新外研版初一下module 4--6重點句型、短語、詞義辨析等

1、MODULE 4 Life in the futureUnit 1:1. chalk不可數(shù)名詞，chalk不可數(shù)名詞,兩支粉筆two pieces of chalk. 但表示種類時，也可用復(fù)數(shù)。some colored chalks2. paper不可數(shù)名詞，但其意為“報紙，試卷，文件”時，為可數(shù)名詞。Can you copy these papers for me?3. in the future在將來；in future今后，相當(dāng)于from now on 4. in twenty years time表示時間的名詞所有格，要用“s”。in +一段時間，常用將來時?？梢杂胔ow soon來提

2、問。How soon will you be back? In a month.5. everyone“每人”指人，不可和of連用；every one“每個”，指人或物，可以和of連用6. on the Internet在互聯(lián)網(wǎng)上7. by用法：(1)乘（交通工具）by train (2)在旁邊 by the door (3)經(jīng)過,通過 by Internet or email8. check the students level檢查學(xué)生的水平9. be able to do可用于各種時態(tài)，can用于一般現(xiàn)在時，could一般過去時。can和could可以表示允許、許可或猜測，此時不能用be

3、able to替換10. notany more = no more意為“不再” He isnt a child any more.11. a lot of homework to do:動詞不定式作定語修飾名詞、代詞等，要后置。12. free用法：(1) be free空閑 (2)免費的 (3)自由的 (4) be free from沒有His exercises are free from mistakes.13. need的用法：1.need既是情態(tài)動詞，又是實義動詞。作為情態(tài)動詞時不能用于肯定句。She needn't know. (情態(tài)動詞)2.實義動詞常用need to

4、do sth. She needs to know the truth. (實義動詞)3.當(dāng)表示被動語態(tài)時，可用need to be done或need doing.如：The window needs to be cleaned. The window needs cleaning. Unit 2:14. come true實現(xiàn)，成真 My dream of being a teacher has come true.15. a change of: change此處為可數(shù)名詞，意為“變化，改變”。還意為“零錢”，是不可數(shù)名詞。Great changes have taken place h

5、ere. I have no change with me. 詞組：changefor用換；changeinto把變成16. mean to do打算做某事：He means to go to school without having breakfast. mean doing意味著做某事：Missing the train means waiting for another hour. Mean的名詞形式為meaning，the meaning of意為“的含義”17. 固定用法：heavy rain; strong winds 18. weather不可數(shù)名詞。What fine wea

6、ther today! Whats the weather like today? = Hows the weather today?波及范圍小，持續(xù)時間短。climate范圍大，持續(xù)時間長。Beijing has a warm climate, but its weather this week is cold.19. cloth: “布料“的意思（而不是衣服，而且不可數(shù)名詞）table clothclothes: 指具體的，看的見摸的著的衣服，I buy some clothes this afternoon.clothing: 指籠統(tǒng)的服裝，One must wear protectiv

7、e clothing to enter the lab. (必須穿防護服)20. all year = all around the year = the whole year一年到頭21. rise使用范圍廣，既用于具體事物的“上升、增長”，又用于抽象事物的“上漲、發(fā)生”。raise與以上兩詞不同的是，此詞是及物動詞，表示把某具體事物抬起高處或提高某抽象事物（工資、地位等）raise money籌錢，籌款 = collect money22. as well意為“也，又”，用于句末前無逗號。23. not onlybut also不但而且（就近原則）24. space為不可數(shù)名詞，into

8、space進入太空25. traffic jam交通堵塞26. work:“工作，勞動”，指一般的工作，不可數(shù)。job:“工作”，特指“雇用性質(zhì)的工作”，可數(shù)。27. Working hours will be動名詞作主語28. 物作主語，用interesting，還可以作定語；人作主語，用interested。重點句型：1.Every family will have a small plane.2. Teachers wont use chalk on a blackboard.3. What will life be like in the future?以下是原7下M4：1. Ther

9、e will be(there be句型的將來時) = There is/are going to be2. talk to sb.和談話；tell sb. to do sth.; tell sb. about sth.3. on the computer; on TV; on the radio4. The teachers wont write on a blackboard with chalk. do sth. with sth. = use sth. to do sth. 用.來做某事5. with用法：(1)表示手段或工具，“用/以/靠”We see with our eyes.

10、(2)表示同時，“與同時”With these words, he jumped into the water. (3)表示關(guān)系，“關(guān)于，對于”Whats wrong with your radio? (4)表示伴隨，“與一道”Are they with you in China? (5)表示屬性，“具有”China is a great country with a long history. 6. every adj.; each adj.&pron. (見代詞部分)7. underlie位于或存在于（某物）之下；8. Im not sure. 我不確信。be sure to do

11、 sth.9. no one指人或物，不可和of連用；none指人，可以和of連用。10. Flying will be very cheap. (flying為動名詞，作主語。) 等于：It will be cheap to fly. 11. Fuel will be expensive.燃料會貴。談?wù)搩r格高或低只能用從容車high或low，不能用expensive或cheap.12. get warm 變暖 (連系詞+adj.) Shes getting old.她正在漸漸變老。13. the North Polo北極14. use the sun to heat our homes用太陽

12、能供暖15. do the dull jobs 做枯燥的工作16. on the farm; on farms在農(nóng)場17. in the factory; in factories在工廠18. three days a week 一周三天19. do heavy work 干重活20. care for = look after = take care of照顧21. My dream will have big classrooms. （同義句） There will be big classrooms in my dream school.MODULE 5 ShoppingUnit 1:1

13、. clothes shop服裝店; clothes, cloth, clothing區(qū)別：一、cloth表示“布”、“衣料”，是不可數(shù)名詞。如： She bought some cloth to make herself a dress. 表示用作某種特殊用途的布(如：桌布，臺布，揩布等)，是可數(shù)名詞。如：Clean the windows with a soft cloth. 二、clothes 和 clothing 均可表示“衣服”，用作“衣服”的統(tǒng)稱，在用法上有差別： 1.clothes 是一個沒有單數(shù)形式的復(fù)數(shù)名詞, 其前不可加不定冠詞，也不可加數(shù)詞，但可用 some, these,

14、 those, many, few 等詞修飾。如： 正：those/few /many clothes 誤：a/two/three clothes 2. clothing 是不可數(shù)名詞。如：They wear very little clothing. 3.比較而言：clothes 的含義比較具體，而clothing 的含義則比較抽象。從語體上看，clothing 比 clothes 更正式。比較：He is washing his clothes. Our clothing protects us against the cold. 2. What is Lingling going to

15、buy for her mother on Mothers Day? buy sth. for sb.; on Mothers Day在母親節(jié)3. What is Betty going to make for her mother? make sth. for sb.給某人做某物4. What can I do for you?我能為你做些什么?5. a. would like to do sth.想做某事。這是日常生活中用來向?qū)Ψ接卸Y貌地提出建議或要求的句型。其肯定回答：“Yes, Id like/love to.”；否定回答：“Sorry./Id like/love to, but I”

16、b. Would you like +名詞?表示“你想要嗎？”。其答語常常是：Yes, please. / No, thanks.6. small一般指人或物體的體積小。I have a small dictionary. Little多指人或事物的憐愛。 He is a little boy. 7. What size/colour?什么大小、顏色？8. What about/How about+n./pron./ving？怎樣？9. May I try it on? try on“試穿”，如果賓語時代詞，要放在try與on的中間。10. too much + uN.; much too +

17、 adj./adv. 11. a sale on = on sale“打折”: She bought this skirt when it is on sale. for sale“待售”: There are a lot of goods for sale. How many + Npl?常用來提問數(shù)量多少？How much?用來提問價格？= What the price of?How much + uN? How much water do you need?How soon? 常用來提問“in +一段時間”。How long?用來提問多久、多長（完成時）？How often?表示多久幾次

18、？Twice a week.How many times?做某事多少次了？Twice.12. What else would you like?你喜歡其他什么？13. 5種系動詞（linking verb.）1.狀態(tài)用來表示主語狀態(tài)，只有be一詞。例如：He is a teacher.（is與補足語一起說明主語的身份。）2.持續(xù)用來表示主語繼續(xù)或保持一種狀況或態(tài)度，主要有keep, rest, remain, stay, lie, stand。例如：He always kept silent at meeting. This matter rests a mystery. 3.表像用來表示&q

19、uot;看起來像"這一概念，主要有seem, appear, look。例如：He looks tired.4.感官感官系動詞主要有feel, smell, sound, taste。例如：This flower smells very sweet.5.變化表示主語變成什么樣，變化系動詞主要有become, grow, turn, fall, get, go, come。例如：He became mad after that. She grew rich within a short time.14. 一個半小時：one and a half hours或an hour and a

20、half15. customer顧客； member成員16. Buy a present for a family member or a friend. buy sth. for sb.買某物給某人17. everyday adj.; every day adv.; Use the sentences in everyday English. We go to school at 8 every day.18. help sb. (to) do sth.; help sb. with sth. Unit 2:19. advantage益處disadvantage劣勢;20. How do

21、you pay for it?你怎樣支付它？21. How is it changing our lives?它是怎樣改變我們的生活？come to life蘇醒過來; give ones life to獻身于; all ones life某人一生22. There are many new ways of shopping, and online shopping is one of them.有許多種新的購物方式，網(wǎng)上購物時其中一種。(注意名詞所有格ways of shopping；online shopping動名詞短語做主語。) 23. almost, nearly, hardly區(qū)別

22、(1) 只能使用almost： a.用在否定詞no, none, never, any以及no和any的合成詞之前。 I have almost nothing to do today. There is almost none left.幾乎沒剩下什么東西。 almost與否定詞連用時，可與hardly, scarcely換用。b.修飾表示感覺或心境的動詞和形容詞。I almost think youre right. c.修飾more than和too。 Thats almost too much.那簡直太過份了。(2) 只能用nearly：被very, not, pretty所修飾時，但

23、 almost 之前不能用這些詞。 Im not nearly ready. 【注意】not nearly 意為“遠非”, very pretty nearly 意為“幾乎”，都是習(xí)語。(3) hardly 1.幾乎不,簡直不。My legs were so weak that I could hardly stand. 2.不十分;盡,剛。He had hardly arrived when it began to snow. 24. 辨析anything, something, nothing1.anything意為“任何事物”，常用于否定句和疑問句中。He doesnt want to

24、eat anything. 2.something意為“某事，某物”，常用于肯定句或想得到肯定回答的疑問句中。 I have something important to tell you. Would you like something to drink?3.nothing意為“沒有東西”，相當(dāng)于 not anything。 There is nothing on the table. 25. on the Internet在因特網(wǎng)上26. mobile phone移動電話27. pay for sth.付賬，pay off sth.付清28. receive：著重僅僅接到或收到這一支輪船

25、或事實，而不含采取主動或積極行動的意思。accept：強調(diào)主動地或自愿地接受，或者說，經(jīng)過考慮后同意接受。29. compare with“與作比較”。Compare this mobile phone with that one and find out their difference.30. the prices of the same product同一產(chǎn)品的價格31. try the clothes on試穿衣服32. 辨析none, no one, nothing none指人，物都可以， no one只指人，nothing指物None 可以和of,

26、謂語可以是單數(shù)或復(fù)數(shù)；no one 不可以和of連用，謂語只有單數(shù)。none常回答how many和how much引導(dǎo)的疑問句。no one?；卮饂ho引導(dǎo)的疑問句. nothing?；卮饂hat引導(dǎo)的疑問句。33. write down寫下，記下 34. as adj./adv. as: He is as clever as you. as many Npl. as: Write down as many words as you can in each column. as much uN. as: He has as much money as john (does). 35

27、. One popular way is catalogue shopping. 36. be popular with受歡迎的，流行的；注意：popular的比較級是more popular, 最高級是most popular37. with的用法：1. 與(在)一起，帶著: I went on holiday with my friend. / Do you want to walk home with me?2. 有的，具有，隨身帶著：I have no money with me. China is a very large country with a long history. 2

28、. (表方式、手段或工具)以，用： He caught the ball with his left hand. / She wrote the letter with a pencil. 3. (表伴隨或附帶情況)同時： I slept with the window open. / Dont speak with your mouth full. 4. 贊成，同意：I am with you there. 5. (表對立或敵對)跟，以為對手： The dog was fighting with the cat. / Hes always arguing with his brother.

29、重點句型：1. There are many new ways of shopping, and online shopping is one of them. 2. Then you receive it a few days later by post.3. Online shopping has several advantages.4. They dont like shopping on the Internet because they cant see the product or try the clothes on. 5. Online shopping is changin

30、g our way of life. 6. You pay for online shopping before you receive it. 7. Going out and shopping with friends is much more fun. 8. One popular way is catalogue shopping. 受歡迎的一種方式是目錄購物。以下是原7下M5：1. north-south-east-west-northeast-northwest-southeast-southwest; 形容詞在詞尾加-ern: northern, southeastern2. 表

31、示度量衡的形容詞，即表示“多寬、多高、多長”等概念是，在英語中，排序為：3. “數(shù)詞+單位詞+長、寬、高”: 554 metres high 4. be busy with sth. He is busy with his homework. (in) doing sth. (in) doing his homework. 5. answer some questions for my homework為我的作業(yè)回答一些問題6. 7 million people, millions of Americans. 注意million單復(fù)數(shù)形式：有具體數(shù)詞時，該詞單數(shù)；無具體數(shù)詞時，million/

32、thousand）都變成復(fù)數(shù)，其后加介詞of。這些詞被a few修飾時仍用單數(shù)，如a few hundred people。 7. population的用法：(1)在比較級時，用that代替population。The population of China is larger than that of Japan. (2)population作主語時謂語動詞通常用單數(shù)，但其前有百分?jǐn)?shù)、分?jǐn)?shù)、小數(shù)時，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)。The population of China is large. Seventy percent of the population of China are peasants

33、.(3)人口的 增加或減少用grow/increase或fall/decrease; 人口的多或少用large或small.The elephant population in this area is increasing. (4)雖然population是不可數(shù)名詞，但是在表示有多少人口時，可用“a population of + 數(shù)量”結(jié)構(gòu)。The city has a population of 250,000. (5)對population提問常用what，不用how many/much. What is the population of India?(6)表示“某地有多少人口”表

34、達：(1)The population of +某地+be+數(shù)詞 (2)某地+has a population of +數(shù)量。The population of China is about 1.3 billion. = China has a population of about 1.3 billion. 8. Is Hong Kong is bigger than Shanghai? 比較級公式：A+謂語+比較級+than+B.9. in the east/south/north/west of+地點 My hometown-Dalian is in the south of Liaon

35、ing Province. 10. in, on, to表位置： Japan to Koran is on the east of China. Shandong in11. about = or so大約，about放于數(shù)詞前，or so放在數(shù)詞后。A day or so is needed for that. = About a day。12. be famous for 因.而出名 如：北京以長城而聞名。Beijing is famous for the Great Wall.be famous as 以（身份）而著名 如：周杰倫以歌手而出名。Jielun Zhou is famous

36、as a singer. 13. London is the capital of the UK.倫敦是英國的首都。 14. hill小山；mountain高而陡的山脈。 15. high反義詞low；tall反義詞short16. 注意不定冠詞an的使用：an old city; an island17. England is a region of Britain.英格蘭是大不列顛的一個地區(qū)。18. never作頻度副詞，意為“決不”，在句中使用時，常置于實義動詞之前，be動詞和助動詞之后。Its never very hot in summer, or very cold in wint

37、er. He never gets up late in the morning. 19. or 用于肯定句，意為“或者”You may stay at home or go with us. 用于否定句，意為“也不”He doesnt smoke or drink. 用于連詞（句與句）意為“否則”Hurry up, or you will miss the early bus. 20. on the coast在岸上，沿岸 coastcoastal如：Dalian is a coastal city. longadj.長的lengthn.長度wideadj. 寬的widthn.寬度higha

38、dj. 高的heightn.高度deepadj. 深的depthn.深度21. noisy比較級noisier22. fact“事實；細節(jié)”Few people know the fact. in fact事實上look for“尋找”，強調(diào)找的動作與過程，但不一定找到。find“找到，發(fā)現(xiàn)”，通常指找到或發(fā)現(xiàn)具體的東西，強調(diào)的是找到的結(jié)果。find out“找出；查明”，多指通過調(diào)查、詢問、打聽、研究之后“搞清楚，弄明白”。23. display n.&v.展覽；陳列24. with帶有，有 Beijing is a city with lots of old buildings.

39、= Beijing is a city which has lots of old buildings.25. 比較級特殊用法：原級比較級最高級good, wellbetterbestbad, badly, illworseworstmany; muchmoremostlittlelessleastfarfarther farthestfurther進一步的(地)furthest最深刻的(地)oldolder/elderoldest/eldestlatelaterlatest指時間的先后latterlast指順序的先后.MODULE 6 Around townUnit 1:1. in fron

40、t of在(不同空間)的前面；in the front of在(同一空間)的前面2. square正方形；廣場；平方 The beautiful square is about 2,000 square metres.3. tell me the way to告訴我去的路。way的用法:一、表示“方式”、“方法”，注意以下用法：1. 表示用某種方法或按某種方式，通常用介詞 in(此介詞有時可省略)。如：Do it (in) your own way. Please do not talk (in) that way. 2. 表示做某事的方式或方法，其后可接不定式或 of doing sth。如

41、：Its the best way of studying to study English. There are different ways to do of doing it. 二、固定用法：1. in a way：表示在一定程度上，從某方面說。如：In a way he was right.2. on the way： (1)表示：即將來(去)，就要來(去)。如：Spring is on the way. (2)表示：在路上，在行進中。如：I met an old friend on the way to work this morning. 3. by the way： (1)表示：

42、在途中的路旁。如：They stopped for a picnic by the way.他們途中停在路邊野餐。 (2)表示：順便說，順便問。如：By the way, do you know where Mary lives? 4. in the way：表示：擋路，礙事。如：I'm afraid your car is in the way. 注：in the way有時也可說成in ones way。如：Youll have to moveyoure in my way. 4. go across = cross; He crossed/went across the stre

43、et.5. go along the street沿著街道走6. turn left/right向左/向右轉(zhuǎn)彎7. on the left/right在左/在右邊8. Is there a bookshop near here? near介詞，意為“接近，靠近”，相當(dāng)于next to；還可以用作副詞，意為“在近處”。 My home is near the school. He lives quite near. 9. opposite的用法：介詞在對面，常與名詞一起構(gòu)成介詞短語，表示方向The live opposite the bank. 形容詞另一邊的；對面的；相反的We live on

44、 the opposite side of the road.副詞在對面Theres an old man living opposite. 名詞相反的人/物，對立面，常用介詞of一起使用“Tall” is the opposite of “short ”.10. why not do? = why dont you do? Why not read newspapers in English? = Why dont you read?11. Could you tell me how to get to the National Stadium? Could you tell me how

45、to do?Could you tell me the way to, please?Which is the way to, please?Excuse me, where is? 常用問路句型。How can I get to?I want to go toDo you know the way?Im looking forCan you tell me where it is?12. an underground station地下車站13. get to sw.; arrive at/in sw.; reach sw.到達某地14. take a bus or a taxi乘坐公交車/

46、出租車15. ask for the way to the sw.打聽去某地的路Unit 2:16. in the middle of在中間17. Were standing opposite the National Gallery, a famous museum with lots of famous paintings. a famous museum with是the National Gallery的同位語，對National Gallery的進一步說明。with lots of famous paintings是介詞短語作后置定語，修飾a famous museum。其中pain

47、ting為可數(shù)名詞，意為“油畫，繪畫”。18. walk along沿著.走19. abovebelow; overunder; onbeneath 20. The best way to see London is by boat. 不定式to see London作后置定語，修飾way。by boat乘船21. As you go along the river, the London Eye is on your right. 此處as作連詞，意為“當(dāng)?shù)臅r候”，引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句。22. get offget on23. turn left into Kings Street其中into意

48、為“進入”。Come into the house.到屋里來吧。The water turns into ice.水結(jié)成冰。 I burst into laughter.我笑了起來。 24. This is where well finish out tour. 表語從句，用關(guān)系副詞where連接。25. Some of them may be names which you often cant translate. 定語從句修飾先行詞names。26. Look at words which begin with capital letters and decide if they are

49、 names. 【capital letters大寫字母】 定語從句 賓語從句27. direction方向，指南；指揮，指示Unit 3:28. walk up沿著走；walk up to走近; walk into走進; walk out走出29. 辨析：up, along, down1)up有“向上”的意思，且?guī)в邢蛘f話人而來的意思。2)along表示“沿著”，不表示方向。3)down有“向下“的意思，有離說話人而去的意思。We are walking along/down/up the street.30. need的用法：1.need既是情態(tài)動詞，又是實義動詞。作為情態(tài)動詞時不能用于肯

50、定句。She neednt know. (情態(tài)動詞)2.實義動詞常用need to do sth. She needs to know the truth. (實義動詞)3.當(dāng)表示被動語態(tài)時，可用need to be done或need doing.如：The window needs to be cleaned. The window needs cleaning. 31. next to在近旁；僅次于32. learn about得知有關(guān)的消息；獲得33. on the other side of在另一側(cè)34. walk across穿過on the right/left在右邊/左邊Sal

51、ly sits on the right of me. next to與緊挨著Her home is next to her school.opposite在的對面The post office is opposite the cinema. on the corner of在的拐角處The public phone is on the corner of the street. between.and在和之間There is a bank between the post office and the school. 重點句型：1. Can you tell me the way to Wangfujing Dajie?2. Why not ask the policeman over there?3. You can see most of London on a clear day. 4. When you are tired, the best way to see London is by boat.5. Get off the boat at Tower Bridge.以下是原7下M6：1. 反義詞：dangerous危險的- safe安全的 danger / safety n. late晚- e