more consistently asked the important questions about the relationships between individuals, communities and governments or who thought more deeply about how we should conduct ourselves in

53、an interconnected world in which loyalties of nationality, ethnicity and religion continue to run deep. Blairs personal standing in the eyes of the British public may never recover, but his ideas, especially in foreign policy, will long outlast him. Britons (who have and expect an intensely personal

54、 relationship with their politician) love to grumble about their lot and their leaders, especially if like Blair theyve been around for a decade. So you would never guess from a few hours down the pub how much better a place Britain is now than it was a decade ago. Its more prosperous, its healthier

55、, its better educated, andwith all the inevitable caveats about disaffected young Muslim men it is the European nation most comfortable with the multicultural future that is the fate of all of them. It would be foolish to give all the credit for the state of this blessed plot to Blair but equally fo

56、olish to deny him any of it. In todays climate, however, this counts for naught compared with the blame that Blair attracts for ensnaring Britain in the fiasco of Iraq. As the Bush Administration careered from a war in Afghanistan to one in Iraq, with Blair always in support, it became fashionable t

57、o say the Prime Minister had become the Presidents poodle. This attack both misreads history and misunderstands Blair. Long before 9/11 shook up conventional thinking in foreig, n affairs, Blair had come by two beliefs he still holds: First, that it is wrong for the rest of the world to sit back and

58、 expect the U.S. to solve the really tough questions. Second, that some things a state does within its borders justify intervention even if they do not directly threaten another nations interests. Blair understood that today any countrys problems could quickly spread. As he said in a speech in 2004,

59、 Before Sept. 11, I was already reaching for a different philosophy in international relations from a traditional one that has held sway since the Treaty of Westphalia in 1648 namely, that a countrys internal affairs are for it and you dont interfere unless it threatens you, or breaches a treaty, or

60、 triggers an obligation of alliance. Blairs thinking crystallized during the Kosovo crisis in 1999. For Blair, the actions of Serbian leader Slobodan Milosevic were so heinous that they demanded a response. There was nothing particularly artful about the way he put this. In an interview with Blair f