專(zhuān)題02閱讀理解專(zhuān)題之文章出處及文體類(lèi)型題-2020高考英語(yǔ)閱讀理解解題技巧專(zhuān)項(xiàng)突破

1、專(zhuān)題2閱讀理解專(zhuān)題之-文章出處及文體類(lèi)型題【設(shè)問(wèn)形式】判斷文章出處及文體類(lèi)型題常見(jiàn)設(shè)問(wèn)形式：1) The passage is most likely to be taken from.2) Where would this passage most probably appear?3) The passage is most likely a part of.4) Where does this text probably come from?5) What type of writing is this text?【考查方式】高考閱讀理解文章出處的考查旨在考查學(xué)生對(duì)一篇文章的內(nèi)容的理解及對(duì)

2、各種文章出處的特點(diǎn)和常識(shí)，對(duì)文章的體裁和題材的準(zhǔn)確把握能力。幾乎所有話(huà)題都有可能涉及文章出處、文章類(lèi)別的的閱讀題目。解答文章出處和文體類(lèi)型題主要從文章的體裁和題材內(nèi)容來(lái)作出判斷?？忌枰诶斫馕恼碌幕A(chǔ)上去了 解各種出處的特點(diǎn)，以便結(jié)合文章的內(nèi)容、關(guān)鍵詞作出準(zhǔn)確的判斷。首先注意常見(jiàn)的出處類(lèi)型的特點(diǎn)：女口新聞報(bào)道(newspaper)的首段通常為導(dǎo)語(yǔ)，包括人物、時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)或事件等；科普類(lèi)雜志(scienee magazine) 或科普類(lèi)說(shuō)明文常會(huì)出現(xiàn) scie ntists have found; the research/study shows that.等表明實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果的句子；雜志的 文章更為

3、豐富，話(huà)題更具體，語(yǔ)言比較輕松活潑；廣告(advertiseme nt)的用詞和格式特殊，很好辨認(rèn)，廣告可能會(huì)談到某產(chǎn)品的特色、價(jià)格等，會(huì)透露出鼓勵(lì)讀者去了解和購(gòu)買(mǎi)的信息。產(chǎn)品說(shuō)明，器皿、設(shè)備的使用說(shuō)明會(huì)有產(chǎn)品名稱(chēng)或操作方式，而藥品的服用說(shuō)明會(huì)有服用時(shí)間、 次數(shù)、用量等。研究報(bào)告(report),語(yǔ)言嚴(yán)肅認(rèn)真，文章往往保護(hù)具體的數(shù)據(jù)或事實(shí)依據(jù)，實(shí)際情況等。課本教材(textbook),會(huì)使用教化性的語(yǔ)言，說(shuō)理講解味較為濃厚，對(duì)閱讀對(duì)象的指向性很明確。傳記(biography):歷史性強(qiáng)，時(shí)間線(xiàn)索比較明顯，往往包含重要事件。科幻小說(shuō)(scienee fiction):內(nèi)容多為對(duì)某些尚未出現(xiàn)或發(fā)現(xiàn)

4、的科學(xué)發(fā)明等進(jìn)行想象 和預(yù)測(cè)。旅行指南(travel guide/guide book):給旅游者提供一些旅游信息，介紹當(dāng)?shù)氐囊恍┖萌ヌ帲纾?餐館、公園、旅游景點(diǎn)等網(wǎng)站(website)內(nèi)容廣泛，文章常出現(xiàn)click等網(wǎng)絡(luò)用語(yǔ)。實(shí)戰(zhàn)演練【例題】1. 2013全國(guó)1 B篇They baby is just one day old and has not yet left hospital. She is quiet but alert （ 警覺(jué)）。Twenty centimeters from her face researchers have placed a white card with

5、 two black spots on it. She stares at it carefully. A researcher removes the card and replaces it by another, this time with the spots differently spaced. As the cards change from one to the other,her gaze（凝視）starts to lose its focus - until a third, with three black spots, is presented. Her gaze re

6、turns ； she looks at it for twice as long as she did at the previous card. Can she tell that the number two is different from three, just 24 hours after coming into the world?Or do n ewbor ns simply prefer more to fewer? The same experime nt,but with three spots show n before two, shows the same ret

7、ur n of in terest whe n the nu mber of spots cha nges.Perhaps it is just the newn ess? When slightly older babies were show n cards with pictures of objects（a comb,a key,a n orange and so on ）,cha nging the nu mber of objects had an effect separate from cha nging the objects themselves.Could it be t

8、he patter n that two things make,as opposed to three? No aga in .Babies paid more atte nti on to squares movi ng ran domly on a scree n whe n their nu mber cha nged from two to three, or three to two. The effect eve n crosses betwee n sen ses.Babies who were repeatedly show n two spots became more e

9、xcited whe n they the n heard three drumbeats tha n whe n they heard just two; likewise（同樣地）when the researchers started with drumbeats and moved to spots.63.Where does this text probably come from?A. Scienee fiction. B.Children ' s literature. C.An advertisement.D.A scienee report.解析：文章主要講通過(guò)研究人

10、員的實(shí)驗(yàn)，來(lái)證明嬰兒具備感知數(shù)量的能力。根據(jù)題材內(nèi)容判 讀符合研究報(bào)告的特點(diǎn)，所以選 D【舉一反三】AThere was a lot of news related to artificial intelligenee, or AI, and machine learning. Among the stories were two deali ng with direct competiti ons betwee n huma ns and mach in es.In one competiti on, mach ines that used AI performed better tha n

11、 huma n beings in a high-level read ing test. Two natural language processing tools beat human in the experiment. One of the tools was built by the American tech no logy compa ny Microsoft. The other was created by Chin ese on li ne seller Alibaba Group.In ano ther competiti on, a computer took on h

12、uma ns in live, public debates. The eve nt dem on strated how Al-powered computers are in creas in gly being developed to think and sound like huma ns. The orga ni zer of the debates, U. S. tech no logy compa ny IBM, announced split results. It said a majority of those watch ing said they feltthe ma

13、chine had done more to improve their knowledge of the subject. But, the human got more praise for com muni cat ing their ideas.This year, we also explored the many ways Al and mach ine lear ning are now being used. For example, some U. S. judges use mach ine lear ning systems to help them decide whe

14、 n, and for how long, crim in als should be jailed. The system uses computers to exam ine data from thousa nds of court cases.One fast-grow ing area of AI is facial recog niti on, which is in creas in gly being used for security purposes.Recen tly, Atla nta's Hartsfield-Jacks on airport became t

15、he first in the U. s. to permit passe ngers to use facial recog niti on tech no logy to get on flights. A Chin ese compa ny showed off an AI system it developed to recog nize in dividuals by body shape and walk ing moveme nts. The system is already being used by Chin ese police in Beiji ng and Shan

16、ghai.In addition, machine learning was used during 2018 to predict results of the World Cup soccer competition.The tech no logy also created artwork that sold for a large amount of mon ey. And it is being used to help farmer save time and mon ey, while reduc ing environmen t-harmi ng chemicals. Othe

17、r tech no logy systems are being used to follow farm animals and wildlife to collect information on their activities.1. Why were the two competiti ons men ti oned in the passage?A. To show how much better AI and mach ine lear ning are tha n huma ns.B. To prove AI and mach ine Lear ning got more prai

18、se for com muni cati on.C. To show how powerful AI and mach ine Lear ning are.D. To prove AI and mach ine lear ning have bee n used in the work of U. S. judges.2. What are facial and body recog niti on systems used for in the passage?A. Kno wledge lear ning.B. Safety con trol.C. Office automati on.

19、D. Track ing survey.3. What can we infer from this passage?A. AI has been widely used in every person's daily life.B. Huma n can be replaced by AI in future completely.C. More attention is being paid to Al in every part of the world.D. More adva need Al is helpi ng people in more and more areas.

20、4. Where is the text probably from?A. A tech no logy report.B. A n atural seie nee magaz ine.C. seie nee fiction.D. A gover nment doeume nt.A :【解析】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。人工智能和機(jī)器學(xué)習(xí)快速發(fā)展，機(jī)器在一些比賽中超過(guò)了人類(lèi)。除此以外，機(jī)器和人工智能被應(yīng)用于很多領(lǐng)域。1. 推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二第三段可知在第一場(chǎng)比賽中，使用人工智能的機(jī)器表現(xiàn)得比人類(lèi)更好；在第二個(gè)比賽中，機(jī)器人在公開(kāi)辯論中挑戰(zhàn)人類(lèi)，結(jié)果大多數(shù)觀看者認(rèn)為機(jī)器在提高他們對(duì)這門(mén)學(xué)科的知識(shí)方面做 得

21、更好。這兩個(gè)比賽都體現(xiàn)了人工智能和機(jī)器學(xué)習(xí)的強(qiáng)大，選C。2. 纟田節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)One fast-growing area of Al is faeial reeognition, whieh is inereasingly being used forseeurity purposes."可知人工智能的一個(gè)快速發(fā)展的領(lǐng)域是面部識(shí)別，它越來(lái)越多地被用于安全目的。故選B。3. 推理判斷題。根據(jù)some U. S. judges use maehine learning systems to help them deeide when,"可知一些美國(guó)法官使用機(jī)器學(xué)習(xí)系統(tǒng)來(lái)幫助他

22、們決定罪犯應(yīng)該被監(jiān)禁的時(shí)間和期限，再根據(jù)最后兩段可知機(jī)器學(xué)習(xí)和人工智能還被應(yīng)用于安全監(jiān)控和預(yù)測(cè)世界杯足球賽的結(jié)果，保護(hù)環(huán)境等。根據(jù)這些可以推斷機(jī)器在越來(lái)越多的領(lǐng)域幫助著人類(lèi)，故選D。4. 推理判斷題。本文文章主要是關(guān)于人工智能和機(jī)器學(xué)習(xí)的，最有可能是來(lái)自于科技報(bào)告(A teeh no logyreport.)，故選 A。BMany of us love July beeause it' s the month when nature' s berries and stone fruits are in abundance.Theeolourful and sweet jewel

23、s form British Columbiaare little pcfteethiouses of nu triti onal proteet ion.Of the eommon berries, strawberries are highest in vitamin C, although, beeause of their seeds, raspberriescontain a little more protein ( 蛋白質(zhì)),iron and zinc (not that fruits have mueh protein). Blueberries are partieularl

24、yhigh in an tioxida nts (抗氧化物質(zhì) ).The yellow and orange stone fruits such as peaches are high in the earote no idswe turn into vitamin A and which are antioxidants. As for cherries （ 櫻桃）,they are so delicious who cares?However, they are rich in vitam in C.When comb ined with berries of slices of othe

25、r fruits, froze n bananas make an excelle nt base for thick, cooli ngfruit shakes and low fat” ice cream ” . For this purpose, select ripe bananas for freezing as they are much sweeter.Remove the skin and place them in plastic bags or containers and freeze. If you like, a squeeze of fresh lemon juic

26、eon the bananas will preve nt them tur ning brow n. Froze n bananas will last several weeks, depe nding on their ripe ness and the temperature of the freezer.If you have a juicer, you can simply feed in frozen bananas and some berries or sliced fruit.Out comes a“ so-tserve ” creamy dessert, to be ea

27、ten right away. This makes a fun activity for a children' s |feeding the fruit and frozen bananas into the top of the machine and watching the ice cream come out below.5. What does the author seem to like about cherries?A. They con tain protei n.B. They are high in vitamin A.C. They have a pleasa nt taste.D. They are rich in an tioxida nts.6. Why is fresh lem on juice used in freez ing banan as?A. To make them smell better. B. To keep their colour.C. To speed up their ripe ning. D. To improve their nu triti on.7. What is “