2020-2021最新高考英語閱讀理解練習題(含答案)(2)

1、2020-2021 最新 高考英語 閱讀理解練習題（含答案）一、高中英語閱讀理解1 閱讀理解Thirteen vehicles lined up last March to race across the Mojave Desert, seeking a million in prize money. To win, they had to finish the 142-mile race in less than 10 hours. Teams and watchers knew there might be no winner at all, because these vehicles

2、were missing a key part drivers.DARPA, the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency, organized the race as part of a push to develop robotic vehicles for future battlefields. But the Grand Challenge, as it was called, just proved how difficult it is to get a car to speed across an unfamiliar desert

3、 without human guidance. One had its brake lock up in the starting area. Another began by throwing itself onto a wall. Another got tied up by bushes near the road after 1.9 miles.One turned upside down. One took off in entirely the wrong direction and had to be disabled by remote control. One went a

4、 little more than a mile and rushed into a fence; another managed to go for six miles but stuck on a rock. The winner, if there was any, reached 7.8 miles before it ran into a long, narrow hole, and the front wheels caught on fire.You get a lot of respect for natural abilities of the living things,

5、says Reinhold Behringer, who helped design two of the car-size vehicles for a company called Sci-Autonics. Even ants （ 螞蟻 ） can do all these tasks effortlessly. Its very hard for us to put these abilities into our machines.The robotic vehicles, though with necessary modern equipment such as advanced

6、 computers and GPS guidance, had trouble figuring out fast enough the blocks ahead that a two-year-old human recognizes immediately. Sure, that very young child, who has just only learned to walk, may not think to wipe apple juice off her face, but she already knows that when theres a cookie in the

7、kitchen she has to climb up the table, and that when she gets to the cookie it will taste good. She is more advanced, even months old, than any machine humans have designed.（ 1 ） Watchers doubted if any of the vehicles could finish the race because.A. they did not have any human guidanceB. the road

8、was not familiar to the driversC. the distance was too long for the vehiclesD. the prize money was unattractive to the drivers（ 2 ） DARPA organized the race in order to.A. raise money for producing more robotic vehiclesB. push the development of vehicle industryC. train more people to drive in the d

9、esertD. improve the vehicles for future wars（3） From the passage we know robotic vehicles are a kind of machines that .A. can do effortlessly whatever tasks living thing canB. can take part in a race across 142 miles with a time limitC. can show off their ability to turn themselves upside downD. can

10、 move from place to place without being driven by human beings（4） In the last paragraph, the writer implies that there is a long way to go.A. for a robotic vehicle to finish a 142-mile race without any difficultiesB. for a little child who has just learned to walk to reach the cookie on the tableC.

11、for a robotic vehicle to deal with a simple problem that a little child can solveD. for a little child to understand the importance of wiping apple juice off its face【答案】 （ 1 ） A（2） D（3） D（4） C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，介紹了DARPA組織一次汽車越野比賽，目的是想改進未來戰(zhàn)場上的機器人汽車，并介紹了這些機器汽車的優(yōu)點和缺點。（ 1）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第一段中的 “ Teams and watch

12、ers knew there might be no winner at all, because these vehicles were missing a key part drivers. 車隊和觀眾都知道可能根本沒有”贏家，因為這些車缺少了一個關(guān)鍵的部分司機。可知，這些汽車都沒有駕駛員。故選A。（ 2 ）考查細節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第二段中的 “ DARPAt,he Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency, organized the race as part of a push to develop robotic vehicles for futu

13、re battlefields. 美 國國防部高級研究計劃局（DARPA珥織了這次比賽，作為推動未來戰(zhàn)場機器人車輛發(fā)展的一部分。可以推測，DARPA組織這次比賽是軍事目的是想改進未來戰(zhàn)爭用車，故選 Do（ 3）考查詞義猜測。根據(jù)第二段中的“ But the Grand Challenge, as it was called, jus t provedhow difficult it is to get a car to speed across an unfamiliar desert without human guidance. 但這 項被稱為 “大挑戰(zhàn) ”的項目恰恰證明了，在沒有人類引導(dǎo)

14、的情況下，讓一輛汽車快速穿越一片陌生的沙漠是多么困難?？梢酝茢喑?“ robotic vehicles 是一種不要人操作的汽車，故選”D。（ 4）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)最后一段中的“ sheis more advanced.than any machine. 可知機”器遠不如人的智力。故選C。【點評】本題考點涉及細節(jié)理解，詞義猜測和推理判斷三個題型的考查，是一篇介紹類閱讀，考生需要準確掌握細節(jié)信息，同時根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系，進行分析，推理，從而選 出正確答案。2 Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in

15、the passage you have just read.The history of the world is but the biography （傳記 ） of great men, argued Thomas Carlyle, the advocate of what has come to be known as the Great Man Theory of History. This theory suggests that the broader movements and outline of history all go back to the leadership o

16、f great individuals who had unique influence on their times. Whether or not Carlyles theory proves true is debatable, but that certain individuals cast long shadows is not.As one who is entrusted with a leadership position, I find it profitable to read of others who have led. Wherever you find me, y

17、oull likely find a good biography nearby. Why is this the case? First, I find good biographies fascinating. Ill occasionally read a novel, but Ive never been overly drawn to fiction. I have found myself unable to sleep while in the struggle of the Battle of Britain in William Manchesters The Last Li

18、on. For me, not to read biographies would rob me of pleasure in my life.Second, I find good biographies informative. A good biographer tells not only the story of a person, but also of their times. Reading a good biography is like wandering through an intellectual shopping mall. The first store is w

19、hat drew you there, but you will be pleasantly surprised along the way at what other items grab your attention. Youll find no better account of the British Empire at its peak than the opening chapters of Manchesters Visions of Glory, volume one of his The Last Lion. Strictly speaking, a biography is

20、 but a slice of history.Third, I find good biographies relaxing. Winston Churchill once noted a man who works with his hands should have a hobby that engages his mind, and a man who works with his mind should have a hobby that engages his hands. Another way to apply Churchills saying is to combine t

21、echnical, pen-in-hand vocational reading with leisurely biographical reading. Indeed, few things are more relaxing to me than winding down the evening and entering into another world.This is why I love reading good biographies, and why I pity the person who neglects them. Dont be counted among their

22、 number.(1) What is implied in the first paragraph?A. The author finds Carlyles theory undebatable.B. Carlyle believes great men alone cannot create history.C. It is debatable whether one should read great mens biographies.D. The author agrees that history is greatly influenced by certain men.(2) Wh

23、at does the underlined phrase other items in the third paragraph refer to?A. good biographiesB. stories of certain timesC. the volumes of The Last Lion卜，D. the chapters of the British Empire(3) Which of the following statements is TRUE?A. The author considers biographical reading enjoyable.B. The au

24、thor can travel to another world in the evening.C. The author has fought many battles during his lifetime.D. The author profits commercially by reading biographies.(4) What is the authors main purpose in writing the article?A. To analyze the benefits of vocational reading.B. To introduce to readers

25、his unique reading strategies.C. To present great mens history through biography reading.D. To recommend biography reading through his own experiences.【答案】(1) DB(3) A(4) D【解析】【分析】本文是一篇議論文，作者闡述了喜歡讀好的傳記的原因。(1)考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第一段中的This theory suggests that the broader movements andoutline of history all go ba

26、ck to the leadership of great individuals who had unique influence on their times可知，這一理論表明，更廣泛的歷史運動和輪廓都可以追溯到對其時代有獨特影響的偉大人物的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)。所以通過第一段的關(guān)鍵詞go back to , had unique influence ontheir times”,判斷出第一段暗示了作者同意歷史受某些人的影響很大。故選D。2 2）考查詞義猜測。根據(jù)第三段中的A good biographer tells not only the story of a person,but also of

27、their times. Reading a good biography is like wandering through an intellectual shopping mall. The first store is what drew you there, but you will be pleasantly surprised along the way at what other items grab your attention. 可知，一個好的傳記作家不僅講述一個人的 故事，而且還在講述他們所處的時代。讀一本好的傳記就像漫步在一個充滿智慧的購物中 心。第一家商店吸引了你，但

28、你會驚喜地發(fā)現(xiàn)，還有其它的商品吸引了你的注意力。所以 作者把讀好的傳記比喻成購物，將歷史人物和某個時期的歷史故事比喻成商店的商品。故 判斷出第三段劃線的othe門tems指的是某個時期的故事。故選B。（3）考查細節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第二段中的For me, not to read biographies would rob me ofpleasure in my life 以及第三段 Indeed, few things are more relaxing to me than winding down the evening and entering into another world.可知，對我

29、來說，不讀傳記會剝奪我生活的樂 趣。的確，沒有什么事情比悠閑地度過夜晚，進入另一個世界更令我放松。所以作者認為 傳記閱讀令人愉快。故A選項”作者認為傳記閱讀令人愉快”是正確的。故選 Ao（4）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第二段中的First, I find good biographies fascinating.;第三段中的Second, I find good biographies informative.;第四段中的Third, I find good biographies relaxing.以及最后段 This is why I love reading good biographies,

30、and why I pity the person who neglects them. Dont be counted among their number.可知,首先，我覺得好的傳記很吸引 人。我發(fā)現(xiàn)好的傳記信息豐富。我發(fā)現(xiàn)好的傳記讓人放松。這就是為什么我喜歡讀好的傳 記，以及為什么我同情忽視它們的人。不要成為那些不讀傳記的人群的一員。可知，作者 通過自己的經(jīng)歷闡述了自己喜歡讀好的傳記的原因目的是推薦人們讀傳記。故選Do【點評】本題考點涉及細節(jié)理解，詞義猜測和推理判斷三個題型的考查，是一篇教育類閱 讀，考生需要準確捕捉細節(jié)信息，并根據(jù)上下文進行邏輯推理，從而選出正確答案。3 .閱讀理解Du

31、ring this shopping season, salesmen will come up with different strategies to get your business. Many product companies use specific colors to cause positive emotions and compete for a sale. However, sight is not the only sensory （ 感官的）retail that companies use. Sounds and smells can also influence

32、consumers purchasing decisions.Nobel Prize-winning research shows that our sense of smell has great power to cause an emotional response. A study published earlier this year compared purchasing in a French flower shop when the smell of lavender （ 薰衣草）was given off and when it wasnt. It found that th

33、e smell increased the number of consumers purchasing items and the amount of their purchases. An earlier study using Nike shoes found that consumers desired the shoes more, and were willing to pay more, when the room had a mixed smell of flowers. Realizing the subconscious impact of smell, many stor

34、es apply artificial scents （ 氣味）through their heating and air-conditioning vents （通風口）or place scent machines above their doors. For instance, a coconut scent might make that bikini more appealing as you long for a vacation.Ever felt frenzied due to a stores fast-paced music? Or calmed by a piece of

35、 light music? A retailers choice of music can have a big impact on consumers moods. One study found that when subjected to loud music, consumers will spend less time in a store. But interestingly, the researchers did not find a difference in sales or customers satisfaction. Another interesting findi

36、ng from a recent study was that customers actually shop longer when exposed to unfamiliar music. Just as department stores use different scents in certain departments, many use different music in some areas to appeal to varying consumers.Well, you could always leave the store and take a break, but t

37、he food court probably isnt your best choices as brands like Cinnabon and Panera Bread also use scents as part of their customers experience. Online retailers ( 零售商)use a variety of other strategies to get your business, but you can always neglect those and enjoy the familiar scents of home.11) The

38、passage is mainly about.A. consumers favorite sounds and smells while shoppingB. shopping malls strategies for satisfying consumersC. some special services from super shopping mallsD. two factors affecting consumers shopping decisions (2) What can be inferred from Paragraph 2?A. Decorating stores wi

39、th flowers becomes a fashion.B. Shops with special smells can attract more consumers.C. Smells can actually help businessmen gain more profits.D. The products with a kind of special smell are more popular.(3) How does music have an effect on consumers?A. It controls consumers desire for shopping.B.

40、It influences how long consumers stay in a shop.C. It gives consumers the satisfaction of enjoying shopping.D. Whether consumers are willing to buy things depends on it.(4) Which of the following can replace the underlined word“frenzied in Paragraph 3?A. Satisfied.B. Depressed.C. Surprised.D. Excite

41、d. What does the writer try to express in the last paragraph?A. Online shopping is becoming more and more popular nowadays.B. People should spend more time at home with family members.C. People can choose to get rid of salesmens promotion strategies.D. Smells and sounds are important for consumers s

42、hopping experience. 【答案】(1) D(2) C(3) B(4) DC【解析】【分析】本文為說明文。這篇文章主要介紹了影響消費者購物決定的兩個因素。(1)主旨大意題。根據(jù)第段中的Sounds and smells can also influence consumerspurchasing decisions.(聲音和氣味也會影響消費者的購買決定)及下文對這兩個因素的介 紹可知，本文主要介紹了影響消費者購物決定的兩個因素。故答案選Do（ 2 ）推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段中的It found that the smell increased the number ofconsum

43、ers purchasing items and the amount of their purchases. （研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，這種氣味增加了 消費者購買物品的數(shù)量和購買量）可推知，氣味實際上可以幫助商人獲得更多的利潤。故 答案選C。（ 3）細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中的One study found that when subjected to loud music,consumers will spend less time in a storenteAestittgerinding from a recent study wasthat customers actually shop longe

44、r when exposed to unfamiliar music. （研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，當音樂音 量過大時，消費者在商店里的時間會減少最近一項研究的另一個有趣發(fā)現(xiàn)是，當顧客接觸到不熟悉的音樂時，他們的購物時間實際上更長）可知，音樂會影響消費者在商店里停留的時間。故答案選B。（ 4）詞義猜測題。A. Satisfied 滿意的； B. Depressed 沮喪的； C. Surprised 吃驚的； D.Excited 興奮的。根據(jù)第三段中的 Or calmed by a piece of light music? （還是聽著輕音樂平靜 下來?）可知，劃線詞所在句意為“有沒有因為商店里快節(jié)奏的音樂而

45、感到瘋狂?” ，由此推知，劃線詞意為 “瘋狂的” ，瘋狂是一種興奮的狀態(tài)。故答案選D。（ 5）推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中的Online retailers （零售商 ） use a variety of otherstrategies to get your business, but you can always neglect those and enjoy the familiar scents of home. （網(wǎng)上零售商使用各種各樣的策略來獲得你的生意，但你可以忽略這些，享受熟悉 的家的味道）可知，作者想要告訴人們，我們可以選擇擺脫銷售員的促銷策略。故答案選C?！军c評】本題考點涉及

46、細節(jié)理解，推理判斷，詞義猜測和主旨大意四個題型的考查，是一篇說明類閱讀，要求考生先從問題中抓住關(guān)鍵性詞語（題眼），然后以此為線索，運用略 讀及查讀的技巧快速在文章中尋找與此問題相關(guān)的：段落、語句，仔細品味，同時根據(jù)上 下文進行分析，推理，概括和歸納，從而選出正確答案。4 閱讀理解Most people agree that eating healthy food is important. But sometimes making good food choices can be difficult. Now, there are apps that can help people learn

47、 about the food they eat to improve their health and their dining out experience.Open Table appOpen Table app helps people choose restaurants when they want to go out to eat. It is a free service that shows users restaurant available based on where and when they want to dine. It gives users points w

48、hen they make reservations（ 預(yù)定 ）, which can add up to discounts on restaurant visits.Max McCalmans Cheese&Wine Pairing appWine and cheese can be a great combination. But which wines go best with which cheeses? Max McCalmans Cheese&Wine Pairing app can help. It provides information about hundreds of

49、different cheeses and suggests wines to pair with each. Max McCalmans Cheese&Wine Pairing app is free.HappyCow appVegetarians do not eat animal meat. Vegans do not eat any animal products. The HappyCow app is made for both groups. Users can search for vegetarian-vegan restaurants and stores around t

50、he world.LocalEats appRestaurant chains, like McDonalds, can be found almost anywhere a person might travel. But sometimes travelers want to eat like locals. The LocalEats app is designed for that. It can help you find local restaurants in major cities in the US and in other countries. It costs abou

51、t a dollar.Where Chefs Eat appWhere Chefs Eat is a 975-pagc book. Most people would not want to carry that around. But there is a much lighter app version of the same name for just $15. Six hundred chefs provide information on 3,000 restaurants around the world on the Where Chefs Eat app.(1) What do

52、 the first two apps have in common?A. They are both free of charge.B. Discounts are provided on both.C. Best wines can be reserved on both.D. They tell you where to have the best food.(2) Who is HappyCow app probably designed for?A. Friends drinking wines together.B. Chefs enjoying meat very much.C.

53、 People who want to go on a diet.D. Those often eating in a restaurant.(3) Where can we most likely see the text?A. On a tourism guide.B. In a cellphone application introduction.C. In a students textbook.D. On a scientific discovery TV program.【答案】(1) A(2) C(3) B【解析】【分析】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文，介紹了五個幫助他們了解健康飲食的應(yīng)用軟件

54、。(1)考查細節(jié)理解。根據(jù) Open Table app 部分中的Itis a free service that shows users restaurant available based on where and when they want to dine.這是項免費服務(wù)； 根據(jù)用戶想要用餐的地點和時間向用戶顯示餐廳；以及 Max McCalmans Cheese&Wine Pairing app 部分中的MaxMcCalmans Cheese&Wine Pairing app is free. MaMcCalmans Cheese&Wine Pairing應(yīng)用程序是免費的?？芍皟蓚€

55、應(yīng)用程序的共同點是他們都是免費的。故選A。(2)考查推理判斷。根據(jù) HappyCow app 部分中的Vegetariansdo not eat animal meat. Vegans do not eat any animal products. The HappyCow app is made f or both groups. 素食者不吃 肉。嚴格素食者不吃任何動物產(chǎn)品。而快樂奶牛應(yīng)用軟件就是為這兩個群體制作的。，可 知HappyCow軟件是為想要節(jié)食的人設(shè)計的。故選C。(3)考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第一段中的Now, there are apps that can help people l

56、earn aboutthe food they eat to improve their health and their dining out experience. 現(xiàn)在，有一些應(yīng)用程 序可以幫助人們了解他們吃的食物，從而改善他們的健康和外出就餐的體驗。以及文章主 要介紹了五個應(yīng)用軟件，故最有可能在手機應(yīng)用介紹看到本文。故選Bo【點評】本題考點涉及細節(jié)理解和推理判斷兩個題型的考查，是一篇介紹類閱讀，考生需 要準確捕捉細節(jié)信息，并根據(jù)上下文進行邏輯推理，從而選出正確答案。5 .閱讀理解New Jersey Botanical Garden MembershipIts easy to join

57、 New Jersey Botanical Garden (NJBG) Membership online, by phone or by mail. Your membership dollars help to improve the Garden, and provide educational and entertaining activities for the general public. Thank you for your support!To join or renew, please click on the appropriate section and members

58、hip category below for safe and convenient online payment processing by PayPal.If you prefer to join by phone or mail, call the NJBG office at (973) 962-9534 or download and send in our membership brochure (Adobe Acrobat PDF file).Join NJBG TodayMembership CategoryIndividualDual （兩人共用）StudentAnnual Fees$ 35$ 60$ 25Special: Save $5 with Biennial Fe