Conversion轉(zhuǎn)換

1、Conversion 轉(zhuǎn)換Warm-up Compare the following translations:1. The international food shortage had a direct impact on Kuwait and other barren desert countries.至I際糧食的缺乏對(duì)科威特和其他不毛的沙漠國(guó)家產(chǎn)生了一種直接的影響.徵球性食品短缺現(xiàn)象直接影響了科威特等貧瘠的沙漠國(guó)家.Warm-up2. Pictures show him in the company of men like Churchill, Einstein and Gandhi.

2、7這些照片顯示他和邱吉爾、愛因斯坦、甘地這些人的交往.?£這些照片中我們可以看到他和邱吉爾、愛因斯坦、甘地這些人的交往.ContentsConversation in Part of Speech?司性的轉(zhuǎn)換Conversation in Sentence Components狗子成分的轉(zhuǎn)換Conversation in Sentence Pattern葡式的轉(zhuǎn)換Conversation in Voices“態(tài)的轉(zhuǎn)換詞性的轉(zhuǎn)換在譯過程中,如果絕對(duì)地根據(jù)原語的詞性進(jìn)行譯,有時(shí)譯文會(huì)顯得晦澀或不符合譯語的表達(dá)習(xí)慣.這時(shí),我們可 以對(duì)原語的詞性進(jìn)行轉(zhuǎn)換譯.英譯漢中常見的詞性轉(zhuǎn)換有以下幾個(gè)方

3、面：1 .轉(zhuǎn)譯成動(dòng)詞2 .轉(zhuǎn)譯成名詞3 .轉(zhuǎn)譯成形容詞4 .轉(zhuǎn)譯成副詞1.轉(zhuǎn)譯成動(dòng)詞A.英語中具有動(dòng)作意義的名詞,漢譯時(shí)往往可轉(zhuǎn)化為動(dòng)詞.They went on strike in demand of a 40 percent wage increase. 他們舉行罷工,要求工資方而40%An acquaintance of world history is helpful to the study of translation.逶1點(diǎn)世界史對(duì)學(xué)習(xí)譯是有幫助的.A view of Mt. E-mei can be obtained from here.從畫而以看到峨眉山.Difference

4、 between the social system of states shall not be an obstacle to their approach and cooperation.國(guó)與國(guó)之間社會(huì)制度的不同不應(yīng)阻礙幽的接近與合作.The origin of this particular culture is far from clearing. 這種奇特的文化根源遠(yuǎn)沒有弄清楚.Your job here is looking after the 01d.你在這里的工作是照顧老人.B.英語中加后綴-er , -or的名詞,在句中并不表身份和職業(yè),而是含有較強(qiáng)的動(dòng)作意義.He is n

5、o smoker, but his father is a chain-smoker.他倒不抽煙,但他的爸爸卻一支接一支地抽是個(gè)老煙槍C.介詞轉(zhuǎn)譯成動(dòng)詞The road to development is long but we are firmly on it. _開展的道路雖然漫長(zhǎng),可我們已堅(jiān)決地走了上這條路.He is walking in the park with an umbrella in his hand.他在公園散步,手里拿著二把傘.一It is our goal that the people in the undeveloped areas will be finally

6、 off poverty.我們的目標(biāo)是使不興旺地區(qū)的人民最終擺脫貧血一The company has advertised in the newspaper for electronic experts.公司在報(bào)上登廣告招聘電子方面的專家.D.副詞轉(zhuǎn)譯成動(dòng)詞She opened the window and let fresh air in. _她翻開窗子讓新鮮空氣進(jìn)去As he ran out, he forgot to have his shows on._他跑出去時(shí)忘記穿堂子了.一Let' s have an evening out at the theatre.我們到劇必1肖磨

7、一個(gè)晚上吧一E.形容詞轉(zhuǎn)譯成動(dòng)詞Integrity means you do what you do because it ' s right and not justfashionable or politically correct. 老實(shí)意味著去做你認(rèn)為對(duì)的事,而不僅僅是為了趕時(shí)髦或在政治上不出錯(cuò).Doctors have said that they are not sure they can save his life.醫(yī)生們說他們不敢肯定能否救得了他的命.一Is Mr. Smith familiar with the performance of the laborator

8、y equipment?史密斯先生熟悉實(shí)驗(yàn)室設(shè)備的性能嗎?Success is dependent on his effort.成功與否取決于他的努力.2 .轉(zhuǎn)譯成名詞3 .轉(zhuǎn)譯成形容詞Whentables and other materials are included , they should be conveniently placed , so that a student can consult them without turning over too many pages.當(dāng)書中列有表格或其他參考資料時(shí),應(yīng)當(dāng)將這些內(nèi)容編排在適當(dāng)?shù)奈恢?以便使學(xué)生在查閱時(shí),不必翻太多的書頁.Th

9、e engineer had prepared meticulously for his design.工程師為這次設(shè)計(jì)做了十分周密的準(zhǔn)備.His address impressed me deeply.他的講話給我留下很深的印象.The English language has changed subtly and pervasively.英語的變化很敏感,很普遍.Most teenagers feel no difficulty in learning and operating computers.絕大局部青少年在學(xué)習(xí)和操作電腦方面并不覺得困難.The instrument has be

10、en welcomed by users because of its stability in serviceability, reliability inoperation and simplicity in maintenance.該儀器性能穩(wěn)定,操作可靠,維護(hù)簡(jiǎn)便,因而受到用戶的歡送.4 .轉(zhuǎn)譯成副詞?Adjectives Adverbs由于英語中帶有動(dòng)作意味的名詞漢譯為動(dòng)詞,因而原文修飾名詞的形容詞也相應(yīng)地漢譯為副詞,以便修飾動(dòng)詞.The wide application of electronic machines in scientific work, in designing

11、and in economic calculations will free man from the labor of complicated computations.在科學(xué)研究、設(shè)計(jì)和經(jīng)濟(jì)計(jì)算方面廣泛地應(yīng)用電子計(jì)算機(jī)可以使人們從繁重的計(jì)算勞動(dòng)中解放出來.He is the right man I am looking for.他正是我要找的元一The witness was so frightened that he can ' t give a clear description of the robber.目擊者嚇壞了,沒法清楚地描述出強(qiáng)盜的長(zhǎng)相.B.NounsAdverbs

12、The man nodded with satisfaction.那人滿意地點(diǎn)了點(diǎn)頭.He had the honor to attend the congress.他榮幸地出席了代表大會(huì).句子成分的轉(zhuǎn)換 譯過程中,為了符合漢語的表達(dá)習(xí)慣,往往需要對(duì)句子成分進(jìn)行轉(zhuǎn)換：?1.非主語譯成主語0.非謂語譯成謂語?3非賓語譯成賓語2.非狀語譯成狀語1 .非主語譯成主語Television is different from radio in that it sends and receives pictures.電視和無線電的不同點(diǎn)在于電視睡發(fā)圖像.表語譯成主語Matter is usually el

13、ectrically neutral, that is, it has as many protons, as electrons.物質(zhì)通常是不帶電的,就是說,它的質(zhì)子和電子數(shù)量是相等的.賓語譯成主語2 .非謂語譯成謂語There is a need for improvement in your study habits.你的學(xué)習(xí)習(xí)慣需要改良.主語譯成謂語Success is dependent on his effort.成功與否而R他的努力.一表語譯成謂語3 .非賓語譯成賓語Hejs admired by everybody.美豪都很欽佩他主語譯成賓語Materials to be us

14、ed for structural purpose are chosen so as to behave elastically in the environmental condition.用于結(jié)構(gòu)上的材料要有所選擇,以保證它們?cè)谥車h(huán)境條件下具有彈性. 狀語譯成賓語4 .非狀語譯成狀語He drew a deep breath.他深深地吸了二定語譯成狀語Pictures show him in the company of men like Churchill, Einstein and Gandhi.在這些照片中我們可以看到他和邱吉爾、愛因斯坦、甘地這些人的交往.主語譯成狀語句式的轉(zhuǎn)換?

15、1.簡(jiǎn)單句轉(zhuǎn)譯成復(fù)合句0.復(fù)合句轉(zhuǎn)譯成簡(jiǎn)單句 簡(jiǎn)單句轉(zhuǎn)譯成復(fù)合句At the slightest improvement in my work they would show warm approval.我工作稍有進(jìn)步,他們就熱情肯定.復(fù)合句轉(zhuǎn)譯成簡(jiǎn)單句This causes the construction of gigantic buildings where too large masses of human beings are crowded together.這樣就蓋起了許多人聚居的高樓大廈.I don ' t like the way that, in which he

16、eyed me.我不喜歡他看我的那個(gè)樣子.語態(tài)的轉(zhuǎn)換The passive voice is more commonly used in English than in Chinese, especially in the writing of science and technology. In the sentences in which the doers are not necessarily told or known, the passive voice is used. And sometimes for the sake of connection of the context

17、, there occurs the passive voice. Since the passive structure seldom appears in Chinese, many passive sentences in English have to be turned into active sentences in Chinese.才巴被動(dòng)語態(tài)譯成漢語被動(dòng)句The company was enjoined from using false advertising.這家公司被禁止使用虛假?gòu)V告.當(dāng)句中不出現(xiàn)行為主體時(shí),有時(shí)可以在謂語前使用“被字來表示被動(dòng)意義.語態(tài)的轉(zhuǎn)換All aro

18、und, the hill were black with oil, and some were hidden by gas and drifting oil spray.四周,由于蒙上了一層油,山巒是黑色的,有的山巒那么被天然氣和風(fēng)中飄灑的噴油這擋住了.The thrust force of an airplane is produced by th propeller.飛機(jī)的推力由螺旋槳說產(chǎn)生.在行為主體前使用“被 “由 “受 “給等字后面,在動(dòng)詞前,有一個(gè)名詞作為該動(dòng)詞的邏輯主語.Poets are born, but orators are made.詩人是天生的,而演說家那么是后天造

19、就的.Footprints on the sands of time are not made by sitting down.沙灘上的足跡是走出來的.In his late thirties he was almost knowcked down in his despondency of the unsuccessful career.近四十歲時(shí),由于事業(yè)上的挫折,他幾乎為失意所毀.“是的、“為所這些句子著重說明一件事情是怎樣做成或造成的. 語態(tài)的轉(zhuǎn)換The laws of motion will be discussed in the next articles.運(yùn)動(dòng)定律將在下文中予以討

20、論.The details of the facade will be further fitted up to match the interior.鋪面將進(jìn)一步加以裝修,使之與室內(nèi)裝飾渾然一體.使用“加以、“予以、“得以字樣表達(dá)被動(dòng)含義.B.把被動(dòng)語態(tài)譯成漢語主動(dòng)句His pride must be pinched.他這股傲氣應(yīng)該打下去.當(dāng)英語被動(dòng)句中的主語是無生命的名詞,而且句中一般沒有由介詞by引導(dǎo)的行為主體時(shí),這種句子常常可譯成漢語的主動(dòng)句,而不需加什么詞.In some of the European countries, the people are given the bigg

21、est social benefits such as medical insurance.在有些歐洲國(guó)家里,人民享受最廣泛的社會(huì)福利,如醫(yī)療保險(xiǎn)等.我工作稍有進(jìn)步,他們就熱情肯定.The result of the invention of the stream engine was that human power was replaced by mechanical power.蒸汽機(jī)創(chuàng)造的結(jié)果是,機(jī)械力代替了人力.當(dāng)被動(dòng)句中有地點(diǎn)狀語,由介詞 by “引導(dǎo)的方式狀語及" from "等表示的其它狀語時(shí),有時(shí)可把這種狀語譯成主語,將介詞省略,而把原主語譯成賓語.C.把

22、被動(dòng)語態(tài)譯成漢語無主句Power would be gotten if there were money to get it with.有了錢,就會(huì)以錢謀權(quán).If water is heated, the molecules move more quickly.如果把水加熱,水分子就運(yùn)動(dòng)得更快.D.習(xí)慣譯法It ' s believed that her plans for a movie career had all been merely a pipe dream.有人說她那些當(dāng)明星的方案全都是些遐想罷了.英語中以" it “作形式主語,以被動(dòng)語態(tài)作謂語,其后跟一個(gè)由that引導(dǎo)的主語從句的結(jié)構(gòu)很多.這種結(jié)構(gòu)在譯成漢語時(shí),it 一律省略,在被動(dòng)語態(tài)前加人們“、有人“、大家等詞,或者用據(jù)“等短語譯出.It ' s estimated that Americans spend up to five years of their lives in that tedious, stressful but unavoidable process known as waiting.據(jù)估計(jì),美國(guó)人一生中,在乏味而令人厭煩,卻