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1、學(xué)習(xí)好資料 歡迎下載初中英語被動語態(tài)專項講解一、語態(tài)概述語態(tài)是動詞的一種形式,表示句子之中主語和謂語動詞的關(guān)系。英語有兩種語態(tài):主動語態(tài)和被動語態(tài)二、被動語態(tài)的構(gòu)成被動語態(tài)由 助動詞be+及物動詞的過去分詞”構(gòu)成。人稱、數(shù)和時態(tài)的變化是通過be的變化表現(xiàn)出來的。(被動語態(tài)的否定式和疑問式均由助動詞或第一個助動詞構(gòu)成。)各種時態(tài)的被動語態(tài)構(gòu)成:1 .一般現(xiàn)在時:am/ is/are+及物動詞的過去分詞Eg: I'm asked to take care of myself.Football is played all over the world2 .一般過去時:was/ were+及物

2、動詞的過去分詞Eg: This house was built in 1958.His leg was broken in an accident.3 .一般將來時:will /shall be+及物動詞的過去分詞Eg: More factories will be built in our city.He will be taken to hospital tomorrow.4 .現(xiàn)在進彳T時:am/ is/are being+及物動詞白過去分詞.Eg: A road is being built around the mountain.Many new houses are being b

3、uilt in this cit5 .過去進彳T時:was/were being+及物動詞的過去分詞Eg: The meeting was being held when I was there.We were being trained this time last year.6 .現(xiàn)在完成時:have/ has bee什及物動詞的過去分詞Eg: His book has been translated into many foreign languages.The prices of many goods have been cut again .7 .過去完成時:had been +及物

4、動詞的過去分詞Eg: A new school had been set up by the end of last year.8 .含有情態(tài)動詞的被動語態(tài):情態(tài)動詞 +be+及物動詞的過去分詞Eg: The rubbish can be put into the dustbin over there.4.含有情態(tài)動詞的被動語態(tài)含有情態(tài)動詞的主動語態(tài)變成被動語態(tài)時,由情態(tài)動詞+ be+過去分詞”構(gòu)成,原來帶to的情態(tài)動學(xué)習(xí)好資料歡迎下載詞變成被動語態(tài)后“toe要保留。Eg: We can repair this watch in two days.This watch can be repai

5、red in two days.They should do it at once. It should be done at once.The rubbish can be put into the dustbin over there.六.可與被動語態(tài)連用的介詞在被動語態(tài)的句子中,常用介詞by引出動作的發(fā)出者,實際上同被動語態(tài)連用的介詞除by以外還 有很多。1.表示謂語動詞的動作是為誰或為何目的而發(fā)生的要用介詞for o (be used for sth /doing sth被用于一被用于做)Eg:1.This new bike was bought for you .2.Stamps a

6、re used for sending letters .2 .表示動作發(fā)出者所使用的工具或強調(diào)狀態(tài)時應(yīng)用介詞withEg: 1.The trees were cut down with a knife .2.The bottle is filled with orange .3 .表示 被作為(發(fā)生)”應(yīng)用介詞as (be used as被作為使用)Eg: English is used as a first language in Canada.4 .在be well-known后應(yīng)用介詞to,表示 被一所熟知”Eg: The Great Wall is well-known to eve

7、ryone in the world .5 .在be made后可用多個介詞表示不同的意義1) .be made in表示 在某地制造”Eg: This Tv set is made in shanghai .2) .be made of和be made from都可以表示 由制成的”,但be made of強調(diào)從制成品上可以看出原材料,be made from則表示從制成品上看不出原材料。Eg: 1.This table is made of wood .2.This kind of paper is made from wood.3) .be made by由一(人)制造的Eg: The

8、cake is made by my mother .4) .be made into表示 被制成"make - into把制成(主動形式)Eg: Glass is often made into glasses®璃常被制成玻璃杯。5) .be made after表示 仿照制成”Eg: This machine is made after theirs這臺機器是仿照他們的機器制成的。學(xué)習(xí)好資料歡迎下載6) .be made up of表示 由組成” Eg: Our class is made up of fifty students .七.不可用于被動語態(tài)的情況1 .當(dāng)謂

9、語動詞是表示靜態(tài)的及物動詞(短語)時(eg: have ,cost ,hold ,know ,fit ,belong to )不可用于被動語態(tài)。Eg:How long did the meeting last ?2 .當(dāng)謂語動詞是look ,become ,get ,turn等連系動詞,其后的成分多為形容詞或名詞詞組作表語時。Eg: he looks fine .在英語中,主動意義用主動語態(tài)表示,被動意義用被動語態(tài)表示。但在以下幾種情況下,被動意義 卻用主動語態(tài)來表示:一.少數(shù)動詞,既可作及物動詞,也可作不及物動詞。當(dāng)它們作不及物動詞且用來表示主語內(nèi)在品 質(zhì)或性能時,可用一般時態(tài)的主動形式表示

10、被動意義,其主語大多為事物。常見的有:sell(銷'售好)” read好讀 ”),write(好寫 ”),wash(“耐洗”),wear(“耐穿),last , tear,lock ,count ,open ,teach ,drive ,tak*、eg:1). The tickets cost too much and sold badl遮些票太貴了,銷路不好。2) . Can you lend Hie your pen?Your pen writes better你能把你的鋼筆借給我嗎 ?你的鋼筆更好寫。3) .The pen writes well.這筆好寫。4) .The doo

11、r won ' t openf不下來。5) .The clothes wash easily.這衣服很好洗。6) . The door won't open. 這門打不開。注意:這類動詞的主動形式表示被動意義有三個明顯特征1) .與not, hardly等否定意義的詞連用.2) .常與副詞 well,easily,badly ,poorly ,nicely ,fast ,smoothly,等連用表示效果或程度。3)句中的主語是謂語動詞的承受者。二.某些表示感覺,狀態(tài),特征的系動詞eg: feel, look, sound, smell, taste等系動詞,用主動形式表達被動意

12、義,主語是物。Eg:1.The cloth feels soft.這布料摸起來很軟。2 .His cake tastes good.他的蛋糕味道很好。3 .Good medicine tastes bitter.良藥苦 口三.動詞need, want, require等表示 需要”或 應(yīng)該”的意義時,后用動詞ing的主動式或動詞不定式被動形式表示變動意義.oEg: 1).The floor needs sweeping 地板須拖一下。學(xué)習(xí)好資料歡迎下載2) .The old bike needs repairing (or: to be repaired).那輛舊自行車需要修理。3) .You

13、r hair needs cutting.你的頭發(fā)需要理了。4) .The wall requires painting.這墻壁需要粉刷了。四.主語+be worth doing "句式中ving形式表達被動含義Eg: 1.This book is well worth reading.2.The film is well worth seeing.五.表示 發(fā)生、進行”的不及物動詞和短語,如: happen, last, take place, break out, come out, come about, come true, run out, give out, turn o

14、u等以主動形式表示被動意義。Eg: How do the newspapers come out?這些報紙是如何引出來的呢?六.非謂語動詞的主動形式表被動意義在某些句型中可用動名詞和不定式的主動形式表被動意義。1 .在need, want, require, bear等詞的后面,動名詞用主動形式表示被動意義,其含義相當(dāng)于動詞不定式的被動形式。Eg:The house needs repairing(to be repaired). 這房子需要修理。2 .形容詞worth后面跟動名詞的主動形式表示被動含義,但不能跟動詞不定式;而worthy后面跟動詞不定式的被動形式。Eg:The picture

15、-book is well worth reading. (= The picture-book is very worthy to be read )3 .動詞不定式在名詞后面作定語,不定式和名詞之間有動賓關(guān)系時,又和句中另一名詞或代詞構(gòu)成主謂關(guān)系,不定式的主動形式表示被動含義。Eg:I have a lot of things to do this afternoon (to do 與 things 是動賓關(guān)系,與 I 是主謂關(guān)系。)試比較:I ' ll go to the post office)。you have a letter to be posted?(此處用不定式的被動

16、語態(tài)作 定語表明you不是post動作的執(zhí)行者。)九.教材中與被動語態(tài)相關(guān)的一些詞組:get dressed穿衣)get hurt(受傷)get lost(迷路)get washed詵臉)get married結(jié)婚)be covered with 獻覆蓋)be made of (由制成)(看得出原材料)be made by (由某人制造)be made from (由一制成)(看不出原材料)be made in (由某地制造)be used for (被用于一)be used as (被當(dāng)作使用) be used to do (被用于做.)it is said that (據(jù)說)it is h

17、oped that (希望)It is well known that(總所周知.)學(xué)習(xí)好資料歡迎下載初中英語被動語態(tài)專項練習(xí)1()1 The People's Republic of China on October 1, 1949.A. found B. was founded C. is founded D. was found()2 English in Canada.A.speaks B.are spoken C. is speaking D. is spoken()3 This English song by the girls after class.A. often s

18、ings B. often sang C. is often sang D. is often sung()4 This kind of car in Japan.A, makes B. made C. is making D. is made()5 New computers all over the world.A. is used B. are using C. are used D. have used()6 Our room must clean.A. keep B. be kept C. to be kept D. to keep()7 -I'd like to buy t

19、hat coat -I'm sorry.A. it sold B. it's selling C. It's been sold D. it had been sold()8 A new house at the corner of the road.A. is building B. is being built C. been built D. be building()9 The keyon the table when I leave.A. was left B. will be left C. is left D. has been left()10 Doct

20、ors in every part of the world.A. need B. are needing C. are needed D. will need()11His new book next month.A. will be published B. is publishingC. is being published D. has been published()12 Japanese in every country.A. is not spoken B. are spoken C. is speaking D. is not speaking()13 These papers

21、yet.A. have not writtenB. have not been writtenC. has not writtenD. has not been written()14 The sports meet be held until next week.A. didn'tB. won'tC. isn'tD. doesn't ()15 My shoes are worn out學(xué)習(xí)好資料歡迎下載A. Can't they be mended?B. Let me have a look at it.C. How much do they cost

22、?D. Can't they mended?()16 the watch been repaired yet? I badly need it.A. Does B. Has C. Is D. Are()17 these desks be needed?A. W川B. Are C. Has D. Do()18 Why to talk about it yesterday?A. didn't a meeting holdB. wasn't a meeting heldC. wasn't held a meetingD. a meeting wasn't he

23、ld()19 Who was the book?A. write B. wrote C. written D. written by()20 Where these boxes made?A. was B. were C. is D. am()21 The flowers often.A. must be water B. must be watered C. must watered D. must water()22 The books may for two weeks.A. be keptB. be borrowed C. keepD. borrow()23 The teacher m

24、ade him his homework.A. to do B. doC. didD. done()24 The boy streets without pay in the old days.A. was made to clean B. made clean C. made to clean D. was made clean()25 These children dance.A. were seen to B. were seen for C. were seenD. saw to()26 Thesestones well.A. are fittedB. fitC. fitsD. is

25、fitted()27 The bike 500 yuan.A. was costB. costed C. costD. is costed()28 The important meeting on a cold morning last year.A. was hadB. was heldC. heldD. had()29 Great changes in the past ten years in China.A. took place B. have taken place C. were taking place D. had taken place ()30 You can't

26、 use the computer, it.學(xué)習(xí)好資料歡迎下載A. was broken down B. is wrong C. is bad D. has broken down ()31 Great changes in our country during the past 20 years.A. have happened B. happened C. have been happened D. were happened ()32 The watch has often down.A. sat B. lain C. broken D. fell()33 Please pass me

27、another cup. This one.A. is broken B. is breaking C. broke D. broken()34 The story books by the writer in the 1960s.A. are written B. were written C. are writing D. were writing()35What time the door every day?A. does; closedB. does; closeC. is; closed D. /; close()36 Can he himself?A. get dress B.

28、get dressed C. gets dressed D. instead of ()37 He fell from his bike and.A. is hurt B. gets hurt C. got hurt D. hurt ( )38Lookout, please keep away from the fire, or your trousers will_A. burnt B. burn C. burning D. get burn()39 The apple very sweet.A. is tasted B. taste C. tastesD. are tasting()40Y

29、ou more beautiful in the light blue shirt.A. see B. watch C. lookD. look at()41 What you said. like a good idea.A. heard B. listened C. sound D. sounded()42 -What do you think of the TV play? -Wonderful. It is worth a second time.A. watching B. watched C. seen D. seeing()43.How dirty the tables are!

30、 They need.A. to clean B. clean C. cleaning D. cleaned()44.The book is worth.A. seeing B. reading C. seenD. read()45 The broken bike here by Mr Smith.A. can mend B. can mended C. can be mend D. can be mended ()46 The old bridge in my hometown next month.學(xué)習(xí)好資料歡迎下載A. is going to be rebuilt B. will reb

31、uilt C. are 'going to be rebuilt D. are going to rebuilt ()47 The play at the theatre next Sunday.A. is going to be shown B. will shown C. will show D. is shown()48 The old stone bridge next week.A. is going to be rebuilt B. will be rebuild C. are going to be rebuilt D. will rebuild()49 Now thes

32、e magazines in the library for a long time.A.have keptB. are keeping C. have been keeping D. have been kept()50 The potfor hot water.A. used; keeping B. was used; keeping C. is used; to keep D. are used; keep()51 Tea in the south of China.A. growsB. is grown C. were grown D. will grow()55 The bridge

33、s two years ago.A. is built B. builtC. were builtD. was built()56 Wet clothes are often up near a fire in rainy weather.A. hang B. hanged C. hanging D. hung()57The river smells terrible. People must dirty things into it.A. be stopped to throw B. be stopped from throwing C. stop to throw D. stop from

34、 throwing ()58 The teapotwater.A. is filled withB. filled of C. fulling ofD. filled()59 Old people must be looked after well and politely.A. speak toB. spoken C. speak D. spoken to()60Old people must.A. look after well B. be looked well after C. looked well after D. be looked after well()61 Newly-bo

35、rn babies in hospital.A. are taken good careB. are taken good care ofC. take good care ofD. take good care()62 They were at the sudden noise.A. frighteningB. frightened C. frightenD. frightens()63 These walls stone.A. are made of B. made of C. are made into D. made into()64 Jane to sing us an Americ

36、an song last Saturday.A. calledB. was askedC. toldD. was said學(xué)習(xí)好資料歡迎下載()65 The papers to them.A. were shown B. showC. shownD. have shown()66The coat her sister.A. made to B. were made for C. was made for D. was made to()67 Ifive minutes to decide whether I should go or not.A. gave B. was giving C. h

37、ad given D. was given()68 Good care such things.A. should take of B. should be taken C. should be taking D. should be taken of被動語態(tài)專項練習(xí)請寫出被動語態(tài)的基本結(jié)構(gòu):A. 一般現(xiàn)在時的被動語態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu):is /am/are +R物動詞的過去分詞+其它+by sb.1. Football (play)all over the world。2. Many trees (plant) in North China.3. Rice (grow) in South China.4.

38、 A camera (use) for taking photos5. I often (ask) to do this work.B.一般過去時的被動語態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu):was /were+及物動詞的過去分詞+其它+by sb.1. The house (build) in 1978.2. All the students (ask) to bring a kite with them last Sunday3. The car (clean) by Dad yesterday.4. I (tell) to wait for him right here.5. When the present (gi

39、ve) to him by his mother?C.含有情態(tài)動詞的被動語態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu):情態(tài)動詞can / may / must / should + be +及物動詞的過去分詞+其它+by sb.1. Chocolate may (send) to him as a present.2. Computers should (look) after well.3. Can this kind of machine (mend) by Uncle Wang?4. No stars can (see) in the day-time by us.5. Must the old people (speak

40、) to politely?D.你能試著做一做含有其它時態(tài)的被動語態(tài)嗎?1. The letter (write) by Lin Tao now.學(xué)習(xí)好資料 歡迎下載2. The bridge (finish) next month.3. The CD-ROMs (sell) already.4. The blackboard (clean) when I came in.練習(xí)2一選擇題()1.The strange thing was used wine灑) by ancient (古代的) people.A.for drinkB.to drinkC.drinking D.drinked()

41、2.Today,too many trees are still in the world.A.cutting down B.cut down C.being cut down D.cutted down()3.English in many countries, but Chinese their own languages.A.is spoken,speaks B.speaks,is spoken C.is spoken,speaken D.is spoken,is spoken()4.This kind of apple in Jinzhou.A.is grown B.grow C.gr

42、ewD.are grown()5.These young trees must after well.A.look B.looks after C.be looked D.looked()6.My coat is made cool (羊毛)and silk.A.to B.forC.fromD.of()7.Our teacher was seen to the office a moment ago.A.go B.to goC.goingD.goes()8.The Oxford Castle by Henry. It is in very good condition now.A.builtB

43、.was built C.has been built D.is built()9.Ice can be water.A.turn intoB.turn toC.turned into D.turned to()10.Keys are used for doors.A.lock B.lockedC.lockingD.locks()11.The greenhouse;(mH) should be glass.A.made of B.made fromC.made into D.made in()12.Sorry, all the vegetables. Please come tomorrow.

44、A.sells well B.have sold out C.have been sold out D.are selling()13.The man is badly hurt. He to the hospital.學(xué)習(xí)好資料歡迎下載A.has sent B.has been sent C.sent D.has sent for()14.A big cinema in our town next year.A.will buildB.is builtC.will be built D.has built()15.This book by a famous writer many years

45、 ago.A. writes B. is writtenC. was writen D. was written()16.In China the money to children for good luck by their parents or other senior in SpringFestivalA.gives B.is givenC.are given D.give二、改寫句子1 .They built a new school in the village last year.(改為被動語態(tài))A new school in the v川age last year.1.1 n

46、the old days people used teapots茶壺) to make tea.(改為被動語態(tài))In the old days teapots to make tea.3 .This makes me feel thirsty .(改為被動語態(tài))I feel thirsty by this.4 .Did you buy this bike from the shop ?(改為被動語態(tài))from the shop (by you) ?5 .Only this year, millions of trees has been planted by the soldier砥為主動語態(tài)

47、) Only this year, The soldiers millions of trees.6.We should speak to old men politely.(改為被動語態(tài))Old men should politely.7. My watch needs repairing.(同義句)My watch needs.8. He ' s often seen to dance in his room, ?僅意疑問句)9. The photos were taken in Japan.(改為否定句)(改為一般疑問句,并做肯定和否定回答) (對劃線提問)被動語態(tài)專項練習(xí)一、選

48、擇題()1.a new library in our school last year?A.Is; built B.Was; bulitC.Does; buildD.Did; build歡迎下載學(xué)習(xí)好資料()2.An accident on this road last week.A.has been happened B.was happened C.is happened D.happened( )3.Cotton in the southeast of China .A.is grownB.are grownC.growsD.grow()4.So far,the moon by man

49、already.A.is visited B.will be visited C.has been visited D.was visited()5.A talk on Chinese history in th school hall next week.A.is givenB.has been given C.will be given D.gives( )6.How many trees this year?A.are planted B.will plant C.have been planted D.planted()7.A lot of things by people to sa

50、ve the little girl now.A.are doing B.are being done C.has been done D.will be done()8.Neither of them in China .A.is made B.are made C.were madeD.made( )9.Look! A nice picture for our teacher.A.is drawing B.is being drawnC.has been drawn D.draws( )10.Your shoes. You need a new pair.A.wear outB.worn

51、outC.are worn out D.is worn()11.The doctor for yet.A.isn't sent B.hasn't been sent C.won't be sent D.wasn't sent()12.-When this kind of computers? -Last year.A.did; useB.was; usedC.is; usedD.are; used()13.The Great Wall all over the world.A.knowsB.knewC.is knownD.was known()14.I in s

52、ummer.A.born B.was bornC.have been born D.am born ()15.He says that Mr Zhang to the factory next week.A.is sentB.would sendC.was sent D.will be sent()16.Who this book?A.did; written B.was; written by C.did; written D.was;written()17.Mary show me her new dictionary.A.has asked to B.was asked to C.is

53、askedD.asks to學(xué)習(xí)好資料歡迎下載()18.A story by Granny yesterday.A.was told us B.was told to usC.is told usD.told us()19.The monkey was seen off the tree.A.jumpB.jumpsC.jumpedD.to jump()20.The school bag behind the chair.A.putsB.can be putC.can be putted D.can put()21.Older people well.A.looks after B.must b

54、e looked after C.must look after D.looked after()22.Our teacher carefully.A.should be listened to B.should be listen C.be listened D.is listened被動語態(tài)專項練習(xí)31. 一How long at this job? Since 1990. (2003北京)A. were you employed B. have you been employedC. had you been employed D. will you be employed2. What

55、 happened to the priceless works of art?. (2003北京)A. They were destroyed in the earthquake B. The earthquake was destroying themC. They destroyed in the earthquake D. The earthquake destroyed themtable3. If city noises from increasing, people shout to be heard even at the dinner20 years from now. (M

56、ET1992 )A. are not kept; will have to B. are not kept; have toC. do not keep; will have to D. do not keep; have to4. Do you like the material?Yes, it very soft. (MET1994 )A. is feeling B. felt C. feels D. is felt5. I need one more stamp before my collection. (MET1994 )A. has completed B. completes C

57、. has been completed D. is completed6. All the preparations for the task, and we're ready to start. (NMET 200匿)A. completed B. complete C. had been completed D. have been completed7. Hundreds of jobs if the factory closes. (NMET 2001春)A. lose B. will be lost C. are lost D. will lose學(xué)習(xí)好資料歡迎下載8. A new cinema here. They hope to finish

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