必修二 Module Three學(xué)案.

1、 必修二 Module Three 導(dǎo)學(xué)案Module Three New Words1.audience n 聽(tīng)眾，觀眾 （集合名詞，作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，其謂語(yǔ)可以是單數(shù)【視為整體】或復(fù)數(shù)【視為個(gè)體】)e.g. The audience was no less than five hundred. The audience are dressed in a variety of ways. 注意：2）表示audience多少時(shí)，用large, small, big, huge. e.g. There was a large audience of young people at the pop con

2、cert. 在流行音樂(lè)演奏會(huì)上有大量青年聽(tīng)眾Audrey felt nervous of having to sing before such a large audience.為這么多聽(tīng)眾演唱，奧德麗感到很緊張。2 composer: n 作曲家 compose: vt. 1) 創(chuàng)作 作曲2) 使平靜 鎮(zhèn)靜 compose oneself 平靜下來(lái)3） be composed of 由組成 e.g. He spent his whole life composing poetry. He composed himself to do his homework. 他靜下心來(lái)做作業(yè) Our cl

3、ass is composed of 70 students.3 genius: n 1) 天才 才賦 (u)2) 才子 (c) eg. 他是一位才子 He is a man of genius. Smith was a genius 4 talent: n 1) 天資 天賦 才能2) 有才能的人 才子 talented: adj. 有才能的 天資高的 have a genius/ gift/ talent for 對(duì)有天賦 e.g. She showed a talent for acting at early age. 她很早就表現(xiàn)出表演的天賦 He is a very talented

4、actor. 我哥哥有很好的繪畫天賦 My brother has a wonderful genius for painting.5 tour : vt. 1) 在巡回演出/醫(yī)療 2） 周游 觀光 n. 觀光 旅游 訪問(wèn)e.g.The play will tour the countryside in the fall 這出戲?qū)⒂诮袂镌谵r(nóng)村巡回演出 The medical team was touring my village 醫(yī)療隊(duì)正在我村巡回醫(yī)療 我們正計(jì)劃漫游中國(guó) We are planning a tour round China. 辨析： tour travel journey t

5、rip voyage tour: 指根據(jù)一定的路線，預(yù)定了一些逗留地點(diǎn)，返回原地，其目的多為觀光，視察等 travel: 泛指 常指長(zhǎng)距離旅行或國(guó)外旅行journey: 指遠(yuǎn)距離的陸地旅行 trip: 指短距離的旅行 voyage: 指海上或空中旅行 e.g. They went on a tour round the world last year. He enjoyed his travels in China. The journey was long and difficult We made a journey from Paris to Berlin by car. They ma

6、de a voyage across the Pacific by air.6 influence: vt. 影響 n. 影響 作用 ( 常與on/ upon 連用)under the influence of 受影響 e.g. Dont let me influence your decision. 玩電腦游戲?qū)W(xué)生有壞影響 Playing computer games has a bad influence on students. What exactly is the influence of television on children ? 電視對(duì)兒童究竟有什么影響？ eg. He

7、committed the crime under the influence of drugs. 他是在吸毒后犯罪的7 tune: n. 曲調(diào) 曲子be in/ out of tune 音調(diào)正確/ 不正確 合調(diào)/走調(diào) eg. I dont know the title but I recognise the tune 我不知道曲名，但我聽(tīng)得出曲調(diào) eg. The piano is out of tune 鋼琴走調(diào)了 None of them could sing in tune. 沒(méi)有一個(gè)人能唱得合調(diào)Introduction different: adj. 不同的，個(gè)別的，另外的（常于介詞f

8、rom連用）difference: n. 不同 差別differ: vi 不同 （常與from 連用） differ in: 在方面不同 e.g. His book is different from mine. This is a different car from the one I drove yesterday. 這是另一輛車，不是我昨天駕駛的那一輛In this respect, French differs from English. French and English differ in this respect. 在這方面，英語(yǔ)和法語(yǔ) 不同 Humans differ fr

9、om other animals in their ability to speak. 人與其它動(dòng)物不同之處在于人能說(shuō)話 The two brothers differ widely in their personality. 他們兄弟倆性格大相徑庭 There is no difference in the results. 結(jié)果沒(méi)有差別 He was studying the similarities and differences between humans and animals. 他在研究人和動(dòng)物之間的相似與不同之處 usage: eg. I can never tell the

10、difference between the twins. 我從來(lái)都分不清這對(duì)雙胞胎tell the difference between A and B區(qū)分A和B的不同 eg. The rain didnt make much difference to the games. 這場(chǎng)雨對(duì)比賽沒(méi)有多大影響 Changing schools made a big difference to my life. 轉(zhuǎn)學(xué)對(duì)我的一生有著重要的影響 - Shall we go on Friday or Saturday? - It makes no difference to me. -我們周五走還是周六走？

11、 -我無(wú)所謂make a/ no/ some/ difference (to/ in) sb./ sth. 有（或沒(méi)有，有些）作用，關(guān)系或影響 Reading Language points: 1 lose v. (1) 丟失,失去; (2)專心致志地做某事 lose oneself in/ be lost in His father lost his job last month. He always loses himself in his work.= He is always _ his work.猜猜下了與lose有關(guān)的短語(yǔ)的含義: Lose ones way_ lose ones

12、temper _ Lose ones balance_ lose weight _Lose courage _ lose heart _2 change: v.1) 變化 改變 change (from) into/ to 由變成 2)代替 替換 更改 change sb/ sth for sb/ sth 3) 換衣服 更衣change into sth. 換成 eg. The traffic lights changed from red to green. With a wave of her magic wand, she changed the frog into a handsome

13、 prince. 她一揮魔杖，把青蛙變成了英俊的王子 I want to change my doctor. 我想另找一位醫(yī)生來(lái)看病 eg. We changed the car for a bigger one. 我可以和你交換一下作為嗎？ eg. She changed into her swimsuit. 她換上了游泳衣此外,change還有名詞詞性: e.g. There will be a change in the weather tomorrow. Dont forget your change. 別忘了找給你的零錢change: n 改變 變化 零錢 (u)4 Having w

14、orked there for 30 years, Haydn went to work at the court of a prince in eastern Austria, where he became director of music.having worked.是現(xiàn)在分詞的完成式在句中作狀語(yǔ)，“havingdone”結(jié)構(gòu)作狀語(yǔ)，與句中主語(yǔ)構(gòu)成邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系，所表示動(dòng)作先于謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作發(fā)生。 否定式：not having done 被動(dòng): having been doneHaving finished his homework, he ran out to play fo

15、otball.做完作業(yè)后，他跑出去踢足球了。Not having heard from the company, he decided to write again.沒(méi)有收到公司的信，他決定再寫一封信。 Having been told many times, he finally understood it. (2)(2010·湖南·26)Dina, _ for months to find a job as a waitress, finally took a position at a local advertising agency（廣告公司）.A. struggl

16、ing B. struggled C. having struggled D. to struggle解析：考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。該空分詞短語(yǔ)作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，其邏輯主語(yǔ)Dina與struggle為主動(dòng)關(guān)系，故排除B項(xiàng)。由句中的finally可知非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞表示的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在句中謂語(yǔ)took a position之前，故用現(xiàn)在分詞的完成主動(dòng)式。agency代理機(jī)構(gòu)，經(jīng)銷機(jī)構(gòu)答案：C(2008·重慶)_to reach them on the phone, we sent an email instead.AFail BFailedCTo fail DHaving failed答案：D where h

17、e was very successful是非限制性定語(yǔ)從句修飾先行詞London。非限制性定語(yǔ)從句是先行詞的附加說(shuō)明，如果刪去也不會(huì)影響主句的意思，與先行詞之間用逗號(hào)隔開(kāi)。 e.g. They will fly to Washington, where they plan to stay for two or three days.He led us to a small village, where he spent his childhood.He led us to a small village that/ which he looked for.He led us to a sma

18、ll village that/ which was very famous.He led us to a small village, which was very famous.He works in the city _ he was born.They will fly to Beijing, _ they plan to stay for two days.This is the factory _ I visited last year.Have you visited the museum , _ was built over thirty years ago?This is t

19、he house , _ I lived two years ago.Last year I visited the house _ Lu Xun once built.6 of all time: 有史以來(lái) at one time: 曾經(jīng) at a time: 每次 一次 在某個(gè)時(shí)刻 at times: = sometimes 有時(shí) at no time: 決不 在任何時(shí)候都不7. By the time he was 14, Mozart had composed many pieces for by the time 到的時(shí)候?yàn)橹梗ㄒ龑?dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句） by the time意為“到時(shí)候，

20、在之前”，引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句，從句用一般過(guò)去時(shí)，主句要用過(guò)去完成時(shí)；如果從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)形式，則主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用將來(lái)時(shí)或?qū)?lái)完成時(shí)形式。eg. By the time he came back from abroad, his hometown had completely changed. 到去年為止，他已經(jīng)去北京十次了。By the end of last year, he had been to Beijing ten times. By the time he is twelve, he will learn math all by himself. 到他十二歲的時(shí)候， 他將自

21、學(xué)英語(yǔ) By the time he comes, I will have finished my painting. 到他來(lái)的時(shí)候，我就已經(jīng)完成這幅畫了By the time you come home next time, the building will have been finished.到下次你回家的時(shí)候，這棟樓房就建起來(lái)了。8 Mozart had composed many pieces for the harpsichord, piano and violin, as well as for orchestras. 1) 不但而且, 既又, 除了之外還有 2) 與一樣好 不

22、比差eg. He sings as well as plays the piano. 他不但彈鋼琴還唱歌 He can speak English as well as French. 他既說(shuō)英語(yǔ)又說(shuō)法語(yǔ) He gave me money as well as some advice. 他不僅給了我一些建議，還給了我錢 eg. She cooks as well as her mother. She tries to learn painting as well as her desk mate. 她努力和她的同桌一樣學(xué)好繪畫 注意： as well as 連接兩個(gè)主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù)依據(jù)前面

23、的主語(yǔ)確定，相同用法的還有：with, together with, along with, but , besides, rather than eg. He as well as his parents is kind to meNobody but my parents agrees with what I planned. 短語(yǔ)：may/ might as well do sth. 不如做 , 還是做的好 eg. I think you may as well tell her now. 我認(rèn)為你還是現(xiàn)在告訴她的好9. However, it was Haydn who encoura

24、ged Beethoven to move to Vienna.強(qiáng)調(diào)句： It is/ was + 被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分+ that/ who注意：1) 強(qiáng)調(diào)的是人時(shí)，既可用that也可用 who 2) 去掉強(qiáng)調(diào)句型，原句子仍完整 eg. It was I who/ that met John in the street yesterday. It was John who/ that I met in the street yesterday. It was in the street that I met John yesterday. It was yesterday that I met Joh

25、n in the street. 10.As he grew older, he began to go deaf. 隨著年齡的增長(zhǎng)，他的耳朵聾了。go系動(dòng)詞，“變得；變成(某種狀態(tài))”；后接形容詞。通常用于由好變壞的情況。Fish soon goes bad in hot weather.熱天魚(yú)容易壞。The well has gone dry. 井干了。After these long hours' work, they had gone dead tired.工作了這么長(zhǎng)時(shí)間，他們累得夠嗆。詞語(yǔ)辨析：get, go, turn, come, become, grow它們都可用作連

26、系動(dòng)詞，都有“變更”之意，后接形容詞，也可接過(guò)去分詞。其區(qū)別是：1)get強(qiáng)調(diào)造成事件的施動(dòng)者發(fā)揮的作用或變化的結(jié)果。表示某種狀態(tài)的變化，意思同becomeEat your dinner before it gets cold.趁飯還沒(méi)變涼把它吃了。Things got worse and worse.事情變得越來(lái)越糟糕。2)go常表示不顧施動(dòng)者的愿望而發(fā)生的變化，多用于表示壞情況。如mad, deaf,rotten, dry, bad, blind, hungry, wrongHer hair is starting to go grey.她的頭發(fā)開(kāi)始蒼白。3)turn經(jīng)常表示從某種狀態(tài)向其

27、對(duì)應(yīng)狀態(tài)轉(zhuǎn)化的自然現(xiàn)象，也可用來(lái)表示顏色的變化。如果顏色轉(zhuǎn)變后持續(xù)的時(shí)間很短或在非正式場(chǎng)合也可用go，其后加名詞時(shí)，前不加冠詞。The leaves turn yellow in autumn.秋天葉子變成了黃色。His face went red when they made fun of him.5)become強(qiáng)調(diào)變化過(guò)程的持續(xù)性或結(jié)果。接名詞作表語(yǔ)時(shí)要用冠詞，但在職位，頭銜前不用冠詞。become和 turn比get和go更文雅Helen became increasingly anxious about her husband's strange behaviour.Hele

28、n對(duì)她丈夫的怪異行為變得越來(lái)越焦慮。He has become poor.He has become a teacher.He has become monitor of our class.6)grow強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的變化過(guò)程。表“漸變成”The sound was growing louder.聲音變得越來(lái)越大了。Hes growing strong/weak/old/rich.The traffic lights_green and I pulled away.Acame BgrewCgot Dwent解析：句意：交通燈變成了綠色，我發(fā)動(dòng)了汽車。答案：DHaving now_40, he fe

29、els that his footballing career is coming to an end.Agone BturnedCbecome Dentered答案：B Cultural Corner1 note: n. 1)n. 筆記；摘記2)n. 紙幣；鈔票 3)n. 注意 4)便條note book 筆記薄a 5 note 一張5英鎊的紙幣worthy of note 值得注意的Take note of what he says.注意（把銘記在心）他所說(shuō)的。 make notes/a note of 記錄，記下，寫下 take note of 注意到,將給記在心 leave a not

30、e 留便條eg. I make a note of her address and phone number. 我記下了她的地址和電話號(hào)碼eg. People were beginning to take note of her talents Take note of what the teacher says.notemake/take notes/a note of把記下來(lái)，做筆記/摘記leave a note for sb給留個(gè)便條 5)vt. 注意；留心 note sth down記錄，記下Please note my words.請(qǐng)注意我的話。She noted that his

31、hands were dirty.她注意到他的手很臟。 2.one of + 名詞復(fù)數(shù) “.之一”,“的一個(gè)”注意：“one of +復(fù)數(shù)名詞”，其定語(yǔ)從句中如關(guān)系代詞作主語(yǔ)，用復(fù)數(shù)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。但如果有the, the very, the only, right the等修飾one,則用單數(shù)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。eg. My brother is one of the students who _ passed the exams.eg. My brother is the only one of the students who _ passed the exams.the rest表示“剩下(的部分)；

32、其余(的部分)”，作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)還是復(fù)數(shù)，取決于它所指代的詞。I only borrowed some of the books and the rest are still there.我只借了其中一些書(shū)，其余的還在那兒。I need only a little orange; the rest is for you.我只需要一點(diǎn)兒橘子汁，其余的都給你。當(dāng)all, most, half, plenty, enough, some, the rest, the following或分?jǐn)?shù)、百分?jǐn)?shù)等與of連接作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞需依據(jù)具體情況而定。如果of后面的部分為復(fù)數(shù)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞就用復(fù)

33、數(shù)形式；如果of后面所接名詞為不可數(shù)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞就用單數(shù)形式。Most of the teachers are against the proposal.大多數(shù)教師反對(duì)這個(gè)提議。Most of what has been said about the Smiths_also true of the Johnsons.Aare BisCbeing Dto be答案：BGrammar時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句在句子中起時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)作用的句子稱為時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句。時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句可以放在句首、句中或句尾。引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句的詞有when, while, as, before, after, until, as soon as,

34、since, each time, next time, the moment, immediately, instantly等。用法例句when意為“當(dāng)時(shí)”，引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句，表示主句的動(dòng)作和從句的動(dòng)作同時(shí)或先后發(fā)生。從句中的動(dòng)詞可以用延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，也可以用終止性動(dòng)詞。還可表示“正在這時(shí)”When you are crossing the street, you must be careful.過(guò)街道時(shí)，你一定要小心。I was watching TV when someone knocked at the door.當(dāng)我正在看電視時(shí)，有人敲門。I worked for a foreign c

35、ompany when I was in Shanghai.我在上海時(shí)，在一家外企工作。When I got to the cinema, the film had begun.（先）Well start when he comes（后）while引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句，常意為“與同時(shí)，在期間”，從句中的動(dòng)詞常用延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞或表示狀態(tài)的動(dòng)詞。while引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句，多用于句首。意為“盡管；雖然”。while作并列連詞用，意思為“而；然而”，表前后意義上的對(duì)比或轉(zhuǎn)折。They rushed in while we were discussing.當(dāng)我們正在討論時(shí)，他們沖了進(jìn)來(lái)。Father was

36、cleaning the car while I was playing computer games.當(dāng)我正在玩電腦游戲時(shí)，爸爸在清洗汽車。While I admit his good points I can see his bad.盡管我承認(rèn)他的長(zhǎng)處，但我也看到了他的不足。Some people waste food while others haven't enough.有些人浪費(fèi)糧食，然而有些人卻吃不飽。用法例句as引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句，可以表示某事一發(fā)生，另一事立即發(fā)生；也可以表示在某事發(fā)生的過(guò)程中另一事發(fā)生；還可以表示兩個(gè)動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生。即主從句同時(shí)或緊接著發(fā)生。As the

37、 sun rose, the fog disappeared.太陽(yáng)一出來(lái)霧就消散了。Just as he was speaking there was a loud explosion.正當(dāng)他在說(shuō)話的時(shí)候，出現(xiàn)了一聲巨響。As she sang, tears ran down her cheeks.她一邊唱歌，眼淚一邊從臉頰淌下。We get wiser as we get older.我們隨著年齡的增長(zhǎng)而變得聰明起來(lái)。before意為“在之前”，引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，表示主句的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在從句的動(dòng)作之前。We cleaned the classroom before we left school

38、 yesterday.昨天離開(kāi)學(xué)校之前，我們打掃了教室。It was two years before we met again.兩年后我們才見(jiàn)面。It will not be long before you regret for what you have done.不久你就會(huì)為你的所作所為感到后悔的。用法例句after意為“在之后”，引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，表示主句的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在從句的動(dòng)作之后。After you use plastic bags, you mustn't throw them about.塑料袋用完之后，不準(zhǔn)到處亂扔。He called me after he had

39、finished his work.他在工作完成之后的給我打了個(gè)電話。since意為“自從”，引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，主句常用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，從句常用一般過(guò)去時(shí)，常用句型：“It is/has been一段時(shí)間since一般過(guò)去時(shí)的從句”意為“自從至今已經(jīng)多久了”。從句中用終止性動(dòng)詞，譯成肯定意義，從句中是延續(xù)性或狀態(tài)動(dòng)詞，譯成否定意思。She has lived here since she became a teacher.她自從當(dāng)了教師就住在這兒。Where have you been since I last saw you？自從上次見(jiàn)到你以后，你到哪兒去了？We haven't se

40、en each other since we graduated.我們自從畢業(yè)后一直沒(méi)見(jiàn)過(guò)面。It has been three years since they got married.自從他們結(jié)婚起起已經(jīng)三年了。It has been three years since they stayed here.他們不在這兒已經(jīng)三年了。用法例句until/till意為“直到時(shí)”，引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，表示主句的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在從句的動(dòng)作之前。當(dāng)主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞時(shí)，主句常用肯定形式；當(dāng)主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是終止性動(dòng)詞時(shí)，主句常用否定形式，not.until.意為“直到才”。They will work

41、on till sunset.他們將繼續(xù)工作，直到日落。I'll stay here until you come back.我會(huì)呆在這里，直到你回來(lái)。He didn't go to bed until he finished his homework.他直到做完作業(yè)才睡覺(jué)。We didn't get home till 2 am.我們一直到凌晨?jī)牲c(diǎn)鐘才到家。as soon as意為“一就”，引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，表示從句的動(dòng)作一發(fā)生，主句的動(dòng)作馬上就發(fā)生。I'll tell him about it as soon as he comes back.他一回來(lái)我就

42、告訴他這件事。As soon as he heard the news, he jumped with joy.他一聽(tīng)到這個(gè)消息，高興地跳了起來(lái)。用法例句once引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句暗含條件意味，意為“一旦就”。You will find physics easy to learn once you understand the rules.一旦你理解了規(guī)則，你就會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)物理并不難學(xué)。名詞短語(yǔ)the moment, the minute, the instant, the time, the day, by the time, each time=every time, next time, an

43、y time, the first/second.last time等也可引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句。The moment he reached the country, he started his search.他一到達(dá)這個(gè)國(guó)家，就開(kāi)始他的探尋工作。Every time I saw the straw hat, it reminded me of the tour I made years before.每當(dāng)我看到那頂草帽，就使我想起幾年前的那次旅行。I thought her nice and honest the first time I met her.我第一次見(jiàn)到她就覺(jué)得她誠(chéng)實(shí)而友善。By

44、the time you arrived, the lecture had already ended.你到的時(shí)候，講座已經(jīng)結(jié)束了。用法例句immediately, instantly, directly等也可引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句。Directly the master came in, everyone was quiet.校長(zhǎng)一進(jìn)來(lái)，大家就安靜下來(lái)了。I will give you an answer immediately I have finished reading your file.我一讀完你的檔案就給你答復(fù)。Please give me a phone instantly you

45、arrive.你一到就給我打電話。no sooner.than.和hardly/scarely.when.引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句，主句在前面，從句用一般過(guò)去時(shí)，主句用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。Hardly had I reached the bus stop when the bus started. (I had hardly reached the bus stop when the bus started.)我一到車站車就開(kāi)了。32.過(guò)去完成時(shí)過(guò)去完成時(shí)主要用來(lái)指過(guò)去某一特定時(shí)間以前就完成的行為。過(guò)去完成時(shí)由“had過(guò)去分詞”構(gòu)成，had適用于各種人稱和數(shù)，其否定式在had后面加not，變疑問(wèn)句時(shí)把had

46、提前。用法例句表示在過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻或動(dòng)作之前已完成的動(dòng)作，即“過(guò)去的過(guò)去”。這個(gè)過(guò)去的時(shí)刻常用by，before等介詞短語(yǔ)或一個(gè)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句來(lái)表示，也可以用一個(gè)表示過(guò)去的動(dòng)作或上下文來(lái)表示。When we arrived at the station, we found the train had already gone.當(dāng)我們到達(dá)車站時(shí)，我們發(fā)現(xiàn)火車已經(jīng)開(kāi)走了。By the middle of last month I had lived in Beijing for five years.到上月中旬，我已在北京住了5年了。Jane had left before I arrived.我到之

47、前簡(jiǎn)就走了。She found that she had left her luggage on the bus.她發(fā)現(xiàn)自己的行李落在公交車上了。She already knew the secret but no one had told her.她已經(jīng)知道了這個(gè)秘密，可是沒(méi)有人告訴過(guò)她。用法例句hope, wish, plan，want, mean, intend, attempt, think, expect等表示“打算，計(jì)劃，希望，試圖，認(rèn)為”等的動(dòng)詞用于過(guò)去完成時(shí)表示“本打算(本計(jì)劃、本希望、本認(rèn)為)做而未做”。He had intended to speak, but time d

48、id not permit.他本想發(fā)言，可是時(shí)間不允許。I had hoped to be back last night, but I didn't catch the train.我本希望昨晚回來(lái)的，但沒(méi)趕上火車。The boy had meant to come in but the teacher refused him.那男孩本想進(jìn)來(lái)，但被老師拒絕了。We had planned to go on a picnic yesterday, but it was raining.我們本來(lái)計(jì)劃昨天去野餐，但是天一直下雨。在hardly/scarcely.when.和no sooner.than.句式中，主句常用過(guò)去完成時(shí)，表示“一就，剛就”。當(dāng)否定副詞hardly，scarcely, no sooner等置于句首時(shí)，主句用部分倒裝。We had no sooner a