世界光伏產(chǎn)業(yè)鏈各環(huán)節(jié)主要制造商和

1、世界光伏產(chǎn)業(yè)鏈各環(huán)節(jié)主要制造商和分布一覽太陽能產(chǎn)業(yè)示意圖太陽能產(chǎn)業(yè)示意圖晶硅棚能電砂PofyslllconWafer Solar Cell Sotar Module Systems世界光伏產(chǎn)業(yè)謹(jǐn)各環(huán)節(jié)主要険商和分布一覽光伏組件疑®ffl集成HemlockScan WaferEjSJ 巫BTukuyama京瓷京瓷京瓷WackerDeutsche SolarBP SolarShell SolarBP SolarMEMCPV CrystaloxQ-Cdls二菱電子Shell SolarAsiMIM.SeteK二養(yǎng)電子三洋三洋zzSShell SolarShell Solarrsofoton

2、RWESOSBP Solar三洋MSKATS Group! I!RWE SchottRWE SchottBP SoalrCarmanah總10余家晶;ifcMHIsofoton尚德太陽能ConergySUMCO SolarRWE Schott西門子總30家左右總70家左右總A2QU家總沙叩家數(shù)據(jù)來灑：新材料在線，如050中國高純多晶硅材料生產(chǎn)和投資現(xiàn)狀一覽表中國高純多晶硅材料生產(chǎn)和投資現(xiàn)狀一覽表（含已有產(chǎn)能和在建、擬建項(xiàng)目）中國高純多晶硅材料生產(chǎn)和投資現(xiàn)狀一覽表中國高匏多晶硅材科生產(chǎn)和投資現(xiàn)狀一覽表企業(yè)名稱目前產(chǎn)能 （噸）新擴(kuò)產(chǎn) 后產(chǎn)能（噸）四川新光確業(yè)科技 能公司01300峨眉半導(dǎo)障材料廠，

3、 引進(jìn)部分俄羅斯技術(shù) 和國夕卜設(shè)備2007年初洛陽中硅高科技 能公司30期 300 二期 3000洛陽單晶硅公司.中 國有低工程設(shè)計(jì)總院期005年底 二期2007年05000僦羅斯稀有金屬研究 院籌建益南技 郁K公司0期 3000 總一萬噸引進(jìn)德國生產(chǎn)鮭技術(shù)期投資25 匕202年底疝蘇噸大半導(dǎo)體 豹蘇頤公司0期15U口噸 總3000噸美國 Hemlock總投掘孔億，期2007年遼市01000引進(jìn)美國生產(chǎn)線技術(shù)投盜¥11億捋商當(dāng)中四川趙磊實(shí)業(yè)01000與美國公司合作引進(jìn) 技術(shù)產(chǎn)品外銷模式籌建蛾眉半導(dǎo)體栩畀廠100220自主技術(shù)20時(shí)年新拇料在線 2006.04國外硅片供應(yīng)商大全國外硅片

4、供應(yīng)商大全（轉(zhuǎn)載） http:/www.crystal-http:/www.el- http:/www.fcm- http:/www.silicon- http:/www.semicor http:/www.purewafer .comhttp:/www.rasa.co.jp硅片行業(yè)術(shù)語大全Acceptor - An element, such as boron, indium, and gallium used to create a free hole in a semiconductor . The acceptor atoms are required to have one less

5、 valence electron than the semiconductor .受主 - 一種用來在半導(dǎo)體中形成空穴的元素，比如硼、銦和鎵。受主原子必須比半導(dǎo)體元素少一價(jià)電子Alignment Precision - Displacement of patterns that occurs during the photolithography process.套準(zhǔn)精度 - 在光刻工藝中轉(zhuǎn)移圖形的精度。Anisotropic - A process of etching that has very little or no undercutting各向異性 - 在蝕刻過程中，只做少量或不做

6、側(cè)向凹刻。Area Contamination - Any foreign particles or material that are found on the surface of a wafer. Thisis viewed as discolored or smudged, and it is the result of stains, fingerprints, water spots, etc.沾污區(qū)域 - 任何在晶圓片表面的外來粒子或物質(zhì)。由沾污、手印和水滴產(chǎn)生的污染。Azimuth, in Ellipsometry - The angle measured between th

7、e plane of incidence and the major axisof the ellipse.橢圓方位角 - 測(cè)量入射面和主晶軸之間的角度。Backside - The bottom surface of a silicon wafer. (Note: This term is not preferred; instead, use ,back surface?.）背面 - 晶圓片的底部表面。 （注：不推薦該術(shù)語，建議使用 “背部表面 ”）, which supportsBase Silicon Layer - The silicon wafer that is located

8、underneath the insulator layer the silicon film on top of the wafer .底部硅層 - 在絕緣層下部的晶圓片，是頂部硅層的基礎(chǔ)。Bipolar - Transistors that are able to use both holes and electrons as charge carriers. 雙極晶體管 - 能夠采用空穴和電子傳導(dǎo)電荷的晶體管。Bonded Wafers - Two silicon wafers that have been bonded together by silicon dioxide, whic

9、h acts as an insulating layer.綁定晶圓片 - 兩個(gè)晶圓片通過二氧化硅層結(jié)合到一起，作為絕緣層。Bonding Interface - The area where the bonding of two wafers occurs. 綁定面 - 兩個(gè)晶圓片結(jié)合的接觸區(qū)。Buried Layer - A path of low resistance for a current moving in a device. Many of these dopants are antimony and arsenic.埋層 - 為了電路電流流動(dòng)而形成的低電阻路徑，攙雜劑是銻和砷

10、。Buried Oxide Layer (BOX) - The layer that insulates between the two wafers. 氧化埋層 (BOX) - 在兩個(gè)晶圓片間的絕緣層。Carrier - Valence holes and conduction electrons that are capable of carrying a charge through a solid surface in a silicon wafer.載流子 - 晶圓片中用來傳導(dǎo)電流的空穴或電子。Chemical-Mechanical Polish (CMP) - A process

11、of flattening and polishing wafers that utilizes both chemical removal and mechanical buffing. It is used during the fabrication process. 化學(xué)-機(jī)械拋光 (CMP) - 平整和拋光晶圓片的工藝，采用化學(xué)移除和機(jī)械拋光兩種方式。此工藝在前道工藝中使 用。Chuck Mark - A mark found on either surface of a wafer, caused by either a robotic end effectorchuck, or

12、a wand.卡盤痕跡 - 在晶圓片任意表面發(fā)現(xiàn)的由機(jī)械手、卡盤或托盤造成的痕跡。Cleavage Plane - A fracture plane that is preferred. 解理面 - 破裂面Crack - A mark found on a wafer that is greater than 0.25 mm in length. 裂紋 - 長(zhǎng)度大于 0.25 毫米的晶圓片表面微痕。beCrater - Visible under diffused illumination, a surface imperfection on a wafer that can distingu

13、ished individually.微坑 - 在擴(kuò)散照明下可見的，晶圓片表面可區(qū)分的缺陷。Conductivity (electrical)- A measurement of how easily charge carriers can flow throughout amaterial.傳導(dǎo)性(電學(xué)方面) - 一種關(guān)于載流子通過物質(zhì)難易度的測(cè)量指標(biāo) 。Conductivity Type -The type of charge carriers in a wafer, such as“- tNype ” and -“tyPpe ” .導(dǎo)電類型 - 晶圓片中載流子的類型， N 型和 P 型。

14、Contaminant, Particulate (see light point defect) 污染微粒 (參見光點(diǎn)缺陷)Contamination Area - An area that contains particles that can negatively affect the characteristics of a silicon wafer.沾污區(qū)域 - 部分晶圓片區(qū)域被顆粒沾污，造成不利特性影響。Contamination Particulate - Particles found on the surface of a silicon wafer.沾污顆粒 - 晶圓片表

15、面上的顆粒。Crystal Defect - Parts of the crystal that contain vacancies and dislocations that can have an impact on a circuit?s electrical performance.晶體缺陷 - 部分晶體包含的、會(huì)影響電路性能的空隙和層錯(cuò)。Crystal Indices (see Miller indices) 晶體指數(shù) (參見米勒指數(shù))Depletion Layer - A region on a wafer that contains an electrical field tha

16、t sweeps out charge carriers.耗盡層 - 晶圓片上的電場(chǎng)區(qū)域，此區(qū)域排除載流子。Dimple - A concave depression found on the surface of a wafer that is visible to the eye under the correct lighting conditions.表面起伏 - 在合適的光線下通過肉眼可以發(fā)現(xiàn)的晶圓片表面凹陷。Donor - A contaminate that has donated extra “ free ” electrons, thus making a wafer-Typ

17、e ”“. N施主 - 可提供“自由”電子的攙雜物，使晶圓片呈現(xiàn)為 N 型。Dopant - An element that contributes an electron or a hole to the conduction process, thus altering the conductivity. Dopants for silicon wafers are found in Groups III and V of the Periodic Table of the Elements.攙雜劑 - 可以為傳導(dǎo)過程提供電子或空穴的元素，此元素可以改變傳導(dǎo)特性。晶圓片攙雜 劑可以在元素周

18、期表 的 III 和 V 族元素中發(fā)現(xiàn)。Doping - The process of the donation of an electron or hole to the conduction process by a dopant. 摻雜 - 把攙雜劑摻入半導(dǎo)體，通常通過擴(kuò)散或離子注入工藝實(shí)現(xiàn)。Edge Chip and Indent - An edge imperfection that is greater than 0.25 mm. 芯片邊緣和縮進(jìn) - 晶片中不完整的邊緣部分超過 0.25 毫米。Edge Exclusion Area - The area located betwe

19、en the fixed quality area and the periphery of a wafer (This varies according to the dimensions of the wafer.)邊緣排除區(qū)域 - 位于質(zhì)量保證區(qū)和晶圓片外圍之間的區(qū)域。 (根據(jù)晶圓片的尺寸不同而有所不同。 )Edge Exclusion, Nominal (EE) - The distance between the fixed quality area and the periphery of a wafer .名義上邊緣排除 (EE) - 質(zhì)量保證區(qū)和晶圓片外圍之間的距離。orEdg

20、e Profile - The edges of two bonded wafers that have been shaped either chemically mechanically.邊緣輪廓 - 通過化學(xué)或機(jī)械方法連接起來的兩個(gè)晶圓片邊緣。Etch - A process of chemical reactions or physical removal to rid the wafer of excess materials. 蝕刻 - 通過化學(xué)反應(yīng)或物理方法去除晶圓片的多余物質(zhì)。Fixed Quality Area (FQA) - The area that is most ce

21、ntral on a wafer surface. 質(zhì)量保證區(qū) (FQA) - 晶圓片表面中央的大部分。Flat - A section of the perimeter of a wafer that has been removed for wafer orientation purposes. 平邊 - 晶圓片圓周上的一個(gè)小平面，作為晶向定位的依據(jù)。Flat Diameter - The measurement from the center of the flat through the center of the wafer to the opposite edge of the w

22、afer. (Perpendicular to the flat)平口直徑 - 由小平面的中心通過晶圓片中心到對(duì)面邊緣的直線距離。Four-Point Probe - Test equipment used to test resistivity of wafers. 四探針 - 測(cè)量半導(dǎo)體晶片表面電阻的設(shè)備。Furnace and Thermal Processes - Equipment with a temperature gauge used for processing wafers.A constant temperature is required for the process

23、. 爐管和熱處理 - 溫度測(cè)量的工藝設(shè)備，具有恒定的處理溫度。Front Side - The top side of a silicon wafer. (This term is not preferred; use front surface instead.)正面 - 晶圓片的頂部表面(此術(shù)語不推薦，建議使用 “前部表面 ”)。Goniometer - An instrument used in measuring angles. 角度計(jì) - 用來測(cè)量角度的設(shè)備。Gradient, Resistivity (not preferred; see resistivity variation

24、) 電阻梯度 (不推薦使用，參見 “電阻變化 ”)forGroove - A scratch that was not completely polished out. 凹槽 - 沒有被完全清除的擦傷。Hand Scribe Mark - A marking that is hand scratched onto the back surface of a wafer identification purposes.手工印記 - 為區(qū)分不同的晶圓片而手工在背面做出的標(biāo)記。Haze - A mass concentration of surface imperfections, often gi

25、ving a hazy appearance to the wafer 霧度 - 晶圓片表面大量的缺陷，常常表現(xiàn)為晶圓片表面呈霧狀。Hole - Similar to a positive charge, this is caused by the absence of a valence electron. 空穴 - 和正電荷類似，是由缺少價(jià)電子引起的。Ingot - A cylindrical solid made of polycrystalline or single crystal silicon from which wafers are cut. 晶錠 - 由多晶或單晶形成的圓柱

26、體，晶圓片由此切割而成。Laser Light-Scattering Event - A signal pulse that locates surface imperfections on a wafer . 激光散射 - 由晶圓片表面缺陷引起的脈沖信號(hào)。Lay - The main direction of surface texture on a wafer . 層 - 晶圓片表面結(jié)構(gòu)的主要方向。Light Point Defect (LPD) (Not preferred; see localized light-scatterer) 光點(diǎn)缺陷 (LPD) (不推薦使用，參見 “局部光

27、散射 ”)Lithography - The process used to transfer patterns onto wafers. 光刻 - 從掩膜到圓片轉(zhuǎn)移的過程。Localized Light-Scatterer - One feature on the surface of a wafer , such as a pit or a scratch that scatters light. It is also called a light point defect.局部光散射 - 晶圓片表面特征，例如小坑或擦傷導(dǎo)致光線散射，也稱為光點(diǎn)缺陷。Lot - Wafers of simi

28、lar sizes and characteristics placed together in a shipment. 批次 - 具有相似尺寸和特性的晶圓片一并放置在一個(gè)載片器內(nèi)。Majority Carrier - A carrier , either a hole or an electron that is dominant in a specific region, such as electrons in an N-Type area.多數(shù)載流子 - 一種載流子，在半導(dǎo)體材料中起支配作用的空穴或電子，例如在 N 型中是電子。Mechanical Test Wafer - A sil

29、icon wafer used for testing purposes. 機(jī)械測(cè)試晶圓片 - 用于測(cè)試的晶圓片。Microroughness - Surface roughness with spacing between the impurities with a measurement ofless than 100m.微粗糙 - 小于 100 微米的表面粗糙部分。Miller Indices, of a Crystallographic Plane - A system that utilizes three numbers to identify plan orientation i

30、n a crystal.Miller 索指數(shù) - 三個(gè)整數(shù)，用于確定某個(gè)并行面。這些整數(shù)是來自相同系統(tǒng)的基本向量。Minimal Conditions or Dimensions- The allowable conditions for determining whether or not awafer is considered acceptable.最小條件或方向 - 確定晶圓片是否合格的允許條件。Minority Carrier - A carrier, either a hole or an electron that is not dominant in a specific re

31、gion,such as electrons in a P-Type area.少數(shù)載流子 - 在半導(dǎo)體材料中不起支配作用的移動(dòng)電荷，在 P 型中是電子，在 N 型中是空穴。Mound - A raised defect on the surface of a wafer measuring more than 0.25 mm. 堆垛 - 晶圓片表面超過 0.25 毫米的缺陷。Notch - An indent on the edge of a wafer used for orientation purposes. 凹槽 - 晶圓片邊緣上用于晶向定位的小凹槽。Orange Peel - A

32、roughened surface that is visible to the unaided eye. 桔皮 - 可以用肉眼看到的粗糙表面Orthogonal Misorientation - 直角定向誤差 -Particle - A small piece of material found on a wafer that is not connected with it. 顆粒 - 晶圓片上的細(xì)小物質(zhì)。Particle Counting - Wafers that are used to test tools for particle contamination. 顆粒計(jì)算 - 用來測(cè)

33、試晶圓片顆粒污染的測(cè)試工具。Particulate Contamination - Particles found on the surface of a wafer. They appear as bright pointswhen a collineated light is shined on the wafer.顆粒污染 - 晶圓片表面的顆粒。Pit - A non-removable imperfection found on the surface of a wafer.深坑 - 一種晶圓片表面無法消除的缺陷。Point Defect - A crystal defect that

34、 is an impurity, such as a lattice vacancy or an interstitial atom. 點(diǎn)缺陷 - 不純凈的晶缺陷，例如格子空缺或原子空隙。Preferential Etch - 優(yōu)先蝕刻 -strictPremium Wafer - A wafer that can be used for particle counting, measuring pattern resolution inthe photolithography process, and metal contamination monitoring. This wafer ha

35、s very specifications for a specific usage, but looser specifications than the prime wafer.測(cè)試晶圓片 - 影印過程中用于顆粒計(jì)算、測(cè)量溶解度和檢測(cè)金屬污染的晶圓片。對(duì)于具體應(yīng)用該晶圓片有嚴(yán)格 的要求，但是要比主晶圓片要求寬松些。Primary Orientation Flat - The longest flat found on the wafer.主定位邊 - 晶圓片上最長(zhǎng)的定位邊。Process Test Wafer - A wafer that can be used for processes

36、 as well as area cleanliness. 加工測(cè)試晶圓片 - 用于區(qū)域清潔過程中的晶圓片。Profilometer - A tool that is used for measuring surface topography.表面形貌劑 - 一種用來測(cè)量晶圓片表面形貌的工具。Resistivity (Electrical) - The amount of difficulty that charged carriers have in moving throughout material.電阻率(電學(xué)方面) - 材料反抗或?qū)闺姾稍谄渲型ㄟ^的一種物理特性。Required -

37、 The minimum specifications needed by the customer when ordering wafers.必需 - 訂購晶圓片時(shí)客戶必須達(dá)到的最小規(guī)格。Roughness - The texture found on the surface of the wafer that is spaced very closely together 粗糙度 - 晶圓片表面間隙很小的紋理。Saw Marks - Surface irregularities鋸痕 - 表面不規(guī)則。Scan Direction - In the flatness calculation,

38、the direction of the subsites.掃描方向 - 平整度測(cè)量中，局部平面的方向。Scanner Site Flatness - 局部平整度掃描儀 -Scratch - A mark that is found on the wafer surface.擦傷 - 晶圓片表面的痕跡。Secondary Flat - A flat that is smaller than the primary orientation flat. The position of this flat determines what type the wafer is, and also the

39、 orientation of the wafer.第二定位邊 - 比主定位邊小的定位邊，它的位置決定了晶圓片的類型和晶向。Shape - 形狀 -Site - An area on the front surface of the wafer that has sides parallel and perpendicular to the primary orientation flat. (This area is rectangular in shape) 局部表面 - 晶圓片前面上平行或垂直于主定位邊方向的區(qū)域。Site Array - a neighboring set of sites 局部表面系列 - 一系列的相關(guān)局部表面。Site Flatness -局部平整 -Slip - A defect pattern of small ridges found on the surface of the wafer.劃傷 - 晶圓片表面上的小皺造成的缺陷。Smudge - A defect or contamination found on the wafer caused by fingerprints.污跡 - 晶圓片上指紋造成的缺陷或污染。Sori -Striation - Defects or contaminations found in the s