獨(dú)立主格用法詳解

1、獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)是一個(gè)名詞或代詞(作為邏輯主語)，加上一個(gè)形容詞、副詞、介詞短語、分詞、不定 式等在句中作狀語。它有以下三個(gè)特點(diǎn)：(1)結(jié)構(gòu)的邏輯主語與句子的主語不同，它獨(dú)立存在。(2)名詞或代詞與后面的形容詞、副詞、介詞短語、分詞、不定式等存在邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系。(3)獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)一般用逗號(hào)與主句分開，但與主句之間不能使用任何連接詞。二、英語中，的形式是：名詞或代詞跟形容詞、副詞、介詞短語、非謂語動(dòng)詞連在一起，構(gòu)成。1 . 名詞/ 代詞 + 不定式。如：A house to be built, we must save every cent. 由于要建一座房子，我們必須節(jié)省每一分錢。Now her

2、e is Li Lei, Wei Fang to come tomorrow. 現(xiàn)在李蕾來了，魏方明天到。2 .名詞/ 代詞 + -ing 分詞。如：The bus coming here soon, we should get everything ready. 汽車很快就要來了，我們應(yīng)該把一切事情準(zhǔn)備好。Mother being ill, Li Lei was very worried. 母親病了，李蕾非常焦急。3 .名詞/ 代詞 + 動(dòng)詞的過去分詞。如：His cup broken, he used his bowl instead. 茶杯破了，他就用碗來代替。4 .名詞/ 代詞+ 形容

3、詞。如：The ground muddy, we should be careful. 地面濘泥，我們應(yīng)該小心。5 .名詞/ 代詞+ 副詞。如：The class over, we all went out to play. 下課后，我們都出去玩。6 .Glasses in his hand, he asked where his glasses were. 手里拿著眼鏡，他問他的眼鏡哪去了。三、在句子中作狀語，表示時(shí)間、原因、條件和伴隨等情況。1 . 作時(shí)間狀語School over, the students went home. 放學(xué)后，學(xué)生們都回家了。The ceremony ende

4、d, the games began. 儀式結(jié)束后，比賽開始了。2 .作條件狀語It being fine tomorrow, we ll go 如果明天天氣好的話，我們就去劃船。boating.Li Lei coming, it is not necessary to ask Wu Dong. 如果李蕾來的話，就沒有必要叫吳東了。3 .作原因狀語The meeting being put off, we needn由于會(huì)議推遲了，我們就沒有必要匆忙了。 t hurry.Mr. Li being ill, Miss Yang will give us this lesson instead.

5、李老師病了，楊老師將代他來給我們上這堂 課。4 .作伴隨狀語Mr. Li comes here,a book in his hand. 李先生手里拿著書過來了。A smile on her face, she asked what she could do for us. 她面帶微笑問道我們要什么。1. 獨(dú)立主格與狀語從句的轉(zhuǎn)換當(dāng)狀語從句的主語與主句的主語不是指同一個(gè)對(duì)象時(shí)，可用取代狀語從句，但不再保留連詞。如：After class was over (=Class being over / Class over), the students soon left the classroom.

6、 下課后， 學(xué)生很快 離開了教室。2. 不能省略being (having been) 的情形在下列兩種情況下，獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)中的being(或having been)不能省略：(1)的邏輯主語是代詞時(shí)。如：It being Sunday, we went to church. 因?yàn)槭切瞧谔?，我們?nèi)チ俗龆Y拜。(2)在There being名詞的結(jié)構(gòu)中。如：There being no bus, we had to go home on foot. 因?yàn)闆]有公共汽車，所以我們不得不步行回家。3. 獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)沒有所有格形式The chief-editor arriving, we began th

7、e meeting. 主編來了，我們開始開會(huì)。比較動(dòng)名詞復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)：The chief- editor s arriving made us very surprised.4.獨(dú)立主格的時(shí)態(tài)問題作時(shí)間或原因狀語時(shí)，可用完成時(shí)，表示該動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語之前。如：The listeners having taken their seats, the concert began.聽眾坐好后，音樂會(huì)開始了。Tom having been late over and over, his boss was very disappointed. 由于湯姆一再遲到，他的老板非常失 望。類型 1： 名詞(代詞)+現(xiàn)在

8、分詞The question being settled, we went home. 問題解決之后，我們就回家了。We shall play the match tomorrow, weather permitting. 明天假設(shè)天氣好，我們就進(jìn)行比賽。The monitor being ill, we d better put the me班長病了，我們最好還是延期開會(huì)吧。eting off.類型2： 名詞（代詞）+過去分詞The job finished, we went home. 工作結(jié)束后我們就回家了。The last bus having gone, we had to walk

9、 home. 最后一班公車已經(jīng)走了，我們必須走路回家。More time given, we should have done the job much better. 如果給我們更多的時(shí)間，我們會(huì)把工作做得更 好。類型3： 名詞（代詞）+不定式Nobody to come tomorrow, we will have to put off the meeting till next week. 如果明天沒有人來，我們將把會(huì)議推遲到下周。So many people to help him, he is sure to succeed.有如此多的人來幫助他，他一定會(huì)成功的。類型4： 名詞（代詞

10、）+介詞短語The soldiers dashed in, rifle in hand. 士兵們端著槍沖了進(jìn)來。A girl came in, book in hand. 一個(gè)少女進(jìn)來了，手里拿著書。He was waiting, his eyes on her back. 他在等著，眼睛望著她的背影。類型5： 名詞（代詞）+形容詞或副詞He sat in the front row, his mouth half open. 他坐在前排，嘴半開著。She sat at the table, collar off, head down, and pen in position, ready t

11、o begin the long letter. 她坐在桌前，衣 領(lǐng)已解掉，頭低了下來，拿好鋼筆，準(zhǔn)備開始寫一封長信。類型6： There being + 名詞（代詞）There being nothing else to do, we went home. 沒有別的事可做，我們就回家了。There being no further business, I declare the meeting closed. 沒有再要討論的事了，我宣布散會(huì)。類型7： It being + 名詞（代詞）It being Christmas, the government offices were closed

12、. 由于圣誕節(jié)的緣故，政府機(jī)關(guān)都休息。It being a holiday, all the shops were shut. 由于今天是假日，所有商店都關(guān)門了。比較： 與 with 合結(jié)構(gòu)。如：Don t sleep with the windows open.別開著窗睡覺。He stood before his teacher with his head down. 他低著頭站在老師面前。He was lying on the bed with all his clothes on. 他和衣躺在床上。She came in.她手里拿著一本書走了進(jìn)來。He fell asleep with

13、the lamp burning. 他沒熄燈就睡著了。I won t be able to go on holiday with my mother being ill.因?yàn)閶寢層胁?，我無法去度假。He sat there with his eyes closed. 他閉目坐在那兒。All the afternoon he worked with the door locked. 整個(gè)下午他都鎖著門在房里工作。I can t go out with all these clothes to was要洗這些衣服，我無法出去了。 h.獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)考題小練1.I have a lot of book

14、s, half of novels.A . which B. thatC. whom D.them2 .more and more forests destroyed, many animals are facing the danger of dying out.A . becauseB. asC. With D. Since3 .The bus was crowded with passengers going home from market, most of carrying heavy bagsand baskets full of fruit and vegetables they

15、 had bought there.A . themB. whoC. whom D. which4 .The largest collection ever found in England was one of about 200,000 silver pennies, all of over600 years old.A . which B.thatC.themD.it5 .The cave very dark, he lit some candles light.A . was; givenB.was; to give C.being; given D. being; to give6

16、.The soldier rushed into the cave, his right hand a gun and his face with sweat.A held; coveredB.holding; covering C.holding; covered D. held; covering7 .The girl in the snapshot was smiling sweetly, her long hair .A .flowed in the breeze B.was flowing in the breezeC.were flowing in the breeze D. fl

17、owing in the breeze8 .The children went home from the grammar school, their lessons for the day.A . finishing B. finished C.had finished D. were finished9.On Sundays there were a lot of children playing in the park, parents seated together joking.A . theirB. whoseC. which D.that10 .The Smiths are ri

18、ch and they have three cars, one a Toyota, Land Rover of the latest.A . anotherB.otherC.the otherD. the others【答案與解析】11 D 。 half of them novels 為結(jié)構(gòu)，相當(dāng)于and half of them are novels 。12 C?？疾椤?with + 名詞 + 過去分詞”結(jié)構(gòu)。3 . A。 most of them carrying. 為獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)，相當(dāng)于and most of them were carrying. ，也可改為：most of whom

19、 were carrying 。注意改動(dòng)后連詞and 的使用和動(dòng)詞were 的使用。4 . C。 all of them over 600 years old 為獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)，相當(dāng)于and all of them are over 600 years old 。5 .D。第一空填being，構(gòu)成獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)；第二空填不定式表目的。6 .C。， his right hand 與 hold 有主謂關(guān)系，故用holding, 而 his face 與 cover 是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，故用covered.7 .D。 her long hair 與 flowing 是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，這是“”作狀語。8 .B 。 因

20、lessons 與動(dòng)詞 finish 之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故要用過去分詞。其實(shí)， their lessons finished for the day為。9 . A。此題容易誤選B，認(rèn)為這是非限制性定語從句。其實(shí)，句中的their parents seated together joking不是非限制性定語從句，而是一個(gè)獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)，因?yàn)榭崭窈蟮膭?dòng)詞seated不是謂語，而是一個(gè)過去分詞，因?yàn)閟eat作動(dòng)詞用時(shí)，是及物動(dòng)詞。10 .D 。易誤選C。后面部分實(shí)際上是獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)形式，省略了being。補(bǔ)充完整就是：The Smiths arerich and they have three cars

21、, one being a Toyota, the others being Land Rover of the latest. （ 兩個(gè)均表伴隨狀語）獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)練習(xí)1 .Theweather _ fine,theydecidedtogooutforawalk.A.were B.was C.is D.being2 . Thecompositiongivenbytheteacher_,AlicewenttowatchTV.A.beingdonewell B.hasbeendonewell C.havingdonewell D.donewell3 .Thelastplane_,theyhadto

22、stayinthehotelforanothernight.A.left B.havingleft C.havingbeenleft D.beleaving1.1 tisabeautifulvillagewithamountainit.A.Surrounded B.surrounding C.havingsurrounded D.havingbeensurrounded5 .Everything_intoconsideration,hisworkiswelldone.A.taking B.takenC.hasbeentaken D.beingtaken6 .Allhiswork_,heleft

23、hisofficeatease.A.finished B.hadbeenfinished C.finishing D.tofinish7 . Thepowerstationwasbuiltontheriverwithourvillageandsomeothers_withelectricity.A.tosupply B.supplied C.supplying D.havingsupplied8 .fiveminutesbeforethelasttrainleft, wearrivedat thestation.A.Therebeing;togo B.Itwas;left C.Ithad;left D.Therewas;togo9 .Christmas,th