三一口語6級——fashion

1、如文檔對您有幫助，歡迎下載支持，謝謝!Fashion:一. Grammar（一）if引導(dǎo)的條件句中的虛擬語氣虛擬語氣表示一種不能實現(xiàn)的假設(shè)。該語法主要用于if條件狀語從句。if引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句的分類及虛擬條件句的判斷1、可以把條件句分為兩類：1） .真實條件句：凡是假設(shè)的情況發(fā)生性可能很大，就是真實條件旬。例如：、If I have time , I will help you with this work.如果我有時間會幫助你做此工作的。、 As long as I say anything wrong, you must point it out.只要我說了什么錯話， 你定要指出來。、I

2、f time permits, we'll go fishing together.（如果有時間的話，我們就一起去釣魚。）2） .虛擬條件旬：當(dāng)假設(shè)是不大可能實現(xiàn)時，就是虛擬條件旬。例如：、If I were you , I would have attended the meeting.如果我是你的話，就去參加會議了。、If he had come here yesterday, he would have seen his old friend.假如他昨天來這兒的話，就會看見他的老朋友。、If it had rained yesterday, we would have staye

3、d at home. （如果昨天下雨的話，我們就會留在 家里。）2、 .if條件狀語從句中虛擬語氣的判斷判斷是真實條件句還是非真實條件何。只有在非真實條件句中才使用虛擬語氣。通過句子意思，看假設(shè)的條件是否能夠?qū)崿F(xiàn)，能夠?qū)崿F(xiàn)是真實條件句，不能使用虛擬語氣；假設(shè)的條件不能實現(xiàn)則是非真 實條件旬，要用虛擬語氣。判斷這個假設(shè)是與哪個事實相反。通常有三種情況：與過去事實相反。與現(xiàn)在事實相反。與將來事實可能相反。3、后退一步法”后退一步法是指在準(zhǔn)確地判斷了該句與哪一事實相反后，按虛擬語氣的后退一步法處理從何謂語動詞的時態(tài)。即：在非真實條件狀語從句中，謂語動詞按正常情況后退一步”。也就是：與過去事實相反，在

4、從句中用過去完成時形式表示。與現(xiàn)在事實相反，在從句中用過去一般時形式表示。與將來事實可能相反，在從句中用過去將來時形式表示。主句中則用情態(tài)動詞 would, should, could 等加一個與從何一致的動詞形式。例：、If I had come her yesterday, I would have seen him.、If I were a teacher, I would be strict with my students.、If it should snow tomorrow, they couldn't go out.4、注意事項if條件句中如有were, should,

5、 had ,可以省去if,并使用倒裝語序。在現(xiàn)代英語中if條件狀與從句中的謂語動詞如果是be其過去形式一般用were。虛擬語氣在if引導(dǎo)的條件句中的用法：（一）、表示與現(xiàn)在事實相反的情況。其句子結(jié)構(gòu)為：從旬：if + 主語+動詞的過去式（be用were） + 主句：主語 + would （should, could , might） + 動詞原形 + :1.If I were you, I would go with him.2.1 f the weather were fine, I would go there.如果天氣好，我去那兒。（事實天氣不好）3.If I were you, I w

6、ould read it again.如果我是你的話，我再讀一遍。（事實上我不是你）4.If time permitted, I would write it again.如果時間允許的話，我再寫一遍。（事實上時間不允許）5.If it weren ' t snowing, we wouldn ' t stay in the house.要是現(xiàn)在不下雪的話，我們就不會待在屋里。（事實上現(xiàn)在下雪）6.What would I do if I were in your place?要是我處于你地位我會怎么辦？（事實上我不在你的位置上）7.If he hurried, he coul

7、d catch the first bus.他要是快點能夠趕上頭班公共汽車。（可是他不著急）8.If it weren ' t for your help, we would get into trouble.如果沒有你們的幫助，我們就會陷入困境。（而事實上得到了你們的幫助）1.1 f we had the manpower, we could open up even more land.如果有人力我們還能開更多的荒地.10. If I were you, I would go with him.（從旬 If I were you, 主句 I would go with him.）1

8、1. If I were you, I should buy it.（從何用過去式動詞were,主句用動詞原形buy）12. If I had time, I would study French.（如果有時間，我會學(xué)習(xí)法文。）（從句用過去式動詞had ,主句用動詞原形study ）13. If she knew English, she would not ask me for help.（如果她懂英文，她就不必要我?guī)土?。）（從何用過去式動詞knew,主句用動詞原形ask）如文檔對您有幫助，歡迎下載支持，謝謝！注意：如果動作在進行中，主句要用："主語+ would be +進行式動

9、詞+ "14. If they were here, he would be speaking to them now.（從何用過去式動詞 were,主句用would be speaking）（二）if和whether 的區(qū)別相同之處。1 .whether和if都能引導(dǎo)賓語從何，常置于 see,ask,learn,tell,wonder,doubtfind out等動詞之后。如：He asked me whether/is I could help him. I want to know whether/if he lives there.2 .whether 和 if 者B可用 i

10、t 作形式主語從句中。如：it's uncertain whether/if he'll come this evening.3 .在be uncertain/doubtful 之后，常用whether引導(dǎo)賓語從何，有時也可以用if,如：We are uncertain whether/if Mary will come.二、不同之處。1 .whether 可置于句首引導(dǎo)主語從何，而 if 不能。如：the 2000 Olympic Games will be in Beijingis not known yet. A.whether B.If C.Whether D.That

11、 答案是 C。2 .whether可用在介詞之后，引導(dǎo)賓語從句，而If則不能。如：Success depends on whether we make evough effort.3 .whether 可弓I導(dǎo)表語從句，if 貝不能。如： The puestion is whether it is not worthdoing.4 .在名詞之后引導(dǎo)同位語從何時，用 whether而不用if。如：The puestion whether the students answered correctly should be decided by the teacher.5 .whether 后可接不

12、定式， 而 if 不能。如： Please tell us whether to go or stay here.6 .在有些動詞（如discuss）之后，只能用whether ,而不用if引導(dǎo)賓語從句。如：We discussed whether we should close the shop.7 .在引導(dǎo)否定概念in賓語從何時，只能用if,而不用whether.如：he asked me if I hadn't finished my work.I dont know whether he will go. 可以第三節(jié)情態(tài)動詞用法1. can （could）1）表示能力，coul

13、d主要指過去時間。Two eyes can see more than one. 兩只眼比一只眼看得清。Could the girl read before she went to school?這女孩上學(xué)前能識字嗎？2）表示可能（理論上或是邏輯判斷上）。The temperature can fall to-60 C , that is 60 C below freezing.如文檔對您有幫助，歡迎下載支持，謝謝!氣溫可降至-60 C,也就是零下60 c。He can 't (couldn t)'have enough money for a new car.他不可能有足夠的

14、錢買新車。You mustn t smoke while you re Walking around in the wood. You could start a fire.在林子里走時勿吸煙，那樣可能會引起火災(zāi)。3)表小允許。Can I have a look at your new pen? 我可以看一看你的新鋼筆嗎？He asked whether he could take the book out of the readingroom.他問他可不可以把書帶出閱覽室。4)表驚異、懷疑、不相信等態(tài)度。主要用于否定句、疑問旬或感嘆旬中。Where can (could) they have

15、 gone to? 他們會去哪兒了 呢?He can 't (couldn t)'be over sixty.他不可能超過六十歲。How can you be so careless? 你怎么這么粗心?5)比較委婉客氣地提出問題或陳述看法。Can (Could) you lend me a hand? 幫我一把好嗎？I'm afraid we couldn t gi ve you an answer today. 恐怕我們今天不能給你答復(fù)。2. may (might)1)表允許，might可以指過去時間，也可指現(xiàn)在時間，語氣更委婉。You may take whatev

16、er you like.你喜歡什么就拿什么。He told me that I might smoke in the room.他告訴我可以在房間里抽煙。May (Might) I ask for a photo of your baby?我可以要一張你寶寶的照片嗎？在回答以may引起的問句時，多避免用這個詞，而用其它方式，如 Yes, please. / Certainly./ Please don t ./ You d better not. / No, you mustn t.等，以免顯得太嚴峻或不客氣。2)表可能(事實上)?？梢灾高^去時間，也可以指現(xiàn)在時間，但語氣更加不肯定。He ma

17、y be at home. 他可能在家。She may not know about it.她可能不知道這件事。He was afraid they might not agree with him.他擔(dān)心他們可能不同意他的意見。They might be having a meeting, but I m not sure. 他們有可能在開會，不過我不肯定。3. must1)表示義務(wù)。意為 必須”(主觀意志)。We must do everything step by step. 我們一切都必須循序漸進地做。You mustn t talk to her like that.你不可能那樣對她

18、說話。-Must we hand in our exercise -books now? 我們現(xiàn)在就要交練習(xí)本嗎？如文檔對您有幫助，歡迎下載支持，謝謝！-No, you needn t. / No, you don t have to.不必。（這種情況下，一般不用 mustn 't）2）表示揣測。意為 想必、準(zhǔn)是、一定”等，只用于肯定旬。He must be ill. He looks so pale. 他準(zhǔn)是病了。他的臉色蒼白。She's wearing a diamond necklace. She must have a lot of money.她戴著鉆石項鏈，定很有錢

19、。4. shall1）表征詢意見，用于第一、第三人稱疑問旬。Shall I get you some tea? 我給你點茶好嗎?Shall the boy wait outside? 讓那男孩在外面等嗎？What shall we do this evening? 我們今晚做什么？2）表說話人的意愿，有 命令、允諾、警告、決心”等意思，用于第二、第三人稱陳述旬。You shall do as I say.按我說的做。（命令）You shall have my answer tomorrow. 你明天可以得到我的答復(fù)。（允諾）He shall be sorry for it one day, I

20、 tell you. 有一天他會后悔的，我告訴你。（警告）Nothing shall stop us from carrying out the plan.什么也不能阻止我們執(zhí)行這項計劃。（決心）5. will1）表意愿，用于各種人稱陳述旬。I will do anything for you.我愿為你做任何事。None is so blind as those who won t see.不愿看的人眼最瞎。If you will read the book, Ill lend it to you. 如果你愿意讀這本書，我會把它借給你。2）表請求，用于疑問旬。Will you close th

21、e window? It s a bit cold.請你把窗戶關(guān)上好嗎？有點冷。Won' t you drink some more coffee? 再來一點咖啡好嗎？3）表示某種傾向或習(xí)慣性動作。Fish will die out of water. 魚離開水就不能活。The door won topen. 這門打不開。The boy will sit there hour after hour looking at the traffic go by.那男孩常常坐在那里好幾個鐘點，看著車輛行人通過。6. should1）表義務(wù)。意為 應(yīng)該”（某件事宜于做），用于各種人稱。You s

22、hould be polite to your teachers. 你對老師應(yīng)該有禮貌。You shouldn twaste any time.你不應(yīng)該浪費時間。2）表推測，意為想必一定、照說應(yīng)該、估計”等。如文檔對您有幫助，歡迎下載支持，謝謝！The film should be very good as it is starring firstclass actors.這部新電影是一流演員主演的，估計拍得很好。They should be home by now.照說他們現(xiàn)在應(yīng)當(dāng)已經(jīng)到家了。7.would1）表意愿。They would not let him in because he

23、was poorly dressed.他們不讓他進去因為他衣著破舊。I said I would do anything for you.我說過我愿意為你做任何事。2）表委婉地提出請求、建議或看法。Would you like another glass of beer?再來杯啤酒好嗎？Would you mind cleaning the window?請把窗戶擦一下好嗎？They wouldn t have anything against it. 他們不會有什么反對意見。3）表過去反復(fù)發(fā)生的動作或過去的一種傾向。Every time she was in trouble, she wou

24、ld go to him for help.她每遇到麻煩都會向她求助。他告訴我盒子打不開了。（二）情態(tài)動詞后跟完成式和進行式的用法1 .情態(tài)動詞后跟完成式，表 應(yīng)當(dāng)已經(jīng)'；想必已經(jīng)：本來可以'等意。I should have finished the work earlier.我應(yīng)當(dāng)早一點完成這項工作的。He isn t here. He must have missed the train. 他還未到，一定是沒趕上火車。Where can （could） he have gone? 他能到那里去了呢？You may （might） have read about it.你可能

25、在報上已經(jīng)讀到這件事了。You could （might） have been more careful.你本來可以更細心的。He needn 't have worried about it.他本不必為此事?lián)摹here was a lot of fun at yesterday s party. Y 6u ought to have come, but why didn t you? ' 昨天的聚會非常有意思。你本應(yīng)該來，為何不來呢？2 .情態(tài)動詞后跟進行式，表示想必正在'；可能正在：應(yīng)當(dāng)正在”等意。It s twelve o clock. They must b

26、e having lunch.現(xiàn)在是十二點。他彳門定正在吃飯。They may be discussing this problem.他們可能正在論討這個問題。He can 't be telling the truth.他說的不可能是真話。She shouldn t'be working like that. She s still sd weak.她不應(yīng)當(dāng)那樣干，她身體仍那么虛。（三）幾組詞的辨析1. can 和 be able to1）情態(tài)動詞can只有兩種時態(tài)形式，現(xiàn)在式 can和過去式could ,而be able to有多種時態(tài)形式。如文檔對您有幫助，歡迎下載支持，

27、謝謝!Mary can play the piano. She has been able to play it since she was 5.瑪麗會彈鋼琴。她五歲起就會彈了。2）用在過去時中，could經(jīng)常表示能夠做某事，事實上不一定去做，而 wasWere able to則表示 過 去做成了某事”。在否定句中兩者可通用。He could swim across the English Channel. But he didn t feel like it that day.他能游過英吉利海峽，但那天他不想游。Yesterday I was able to get home before

28、the heavy rain.昨天我在下大雨前趕至 U 了 家里。2. must 和 have tomust表示主觀意志，而have to表示由于客觀因素不得不做某事。must沒有過去式，除在間接引語中可用于表示過去時間，在直接引語中表示過去時間應(yīng)該用had to代替。I told her that she must give up smoking.我口U她必須戒煙。We had to get everything ready that night.我們那晚得把一切準(zhǔn)備就緒。3. would 和 used to1） used to表示過去與現(xiàn)在或過去某時與后來的情況有不同，而 would只表過

29、去的情況。People used to think that the earth was flat.過去人們認為地球是平的。（現(xiàn)在人們不這么認為。）She would go out for a walk in the morning when she was in the country.在鄉(xiāng)下時，她總是在早晨去散會兒步。（可能現(xiàn)在仍有散步的習(xí)慣。）2） used to可表示過去的習(xí)慣動作和經(jīng)常的情況，而 would只表示過去的習(xí)慣動作。He used to wo uld smoke while writing.過去他寫東西時常抽煙。She used to be fat.她過去很胖2. New

30、 wordsJacketUnderwearBaggy pantsSweaterScarfdye hairLong-sleevedSportswearhigh heelsShort sleevedJerseyTrendV-neckHoodieVogueRound-neckMao suitFashionHigh-heeled shoesCottonAlternativePajamaWoolunique3. Sentence pattern（重點句型）1. Can' t be compared with2. Express out/care about/tend to3. Be crazy

31、about doing something4. I am afraid of doing something5. Agree/disagree with something6. What happened to you7. It takes/took somebody some time to do something8. Follow up with the trend9. Somebody has/have decided to do something10. Get addicted into/infatuate into11. Somebody try to do something1

32、2. Be flooded with 13. Keep up with the trend14. It is ha rd to imagine how.15. There is no doubt that16. Out of control doing something17. Be in fashion/out of fashion18. find it + 形容詞 +to do19. find +賓語+形容詞：I find him a good boy.（我發(fā)現(xiàn)他是個好男孩.）20. I don't think+ 肯定句 我想不：21. prefer A to B=like A b

33、etter than B 更喜歡 A 不怎么喜歡 B.22. had better do sth.最好干某事. 否定:had better not do sth.23. It is good （nice）of+ 賓格+to do sth :24. It takes sb. some time to do sth. =sb.spend some time on sth. （in） doing sth.25. sb.pay錢for物某物花費了某人多少錢 =sb. spend 錢on物=物cost sb.錢26. have been to某人曾去過某地，現(xiàn)在人不在那兒27. sb.have been

34、 in +地點 某人呆在某地（一段時間）28. have gone to某人已去某地，人不在這兒29. too 形容詞（副詞）+to太而不能”太十以致于不”This colour TV is too expensive for us to buy.這臺彩電對我們來說太貴了，買不起。so.that如此以致于.上面的too.to結(jié)構(gòu)的句子，可以換成so.that引導(dǎo)的句子轉(zhuǎn)換。30.This colour TV is so expensive that we can't afford it.not.until （連詞）方才，才如文檔對您有幫助，歡迎下載支持，謝謝!如文檔對您有幫助，歡迎下載

35、支持，謝謝!Eg.He says that he won't be free until tomorrow.他說他需至 U 明天方才有空?？隙ㄑ?+ until 至U： Eg.You'd better wait until tomorrow.（你最好等到明天）31. neithernor 既不.也不.eitheror 或者.或者.Eg.Neither Tom nor his brothers know how to spell the word "hundred".Either you or she is right.（謂語動詞就近原則）32. both.a

36、nd.兩者都.Eg. Both Jim and I are in Grade One （ 主語看作復(fù)數(shù)）四.預(yù)習(xí)思考題：1. What is fashion in your mind?2. What is fashion in your school life?3. Do you think fashion is important in your life?五.Subtopic （1）Clothes & fashion（一）Vocabulary:fabric（textile） 織物；織品underwear （undergarment） 內(nèi)衣tie領(lǐng)帶miniskirt 迷你裙vest

37、 背心jacket 茄克衫cloak披風(fēng)；斗篷T-shirt短袖圓領(lǐng)汗衫(運動衫)pants(trousers) 褲子；長褲jeans 牛仔褲uniform 制服stockings 長統(tǒng)襪down jacket 羽絨服scarf圍巾boots皮靴sneakers = gym shoes 運動鞋formal = spiffy 正式的casual休閑的（二）Sentences:1. All things that enjoy popularity are not always good things.流行的東西不定是好的。2. Pursuing fashion irrationally may b

38、ring about disadvantages.無理性的追逐流行風(fēng)尚會弓I起許多弊端。3. We should be masters instead of slaves of fashion.我們應(yīng)為流行時尚的主人而非奴隸4. If we follow fashion rationally instead of blindly, we will never be slaves of fashion.如果我們理性的，而不是盲目的跟隨時尚，我們將永遠不會成為時尚的奴隸。5. It would be a boring society if everyone wore shoes and cloth

39、es of the same style and color, had the same hairstyle, and carried the same bags.如果每個人穿著同一個款式和顏色的衣服和鞋子，梳同樣的發(fā)型，手里提著同樣的包，那將是一個枯燥乏味的社會。6. If you don ' t keep uphwthe fashion, you cannot communicate with your friends well. 如果你 跟不上流行的腳步，你就不能和你的朋友進行很好的交流。7. It is hard to give an accurate definition;

40、maybe it means beauty,just like new trends in clothing and decoration. Everyone loves beauty, and likes to become attracti ve.很難給出一個確切定義。可能時尚就是美，就像新的服飾潮流。每個人都愛美，都想變的有魅力。8. There are many ways to become attractive, and some are unchangeable forever, such as being a kind, honest or diligent person, bu

41、t some are been decided by the fashion of the time, such as the beautiful clothes.For example, in the past, Chinese like to dress in the gown. But today, you will see nobody do it. In stead, most of us are dressing like the westerner, but still containing some Chinese factors.Fashion is changeable.

42、Fashion loaders are constantly inventing new trends in clothing and decora tion, and consequently a great amount of time and money is spent on this endless pursuit. 是的。 有 很多方法可以使一個人變的有魅力。有的是永久不變的，像一個友好，誠實，勤奮的人。但是有的是 隨時間而改變的，如美麗的衣服。例如，過去中國人喜歡穿長袍。但是現(xiàn)在沒有人穿了。取而代之的 是，我們跟西方人一樣穿著，只是保留著中國的一部分因素。9. Some peop

43、le advocate that one should wear comfortable clothes which are in line with one' pe rsonal taste.很多人贊成應(yīng)該穿跟個人品位一致的舒服的服飾。10. We all admit that clothing should be able to 川ustrate a person ' individual characteristics. Eve ryone has the right to seek his or her unique style, instead of surrende

44、ring to the latest fashion. 我 們都要承認，衣服能代表一個人的性格。每個人都有權(quán)利追求自己獨特的風(fēng)格，而不是跟隨最新潮流。11. If you want to be different from others, you should not follow the fashion; you should have your own style.如果你想與眾不同，那就不應(yīng)該追隨潮流，你應(yīng)該有自己的風(fēng)格。如文檔對您有幫助，歡迎下載支持，謝謝！ （三）Demo :With the development of the modernization and urbanizati

45、on, the society is flooded with fashion and infatuation. Most teenagers are crazy about chasing after the latest vogue music and movies stars ' clothing and behaviour. They get into imitating their idols' gestures atalking. I get addicted into the rap music, which is also called as tongue tw

46、ister. Rap music can lighten up the flame and passion in my heart. Music can greatly influence on my feelings and manners. When I take on lots of pressure, I can relieve and stress out through humming the words of song.Some abnormal teens are out of control following up with their idols blindly. The

47、y tend to copy their actions and ideas. My parents often blame me for wasting too much time into pop songs. Most popular songs are written about love a theme most youngsters care about, which will interfere with my study and distract my concentration.I believe that many boys are trying to express ou

48、t their own feelings and passions. They also love to pursue the colourful and bright life. In the contrast with girls' clothing fashioare crazy about Korean Waves and American Rap Music, which they wear baggy and black pants and hum the words of Rap alternative and cool. My favourite singer is J

49、ay Zhou who creates his unique style of music-Rap & pop music mix. I like that special rhythmic music, which is beautiful, mild, and melodious.（四）Questions & AnswersWhat type of clothes do you like?I mostly like older styles, such as those during 60s. I also like latest styles like some kind

50、s of punk clothes and jeans. I like skirts and dress best. Loose types of clothing are most comfortable. I like to have nice, neat, stylish clothing, too.2. What is more important to you: brand, quality or price?I think the answer is clear. The quality of the goods is the most important for the cons

51、umers. Because if we buy some cheap things but in bad quality, we have to change or return the goods, that bring us a lot of trouble. It wastes a lot of time. Besides, the price is also important. If the goods are good, but it is too expensive to afford it, I won' t buy it. As we know, those fam

52、always have an incredible high price. I don' t think it ' s reasonable. As I know, those famofeatures are their design or pattern. They have the high price because the designers are the most famous. Some consumers want to buy those famous designs to show their high status, because some consu

53、mers like fashionable style. But I am just a student. I don門n'styneedSo wea如文檔對您有幫助，歡迎下載支持，謝謝！ for me, the most important thing is the quality of the goods. I don' t care whether it is tlbrand.3. Do you spend much money on fashion?I don ' t spend much money on fashion. Because if we wear

54、 nike' s clothes, we canutget warm,we wear uniform, we can also feel warm. We don' t have to buy so expensive clothes.No, I don ' t. I am just a student. I don' t need to wear in stylish. I don' t have lotsclothing. Also, my parents will not support me to spend much money on fash

55、ion.4. What kind of clothes do you like to wear?I like to wear the T-shirt. We can wear it on many occasions. We can wear it to do sports, watch TV and so on. It can instead of a lot of clothes and save lots of money. And we can use this money to do a lot of things, such as eat and play.5. Do you fi

56、nd it important to follow the latest fashion? Why or why not?I don' think follow the latest fashion is important. There are a lot of reasons. First, the latest fashion must be very expensive. For example, I heard someone bought a latest fashionable coat, it was really expensive. It cost him abou

57、t 1500 RMB. But a few months later, when he saw it again, it was much cheaper that a few months ago. Second, if we want to buy it, it must be a lot of people.It ' s crowed and noisy. Third, if we go to shop late, it may be sell out.6. Why do many young people today go after famous name brands in everything they buy?I think people like name brand because they think high price is high quality and low price islowquality. Besides that, they think the famous name brands can show they' re rich and theymodern and rich people can wear the famous name brands. These consumers want to buy th