九年級英語下冊Unit 4 Great people學(xué)案牛津版

1、unit 4語法輔導(dǎo)（一） 限定性定語從句1. that即可代表事物也可代表人，which代表事物；它們在從句中作主語或賓語，that在從句中作賓語時?？墒÷躁P(guān)系詞，which在從句中作賓語則不能省略。而且，如果which在從句中作“不及物動詞介詞”的介詞的賓語，注意介詞不要丟掉，而且介詞總是放在關(guān)系代詞which的前邊，但有的則放在它原來的位置 。2. which作賓語時，根據(jù)先行詞與定語從句之間的語義關(guān)系，先行詞與which之間的介詞不能丟。3. 代表物時多用which，但在帶有下列詞的句子中用that而不用which，這些詞包括all, anything, much等，這時的that常被

2、省略 。4. who和whom引導(dǎo)的從句用來修飾人，分別作從句中的主語和賓語，whom作賓語時，要注意它可以作動詞的賓語也可以作介詞的賓語 。5. where是關(guān)系副詞，用來表示地點的定語從句 。6. when引導(dǎo)定語從句表示時間注值得一提的是，表示時間“time"一詞的定語從句只用when引導(dǎo)，有時不用任何關(guān)系代詞，當(dāng)然也不用that引導(dǎo) 。by the time you arrive in london, we will have stayed there for two weeks. i still remember the first time i met her. each

3、 time he goes to business trip, he brings a lot of living necessities, such as towers, soap, toothbrush etc. 7. whose是關(guān)系代詞，修飾名詞作定語，相當(dāng)于所修飾成分的前置所有格。 8. 當(dāng)從句的邏輯主語是some, any, no, somebody, anybody, nobody, something, anything, everything或nothing時，常用there is來引導(dǎo)。（二）定語從句及相關(guān)術(shù)語1.定語從句：修飾一個名詞或代詞的從句稱為定語從句，一般緊跟在它

4、所修飾的先行詞后面。2.關(guān)系詞：引導(dǎo)定語從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞成為關(guān)系詞關(guān)系詞有關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞。關(guān)系代詞有that, which, who, whom, whose, as等；關(guān)系副詞有where, when, why等。關(guān)系詞常有3個作用：1，引導(dǎo)定語從句。2，代替先行詞。3，在定語從句中擔(dān)當(dāng)一個成分。（三）關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句1.who指人，在從句中做主語。(1) the boys who are playing football are from class one.(2) yesterday i helped an old man who lost his way.2. whom指人，在定

5、語從句中充當(dāng)賓語，常可省略。(1) mr. liu is the person (whom) you talked about on the bus.(2) mr. ling is just the boy whom i want to see.注意：關(guān)系代詞whom在口語和非正式語體中常用who代替，可省略。(3) the man who/whom you met just now is my friend.3.which指物，在定語從句中做主語或者賓語，做賓語時可省略。(1) football is a game which is liked by most boys.(2) this i

6、s the pen (which) he bought yesterday. 如果在從句中做賓語,就用whom或who.比如: he is the man whom/who i talk to. 如果是在從句中作主語就只能用who.比如: he is the man who has an english book.4. that指人時，相當(dāng)于who或者whom；指物時，相當(dāng)于which。在定語從句中做主語或者賓語，做賓語時可省略。(5) the number of the people that/who come to visit the city each year rises one mi

7、llion.(6) where is the man that/whom i saw this morning?5. whose通常指人，也可指物，在定語從句中做定語。(1) he has a friend whose father is a doctor.(2) i once lived in a house whose roof has fallen in.whose指物時，常用以下結(jié)構(gòu)來代替。(3) the classroom whose door is broken will soon be repaired.(4) the classroom the door of which is

8、 broken will soon be repaired.(5) do you like the book whose cover is yellow?(6) do you like the book the color of which is yellow?（四）注意介詞+關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中做介詞賓語時。從句常由介詞+關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)(1) the school (that/which) he once studied in is very famous.(2) the school in which he once studied is very famous.(3)

9、 tomorrow i will bring here a magazine (that/which) you asked for.(4) tomorrow i will bring here a magazine for which you asked.(5) well go to hear the famous singer (whom/that/who) we have often talked about.(6) well go to hear the famous singer about whom we have often talked.注意：1. 含有介詞的動詞短語一般不拆開使

10、用，如：look for, look after, take care of等。(1) this is the watch which/that i am looking for. (t)(2) this is the watch for which i am looking. (f)2. 若介詞放在關(guān)系代詞前，關(guān)系代詞指人時用whom，不可用who或者that；指物時用which，不能用that；關(guān)系代詞是所有格時用whose。(1) the man with whom you talked is my friend. (t)(2) the man who/that you talked w

11、ith is my friend. (f)(3) the plane in which we flew to canada is very comfortable. (t)(4) the plane in that we flew in to canada is very comfortable. (f)3. “介詞+關(guān)系代詞”前可有some, any, none, both, all, neither, most, each, few等代詞或者數(shù)詞。(1) he loved his parents deeply, both of whom are very kind to him.(2) i

12、n the basket there are quite many apples, some of which have gone bad.(3) there are forty students in our class in all, most of whom are from big cities.（五）關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句1. when指時間，在定語從句中做時間狀語。(1) i still remember the day when i first came to the school.(2) the time when we got together finally came.2.

13、 where指地點，在定語從句中做地點狀語。(1) shanghai is the city where i was born.(2) the house where i lived ten years ago has been pulled down.3. why指原因，在定語從句中做原因狀語。(1) please tell me the reason why you missed the plane.(2) i dont know the reason why he looks unhappy today.注意：關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的從句可以由“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的從句替換。(1) the re

14、ason why/ for which he refused the invitation is not clear,(2) from the year when/in which he was going to school he began to know what he wanted when he grew up.(3) great changes have taken place in the city in which./where i was born. （六）關(guān)系代詞that 的用法。(1)不用that的情況。 (a) 在引導(dǎo)非限定性定語從句時。(錯)the tree, tha

15、t is four hundred years old, is very famous here.(b) 介詞后不能用。we depend on the land from which we get our food.we depend on the land that/which we get our food from.(2) 只能用that作為定語從句的關(guān)系代詞的情況。(a)在there be 句型中，只用that，不用which。(b)在不定代詞，如：anything, nothing, the one, all, much, few, any, little等作先行詞時，只用that

16、，不用which。(c)先行詞有the only, the very,the same,the last,just修飾時，只用that。(d)先行詞為序數(shù)詞、數(shù)詞、形容詞最高級時，只用that。.(e)先行詞既有人，又有物時。(f)    先行詞指物，在主句中作表語時(g)   為了避免重復(fù)(h)先行詞是the way時。舉例：is  this the book that you borrowed in the library?這是你在圖書館借的那本書嗎？who that break the window should be puni

17、shed誰打碎了窗戶都要受到懲罰 all that is needed is a supply of oil. 所需的只是供油問題。 finally, the thief handed everything that he had stolen to the police. 那賊最終把偷的全部東西交給了警察。（七）難點分析（一）限制性定語從句只能用that的幾種情況。1當(dāng)先行詞是anything, everything, nothing (something 除外), few, all, none, little, some等代詞時，或者是由every, any, all, some, no,

18、 little, few, much等修飾時。(1) have you taken down everything that mr. li has said?(2) there seems to be nothing that seems impossible for him in the world.(3) all that can be done has been done.(4) there is little that i can do for you.注意：當(dāng)先行詞指人時，偶爾也可以用who。(4) any man that/.who has a sense of duty wont do such a thin