高中直接引語和間接引語講義(教師版學(xué)生版)Word版

1、高中直接引語變間接引語精講精練大全 教師用講義+學(xué)生用資料直接引語變間接引語（教師用）引入：He said, “I am very sorry. ”He said that he was very sorry. （教師在黑板上寫下兩個句子，要求學(xué)生把句子謄抄到他們手里學(xué)生用資料上，提問學(xué)生“這兩個句子之間有什么了解和區(qū)別？”）原理、規(guī)則精講1、 何謂“引語”？： 引述（引用）或轉(zhuǎn)述（轉(zhuǎn)達(dá)）別人的話稱為“引語”。 直接引語 ：（引用） 間接引語 ：（轉(zhuǎn)達(dá)）直接引用別人的原話(兩邊用引號“ ”標(biāo)出)。用自己的語言轉(zhuǎn)述別人的話(不需要引號)。2、 “直接引語” V.S. “間接引語”區(qū)別：了解：（上

2、圖所示）都是“引語”l 所以：兩者可以相互轉(zhuǎn)換。l 考點：“直引”轉(zhuǎn)化為“間引”。l 重要概念： 引述動詞 （引述分句）He said（引述動詞） that he was very sorry . （轉(zhuǎn)述分句） 要求學(xué)生把“引述動詞填入said右邊的斜括號中”3、 如何轉(zhuǎn)換？1 改寫以下“三方面”人稱；時間狀語、地點狀語時態(tài)句式詞 對 詞式 對 式義 對 義4、 “ 詞 對 詞 ”l 人稱的轉(zhuǎn)變：“一隨主，二隨賓，第三人稱不更新” “一隨主” 是指在直接引語變間接引語時，如果從句中的主語是第一人稱或被第一人稱所修飾。從句中的人稱要按照主句中主語的人稱變化如： She said,My broth

3、er wants to go with me. She said her brother wanted to go with her. “二隨賓” 是指直接引語變間接引語時，若從句中的主語及賓語是第二人稱?；虮坏诙四闼揎?。從句中的人稱要跟引號外的主句的賓語一致。如果引號外的主句沒有賓語。也可以用第一人稱，如： He said to Kate. How is your sister now?He asked Kate how her sister was then. “第三人稱不更新” 是指直接引語變間接引語時。如果從句中的主語及賓語是第三人稱或被第三人稱所修飾從句中的人稱一般不需要變化如：

4、Mr Smith said, Jack is a good worker. Mr Smith said Jack was a good worker. He said, “I am very sorry. He said that he was very sorry. She said to her son, “Ill check your homework tonight. ” She said to her son that she would check his homework that night. l 時間狀語、地點狀語、某些對比性的指示代詞和動詞：較固定，量身打造?！霸~對詞”狀語

5、轉(zhuǎn)換一覽表時間狀語地點狀語某些指示代詞某些方向性動詞now thentodaythat day This week/yearthat week/yearyesterdaythe day before last week/yearthe week /yeartwo days agotwo days beforetomorrowthe next /following daynext weekthe next/following weekin three hoursthree hours later/afterwardsherethere thisthat thesethose comego bri

6、ngtake 5、 “ 式 對 式 ”1 時態(tài)的轉(zhuǎn)變：l “時態(tài)逆移規(guī)則”“I am very glad to visit your school”, she said. She said she was very glad to visit our school. Tom said, “We are listening to the pop music. ” EXE.Tom said that they _were_ listening to the pop music. Mother asked, “Have you finished your homework before you wa

7、tch TV?” Mother asked me whether I _had_ _f inishied_ my homework before I _watched_TV. 即，“時態(tài)逆移規(guī)則”：直接引語改為間接引語時，只有在引述動詞（主句動詞）如果是過去時，轉(zhuǎn)述分句(從句)的謂語動詞在時態(tài)方面要作相應(yīng)的變化，變成過去時范疇的各種時態(tài) :時態(tài)逆移一覽表(箭頭右側(cè)為空)一般式進(jìn)行式完成式一般過去時 過去完成時一般現(xiàn)在時 一般過去時一般將來時 過去將來時過去進(jìn)行時、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時 過去進(jìn)行時將來進(jìn)行時 過去將來進(jìn)行時過去完成時、現(xiàn)在完成時 過去完成時將來完成時 過去將來完成時2 有時，轉(zhuǎn)述分句的時態(tài)

8、無需逆移，不能逆移或不逆移l 以下為無時態(tài)逆移的例子，試總結(jié)規(guī)律：He always says, “I am tired out. ” He always says that he is tired out. He will say, “Ill try my best to help you. ” He will say that he will try his best to help me. He said, “I went to college in 1994. ” He told us that he went to college in 1994. He said，“When I w

9、as a child, I usually played football after school. ” n He said that when he was a child, he usually played football after school. Our teacher said to us, “Light travels faster than sound. ” Our teacher told us that light travels faster than sound. He said，“Practice makes perfect. ” He said that pra

10、ctice makes perfect.He said, “She must be a teacher. ” He said that she must be a teacher. The doctor said, “Youd better drink plenty of water. ” The doctor said Id better drink plenty of water. 無“時態(tài)逆移”一覽表：無需逆移不能逆移不逆移引述動詞=“一般現(xiàn)在時”引述動詞=“一般將來時”轉(zhuǎn)述分句含具體時間狀語轉(zhuǎn)述分句由when/while引導(dǎo)當(dāng)場轉(zhuǎn)述引述分句=“過去進(jìn)行時”引述分句=“過去完成時”轉(zhuǎn)述分

11、句=自然現(xiàn)象/客觀真理轉(zhuǎn)述分句=諺語、格言轉(zhuǎn)述分句含：l should , would , could , mightl must, ought to , need , darel had better , used to , would ratherl 保持事件狀態(tài)真實性。He said that government policy is not to sell arms to sensitive areas.提示：亙古不變的事實：is曾經(jīng)如此，但今非昔比：was6、 ” 義 對 義“l(fā) 轉(zhuǎn)述分句 必須用陳述句l 陳述句以外的其他句型：句子形式=意義。轉(zhuǎn)述時：句型涵義詞語釋義，以保全句意。1

12、 陳述句：轉(zhuǎn)述詞said, 也可用told來代替，可以說said that, said to sb that, told sb thatHe said, “I have been to the Great Wall. ” nHe said to us that he had been to the Great Wall. (板書) He said, “Ill give you an examination next Monday. ” He told us that he would give us an examination the next Monday. 2 一般疑問句：“是/否”nH

13、e said, “Do you have any difficulty with pronunciation?” nHe asked (me) whether/if I had any difficulty with my pronunciation. (板書) He said, “You are interested in English, arent you?” nHe asked whether I was interested in English. 3 特殊疑問句：“是什么/在哪里”nHe said to me，“Whats your name?” He asked me what

14、my name was. (板書) He asked us, “How many car factories have been built in your country?” nHe asked us how many car factories had been built in our country.4 選擇疑問句：“是A/B”nHe asked, “Do you speak English or French?” nHe asked me whether I spoke English or French. (板書) I asked, “Will you take bus or ta

15、ke train?” nI asked him whether he would take bus or take train. n 注意：用whetheror表達(dá)，而不用ifor，也不用eitheror 5 祈使句：1) 目的：讓某人做某事2) 轉(zhuǎn)述動詞：tell (ask, order, warn, advise等) sb. (not) to do sth. “Listen to me carefully, please.” the teacher said to us.The teacher told us to listen to him carefully. “Dont play f

16、ootball in the street.” The policeman told the children not to play football in the street.【溫馨提示】如果祈使句中出現(xiàn)了please, 在間接引語中必須省略。3) 有些表示建議、提議、勸告或要求的祈使句，可以用suggest ,insist等轉(zhuǎn)述。如：v He said, Lets go to the theatre. He suggested (our )going to the theatre. 或He suggested that we go to the theatre. v Would you

17、 mind opening the window? he asked. He asked me to open the window. v Why dont you take a walk after supper? he asked . he advised me to take a walk after supper. v Shall we listen to the music? he asked. He suggested listening to the music. 或He suggested that we listen to the music.6 感嘆句：1) 目的：感嘆，強(qiáng)

18、烈表達(dá)某事2) 變感嘆句為間接引語，用what, how或that來引述。如：“What a beautiful house it is!” he said to me. He told me what a beautiful house it was. 或者He told me that it was a beautiful house.“義對義”句型轉(zhuǎn)換一覽表一般疑問句特殊疑問句選擇疑問句祈使句感嘆句If/whetherwhat/where/when/how/why/which/who/whosewhether.or.不定式復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)l whatl howl that轉(zhuǎn)化、運用精練I. 從A

19、、B、C、D四個選項中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。1. He asked me _ I would go to Beijing by air the next day. A. that if B. if C. that whether D. how2. Joyce, please dont open the window. Pardon? I _ open the window. A. tell you dont B. tell you not to C. told you didnt D. told you not to3. He _ they didnt start early the

20、y wouldnt catch the first bus. A. said that if B. asked if C. asked whether D. said that whether4. He asked _ for the violin. A. did I pay how much B. I paid how much C. how much I paid D. how much did I pay 5. The teacher asked us _ so much noise. (北京2003) A. dont make B. not make C. not making D.

21、not to make 6. The doctor asked me what _ with me. A. is wrong B. wrong is C. was wrong D. wrong was 7. He asked the boy where _. A. his mother was B. was his mother C. his mother is D. is his mother8. They said at last that they _ better start out at once. A. had had B. had C. had been D. was 9. Th

22、e teacher said that doubt _ the key of knowledge. A. were B. are C. was D. is10. The actor said he _ born in 1984. A. was B. is C. be D. had beenII. 將下列“直接引語”變?yōu)殚g接引語。(轉(zhuǎn)述部分已為你寫出)1. Mr. Stone said, “May I have a cup of tea?” Mr. Stone _ .2. The nurse said, “Let the children wash their hands themselves.

23、” The nurse _ .3. My uncle said, “Do not open the window.” My uncle _ .4. John asked Mary, “ What do you know about the sea?” John asked Mary _ .5. The teacher said, “The sun rises in the east and sets in the west.” The teacher said that _ .將下列間接引語還原為“直接引語”。1. The teacher told Tom to be careful with

24、 his pronunciation. _ .2. She asked me to open the door. _ .3. My mother advised me to have a good rest. _ .4. Peter asked me when I would leave Athens. _ .5.He asked me how I was getting along with my studies then._ .高考NEW題型對接高考短文填空題型應(yīng)對練習(xí)將所給直接引語變?yōu)殚g接引語，每空一詞：1. “I am having supper,” he said. He said

25、that _ _ having supper.2. “Ive seen the film,” Gina said to me. Gina _ me that she _ _ the film. 3. “I went home with my sister,” she said. She said that _ _ _ home with her sister.4. The teacher said, “The sun is bigger than the moon.”The teacher said that the sun _ bigger than the moon.5. “I met h

26、er yesterday,” he said to me.He told me that he _ met her the day _.6. “You must come here before five,” he said.He said that I _ to go _ before five.7. “I bought the computer two weeks ago,” she said.She said that she _ bought the computer two weeks _.8. “Did you read the book last week?” he said.H

27、e _ _ I had read the book the week _.9. He said, “You can sit here, Jim.”He _ Jim that he _ sit there10.He asked, “How did you find it, mother?”He asked her mother _ _ _ found it.11. “Where have you been these days?” he asked.He asked me _ _ _ been _ days. 12 “Do you know where she lives?” he asked.

28、He asked _ _ knew where she _.13. “Keep quiet, children.” he said. He _ the children _ _ quiet.14. “Dont look out of the window,” she said.She told me _ _ _ out of the window. 15. “Are you interested in this?” he said.He _ _ I was interested in _.【 參考答案 】:I. 1-5 BDACD 6-10 CABDA II. 1. Mr. Stone ask

29、ed if / whether he might have a cup of tea. 2. The nurse suggested (that) the children (should) wash their hands themselves. 3. My uncle told us not to open the window. 4. John asked Mary what she knew about the sea. 5. The teacher said that the sun rises in the east and sets in the west. 1. The tea

30、cher said, “Be careful with your pronunciation, Tom.” 2. “Would you please open the door?” she asked. 3. “Why not have a good rest?” my mother said to me. 4. “When will you leave Athens?” Peter asked me. 5. He asked me, “How are you getting along with your studies now? . 高考短文填空題型應(yīng)對練習(xí)-答案詳解1. he, was。

31、在直接引語變?yōu)殚g接引語時，代詞I要變?yōu)閔e；主句為過去時態(tài)，賓語從句通常要將時態(tài)往后推一個，即現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時am having變?yōu)檫^去進(jìn)行時was having。2. told, had, seen。直接引語中的said to sb在變?yōu)殚g接引語時應(yīng)改為told sb；現(xiàn)在完成時have seen改為過去完成時had seen。3. she, had, gone。直接引語變?yōu)殚g接引語時，人稱代詞I 應(yīng)變?yōu)閟he；一般過去時went改為過去完成時had gone。4. is。直接引語變?yōu)殚g接引語時，若直接引語為客觀真理，則變?yōu)殚g接引語時時態(tài)不變。5. had, before。直接引語是一般過去時me

32、t，變?yōu)殚g接引語時應(yīng)改為過去完成時had met；時間狀語yesterday應(yīng)改為the day before。6. had, there。如直接引語中的謂語動詞含有情態(tài)動詞must，變?yōu)殚g接引語時用had to；地點狀語here 相應(yīng)地改為there。7. had, before。直接引語是一般過去時bought，變?yōu)殚g接引語時應(yīng)改為過去完成時had bought；時間狀語two weeks ago應(yīng)改為two weeks before。8. asked, if (whether), before。當(dāng)直接引語是一般疑問句，變?yōu)殚g接引語時said應(yīng)改為asked，然后加上連接詞if或wheth

33、er；時間狀語last week 改為the week before。9. told, could。根據(jù)句意第一空應(yīng)用動詞told；直接引語中含有情態(tài)動詞can，變?yōu)殚g接引語時應(yīng)改為could。10. how, she, had。如果直接引語是特殊疑問句，變?yōu)殚g接引語時仍用how引導(dǎo)，疑問句語序改為陳述句語序，一般過去時改為過去將來時。11. where, I, had, those。直接引語是特殊疑問句，變?yōu)殚g接引語時仍用where引導(dǎo)，疑問句語序改為陳述句語序，現(xiàn)在完成時改為過去完成時，指示代詞these相應(yīng)地變?yōu)閠hose。12. if (whether), I, lived。直接引語是

34、一般疑問句，變?yōu)殚g接引語時應(yīng)用if或whether引導(dǎo)，人稱you和動詞時態(tài)lives也相應(yīng)地變?yōu)镮 和lived。13. told, to, keep。如直接引語為肯定的祈使句時，在變?yōu)殚g接引語時，可使用ask tell, order sb to do sth這一結(jié)構(gòu)進(jìn)行轉(zhuǎn)換。14. not, to, look。如直接引語為否定的祈使句時，在變?yōu)殚g接引語時，可使用ask tell, order sb not to do sth這一結(jié)構(gòu)進(jìn)行轉(zhuǎn)換。15.asked, if (whether), that。根據(jù)所給的句子，直接引語是一般疑問句，變?yōu)殚g接引語時，主句謂語動詞應(yīng)用asked；再用if或

35、whether引導(dǎo)賓語從句，批示代詞this相應(yīng)地變?yōu)閠hat。 直接引語和間接引語（學(xué)生用）分別抄寫下老師給出的2個句子，并思考它們之間的異同：_原理、規(guī)則精講l 何謂“引語”？： 引述（引用）或轉(zhuǎn)述（轉(zhuǎn)達(dá)）別人的話稱為“引語”。 直接引語 ：（引用） 間接引語 ：（轉(zhuǎn)達(dá)）l “直接引語” V.S. “間接引語”區(qū)別：了解：2 所以：兩者可以相互轉(zhuǎn)換。3 考點：“直引”轉(zhuǎn)化為“間引”。4 重要概念： 引述動詞 （引述分句）He said（ ） that he was very sorry . （轉(zhuǎn)述分句） 在“（ ）”填入said在間接引語中的身份。l 如何轉(zhuǎn)換？l 改寫以下“三方面”人稱；

36、時間狀語、地點狀語時態(tài)句式l 詞對詞l 人稱的轉(zhuǎn)變：“一隨主，二隨賓，第三人稱不更新” 是指在直接引語變間接引語時，如果從句中的主語是第一人稱或被第一人稱所修飾。從句中的人稱要按照主句中主語的人稱變化如： She said,My brother wants to go with me. She said her brother wanted to go with her. 是指直接引語變間接引語時，若從句中的主語及賓語是第二人稱。或被第二人你所修飾。從句中的人稱要跟引號外的主句的賓語一致。如果引號外的主句沒有賓語。也可以用第一人稱，如： He said to Kate. How is your

37、 sister now?He asked Kate how her sister was then. 是指直接引語變間接引語時。如果從句中的主語及賓語是第三人稱或被第三人稱所修飾從句中的人稱一般不需要變化如：Mr Smith said, Jack is a good worker.Mr Smith said Jack was a good worker. He said, “I am very sorry. He said that he was very sorry. She said to her son, “Ill check your homework tonight. ” She s

38、aid to her son that she would check his homework that night. l 時間狀語、地點狀語、某些對比性的指示代詞和動詞：較固定，量身打造。(見下頁狀語轉(zhuǎn)換一覽表)“詞對詞”狀語轉(zhuǎn)換一覽表時間狀語地點狀語某些指示代詞某些方向性動詞nowtodayThis week/yearyesterday last week/yeartwo days agotomorrownext weekin three hours.hereThisTheseComeBringl 式對式1 時態(tài)的轉(zhuǎn)變：l “時態(tài)逆移規(guī)則”“I am very glad to visit

39、 your school”, she said. She said she was very glad to visit our school. Tom said, “We are listening to the pop music. ” EXE.Tom said that they _ listening to the pop music. Mother asked, “Have you finished your homework before you watch TV?” Mother asked me whether I _ _ my homework before I _TV. 即

40、，“時態(tài)逆移規(guī)則”：直接引語改為間接引語時，只有在引述動詞（主句動詞）如果是過去時，轉(zhuǎn)述分句(從句)的謂語動詞在時態(tài)方面要作相應(yīng)的變化，變成過去時范疇的各種時態(tài) : (見下頁逆移表)時態(tài)逆移一覽表一般式進(jìn)行式完成式l 一般過去時 _ l 一般現(xiàn)在時 _ l 一般將來時 _ l 過去進(jìn)行時l 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時 _ l 將來進(jìn)行時 _ l 過去完成時l 現(xiàn)在完成時 _ l 將來完成時 _ l 有時，轉(zhuǎn)述分句的時態(tài)無需逆移，不能逆移或不逆移 以下為無時態(tài)逆移的例子，試總結(jié)規(guī)律：1.He always says, “I am tired out. ” He always says that he is ti

41、red out. 2.He will say, “Ill try my best to help you. ” He will say that he will try his best to help me. 3 He said, “I went to college in 1994. ” He told us that he went to college in 1994. 4 He said，“When I was a child, I usually played football after school. ” He said that when he was a child, he

42、 usually played football after school. 5 Our teacher said to us, “Light travels faster than sound. ” nOur teacher told us that light travels faster than sound. 6 He said，“Practice makes perfect. ” He said that practice makes perfect. 7 He said, “She must be a teacher. ” He said that she must be a te

43、acher. 8 The doctor said, “Youd better drink plenty of water. ”The doctor said Id better drink plenty of water. 無“時態(tài)逆移”一覽表：無需逆移不能逆移不逆移引述動詞=_引述動詞=_轉(zhuǎn)述分句含_時間狀語轉(zhuǎn)述分句由_引導(dǎo)當(dāng)場轉(zhuǎn)述引述分句=_引述分句=_轉(zhuǎn)述分句=_轉(zhuǎn)述分句=_轉(zhuǎn)述分句含：should ,_； must ,_； had better, _.保持事件狀態(tài)真實性。He said that government policy is not to sell arms to sens

44、itive areas.提示：亙古不變的事實：is曾經(jīng)如此，但今非昔比：wasl 義對義n 轉(zhuǎn)述分句 必須用陳述句n 陳述句以外的其他句型：句子形式=意義。轉(zhuǎn)述時：句型涵義詞語釋義，以保全句意。1 陳述句：轉(zhuǎn)述詞said, 也可用told來代替，可以說said that, said to sb that, told sb thatn He said, “I have been to the Great Wall. ” n He said to us that he had been to the Great Wall. 2 一般疑問句：“是/否”n He said, “Do you have

45、any difficulty with pronunciation?” n He asked (me) whether/if I had any difficulty with my pronunciation. 3 特殊疑問句：“是什么/在哪里”n He said to me，“Whats your name?” He asked me what my name was. 4 選擇疑問句：“是A/B”n He asked, “Do you speak English or French?” n He asked me whether I spoke English or French. n

46、注意：用whetheror表達(dá)，而不用ifor，也不用eitheror 5 祈使句：4) 目的：讓某人做某事5) 轉(zhuǎn)述動詞：tell (ask, order, warn, advise等) sb. (not) to do sth. “Listen to me carefully, please.” the teacher said to us.The teacher told us to listen to him carefully. “Dont play football in the street.” The policeman told the children not to play

47、 football in the street.【溫馨提示】如果祈使句中出現(xiàn)了please, 在間接引語中必須省略。6) 有些表示建議、提議、勸告或要求的祈使句，可以用suggest ,insist等轉(zhuǎn)述。如：3) He said, Lets go to the theatre. He suggested (our )going to the theatre. 或He suggested that we go to the theatre. 4) Would you mind opening the window? he asked. He asked me to open the window. 5) Why dont you take a walk after supper? he asked . he advised me to take a walk after supper. 6) Shall we l