高中英語基礎(chǔ)語法知識(shí)總結(jié)(打印背誦版)

1、高中英語基礎(chǔ)語法知識(shí)總結(jié)（名師總結(jié)基礎(chǔ)語法知識(shí)點(diǎn)，建議下載練習(xí)）英語語法框架概詞法數(shù)量：10大類分類依據(jù)：形式特征、意義、句法作用詞類定義例詞名詞Noun表小事物先稱的詞Market, people, water, information代詞Pronoun代替名詞或名詞所有格的詞I, me, we, your, hers, all, nothing實(shí)詞動(dòng)詞Verb表示動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)的詞Are, do, go, eatNotional形容詞Adjective表示人或事物性質(zhì)特征的詞Young, fast, excellentword副詞Adverb表示動(dòng)作、狀態(tài)、性質(zhì)的程度的詞Very, well,

2、 always數(shù)詞Numeral表示數(shù)目或順序的詞One, first, thousand冠詞Article名詞前，說明名詞含義A, an, the虛詞介詞Proposition名詞或代詞之間，表關(guān)系Of, to, after,Empty連詞Conjunction連接，關(guān)節(jié)”之意And, but, ifword感嘆詞Injection情感態(tài)度的詞Oh, ah, well句法分類方法：按成分、按類別1.句子成分成分充當(dāng)詞例句名詞NounThe sun gives us light and heat.人稱代詞Personal pronounWe love life.主語 subject物主代詞Po

3、ssessive pronounYour idea is good, but mine is better.誰“什么”指示代詞Demonstrative pronounThis is my favorite teacher.動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)的發(fā)出者疑問代詞Interrogative pronounWhat is the most important thing in your life?不定代詞Indefinite pronounNobody can stop me studying.基數(shù)詞Cardinal numeralTwo of you are my best students.序數(shù)詞Ordi

4、nal numeralThe second is my sister.形容詞AdjectiveThe old should be taken care of in our country.不定式InfinitiveTo talk is easier than to do.動(dòng)名詞GerundHelping others can bring us happiness.從句clauseWhat you did is better than what you said.謂語 predicate主語的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)實(shí)意動(dòng)詞聯(lián)系動(dòng)詞Notional verbLinking verbWe plan to rev

5、iew our lessons in three months.We are Chinese.名詞NounNowadays many foreigners are learning Chinese.口 object人稱代詞Personal pronounHe fools us_ all.及物動(dòng)詞或及物動(dòng)詞短語的對(duì)象或內(nèi)谷反身代詞Reflexive pronounBelieve in yourself.指示代詞Demonstrative pronounI thank you will like this.疑問代詞Interrogative pronounWho are you waiting f

6、or?不定代詞Infinitive pronounThey got everything they want.物主代詞Possessive pronounHe is an old friends of hers.相互代詞Reciprocal pronounWe should learn to respect each other.形容詞AdjectiveThat news will make mother happy.副詞AdverbLet me show you out.賓語補(bǔ)足語名詞NounWe chose Tom our monitor.object complement介詞短語Prep

7、ositional phraseJerry found him in a strange world.賓語之后，補(bǔ)充說明不定式InfinitiveDo not force me to do anything I don t like.現(xiàn)在分詞Present participleDon t keep meriting too long.過去分詞Past participleThey ran away and left the work unfinished形容詞AdjectiveThe mountains are green.表語 predictive說明主語，補(bǔ)足語”副詞指示代詞疑問代詞不定代

8、詞基數(shù)詞序數(shù)詞介詞短語不定式動(dòng)名詞現(xiàn)在分詞過去分詞從句AdverbDemonstrative pronoun Interrogative pronounIndefinite pronounCardinal numeralOrdinal numeralPrepositional phraseInfinitiveGerundPresent participlePast participleclauseTime is up.What I want is this.I wander who you are.It is nothing serious.Two plus two is four.My mo

9、ther is always the first to get up.The watch is just under the table.My job is to clean the road.His bobby is collecting stamps.The result is disappointing.We are disappointed to the result.That is what IQ means.te語 attribute修飾名詞或代詞名詞形容詞副詞物主代詞指示代詞疑問代詞不定代詞基數(shù)詞序數(shù)詞介詞短語NounAdjectiveAdverbPossessive prono

10、unDemonstrative pronounInterrogative pronounIndefinite pronounCardinal numeralOrdinal numeralPrepositional phraseHe works in a car factory.Now the world is just like a small village.The native there are very friendly.ThejrJnvention won the world prize.These wild plants are well protected.Which river

11、 is the longest in the world?Both his parents are doctors.The organization contains eight countries.He was the fifth-player to receive the honor.Many secrets in space remain unknown.不定式動(dòng)名詞現(xiàn)在分詞過去分詞從句InfinitiveGerundPresent participlePast participleclauseSo I have nothing to say for myself.I bought a

12、walking stick for my grandfather.Tom got injured by a falling tree.They reached an old house built 200 years ago.Those who drink water will not forget the people who dig the well.名詞NounLi Ming is one year old than I.形容詞AdjectiveThe travelers came back, safe and sound.狀語 adverbial副詞AdverbThe son ofte

13、n write to his parents.位置隨意，修飾任意不定式InfinitiveMother went to buy something in the market.動(dòng)詞、副詞、形容詞現(xiàn)在分詞Present participleHe stood up, looking at the boss coldly.從句、全句過去分詞Past participleLed by the natives, we found the old castle.介詞短語Prepositional phraseFrom the space the astronaut saw a blue globe.從句C

14、lauseWhere there is smoke, there is fire.獨(dú)立主格nominative absolutestructureWeather permitting, we will go for a同位語 appositive名詞NounMiss Wu, our English teacher, is kind to us.前名詞、代詞的具體內(nèi)容代詞PronounThey each have a PC.數(shù)詞NumeralI have prepared a nice dinner for you two從句clauseWd ve got the newsthat our te

15、am won the match句子類別分類：按使用目的、按結(jié)構(gòu)(1) 按使用目的：陳述句、疑問句、祈使句、感嘆句類別例句啟7E句AssertiveHis name was Pangu.陳述句sentenceShe began searching for that something.Declarative否定句sentenceNegativeI can not agree with you.sentenceIt doesn t matter.一般疑問句GeneralDid Italy win the World Cap?questionIs that film interesting?疑問句

16、特殊疑問句What is your name?QuestionSpecialWhere can you find the answer、sentencequestion選擇疑問句Are you a teacher or a student ?AlternativeDo you like coffee or tea ?question反義疑問句It is fine day, isn t it?DisjunctivequestionNo one accepted your offer, did they?祈使句Do not take everything for granted!imperativ

17、e sentenceFollow me, please.感嘆句What a good teacher he is!exclamatory sentenceHow good a teacher he is!(2)按結(jié)構(gòu)：簡(jiǎn)單句、并列句、復(fù)合句類別例句簡(jiǎn)單句 simple sentence5種基本類型S+VIThe sun rises in the east.S+VT+OMany families keep pets.S+V+CChina is still a developing country.S+VT+O1+O2He sent me an e-mail yesterday.S+VT+O+CMy girl always makes me happy.并列句Coor