黑龍江省大慶市喇中高中英語(yǔ)閱讀集練-科普環(huán)保類

1、高中英語(yǔ)閱讀科普環(huán)保類1、閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)（A、B、C和D）中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)。 How could we possibly think that keeping animals in cages in unnatural environments mostly for entertainment purposes  is fair and respectful?Zoo officials say they are concerned about animalsHowever, most zoos remain “collections” of interesting

2、 “things” rather than protective habitatsZoos teach people that it is acceptable to keep animals bored, lonely, and far from their natural homes. Zoos claim to educate people and save endangered species, but visitors leave zoos without having learned anything meaningful about the animals natural beh

3、avior, intelligence, or beautyZoos keep animals in small spaces or cages, and most signs only mention the species name, diet, and natural rangeThe animals normal behavior is seldom noticed because zoos dont usually take care of the animals natural needs The animals are kept together in small spaces,

4、 with no privacy and little opportunity for mental and physical exerciseThis results in unusually and self-destructive behavior called zoochosisA worldwide study of zoos found that zoochosis is common among animals kept in small spaces or cagesAnother study showed that elephants spend 22 percent of

5、their time making repeated head movements or biting cage bars, and bears spend 30 percent of their time walking back and forth, a sign of unhappiness and pain. Furthermore, most animals in zoos are not endangeredCaptive breeding(圈養(yǎng)繁殖) of endangered big cats, Asian elephants, and other species has no

6、t resulted in their being sent back to the wildZoos talk a lot about their captive breeding programs because they do not want people to worry about a species dying outIn fact, baby animals also attract a lot of paying customersHavent we seen enough competitions to name baby animals? Actually, we wil

7、l save endangered species only if we save their habitats and put an end to the reasons people kill themInstead of supporting zoos, we should support groups that work to protect animals natural habitats.【小題1】How would the author describe the animals life in zoos? ADangerousBUnhappyCNaturalDEasy.【小題2】

8、In the state of zoochosis, animals _. Aremain in cagesBbehave strangelyCattack other animalsDenjoy moving around【小題3】What does the author try to argue in the passage? AZoos are not worth the public supportBZoos fail in their attempt to save animals.CZoos should treat animals as human beings.DZoos us

9、e animals as a means of entertainment.【小題4】The author tries to persuade readers to accept his argument mainly by _. Apointing out the faults in what zoos doBusing evidence he has collected at zoosCquestioning the way animals are protectedDdiscussing the advantages of natural habitats2、You may have n

10、ever heard of Lanthanum, Cerium or Neodymium, but these elements (元素) and others known as “rare earth” play a major role in modern technology. They can actually be found in many places on the earth, but not in quantities that can be mined. Only a few countries China, America, India, Australia, Brazi

11、l and Malaysia have any that can be mined enough to be traded. Even though some of these elements such as Cerium are as abundant as Copper, they are not found in concentrated amounts on the earths surface. They are often mixed together with other metals, which makes extraction (提取) of these elements

12、 an expensive and an environmentally messy process. It was due to this reason that the term “rare earth” was invented. Rare earth metals are used widely in our life. Rechargeable car batteries, computers, iPhones, DVD players, computer monitors, televisions, lighting, lasers, glass polishing, and su

13、perconductors all use quantities of rare earth metals. Also, with the advancement in “green” technology like solar panels, these shiny materials are becoming more important than ever. An average electric car uses 10 pounds of Lanthanum for its rechargeable battery! America has large deposits (存儲(chǔ)量) o

14、f rare earths and has one of the first mines. It was opened in Southern California in 1940. The element “Europium” was the first metal to be separated in quantity for use in color televisions. However, in the 1980s and 1990s, as China started producing these elements in Inner Mongolia, the mines in

15、America and elsewhere could not keep pace. The mine in Mountain Pass, California also failed environmental regulations and shut down in 2002. Now, recognizing the importance of having more than one supplier of this important resource, other rare earth owning countries like India and Australia are ei

16、ther dusting off their rare earth mines or speeding up their production. It is believed that the debate over rare earths will become louder in the coming months and years.【小題1】What can we learn about rare earths? AThey are actually as abundant as Copper.BThey can be mined easily as other metals.CThe

17、y can only be found in a few countries.DThey are not really as rare as they are named.【小題2】Compared with China, America _. Apaid more attention to EuropiumBhas larger deposits of rare earthsCstarted producing rare earths earlierDhas more rare earth mines【小題3】It can be inferred from the text that rar

18、e earths _. Aare now in great demandBcan now be used in few fieldsCare harmful to the environmentDwill soon be replaced by other metals3、Mosquitoes have an extraordinary ability to target humans far away and fly straight to their unprotected skin. Regrettably，mosquitoes can do more than cause an itc

19、hy(發(fā)癢的）wound. Some mosquitoes spread several serious diseases，including Dengue，yellow fever and  malaria. Over one million people worldwide die from these diseases each year. New research now   shows how mosquitoes choose who to bite. Mosquitoes need blood to survive. They are attract

20、ed to human skin and breath. They smell the carbon dioxide gas，which all mammals breathe out. This gas is the main way for mosquitoes to know that a warm-blooded creature is nearby. But mosquitoes also use their eyes and sense of touch. Michael Dickinson is a professor at the California Institute of

21、 Technology. His research shows how these small insects，with even smaller brains，use three senses to find a blood meal. Michael Dickinsons team used plumesa material that rises into the air of carbon dioxide gas into a wind tunnel. They then used cameras to record the mosquitoes. The insects followe

22、d the plume. Then，the scientists placed dark objects on the lighter  colored floor and walls of the  tunnel. Mr. Dickinson said，at first，the mosquitoes showed no interest in the objects at all.      “What was quite striking and quite surprising is that the mosquito

23、es fly back and forth for hours. These are hungry females and they completely ignore the objects on the floor and wall of the tunnel. But the moment they get a hit of CO2，they change their behavior quite obviously and now would become attracted to these little visual blobs (斑點(diǎn)）.” This suggested to t

24、he researchers that a mosquitos sense of smell is more important in the search for food. Once mosquitoes catch a smell of a human  or animal，they also follow  visual signals.【小題1】What do mosquitoes mainly use to find their targets? ASense of smell.BSense of touch.CSense of sight.DSmart bra

25、ins.【小題2】The first response of the mosquitoes to the objects in the experiment is     . Ato fly to the dark onesBto catch and stick to themCto take no notice of themDto attach themselves to them【小題3】How can we avoid being attacked by mosquitoes according to the text ? ADont

26、let them see us.BUse dark objects to stop them.CMake them fly back and forth for hours.DAttract them to objects full of carbon dioxide gas.【小題4】What can be the best title for the text? AHow Do Mosquitoes Survive?BWhy Do Mosquitoes Need Blood?CHow Do Mosquitoes Choose to Bite You?DWhy Do Mosquitoes A

27、ttack the Human Being?4、The way we cook is important. In many countries, the two sources of heat used for cooking are natural gas or electric stoves. The World Health Organization(WHO) warns that millions of people are dying every year from indoor air pollution. The WHO finds that poor cooking, heat

28、ing and lighting technologies are killing millions of people each year. Indoor air pollution results from the use of dangerous fuels and cook stoves in the home. WHO officials say nearly three billion people are unable to use clean fuels and technologies for cooking, heating and lighting. And they s

29、ay more than seven million people die from exposure to indoor or outdoor air pollution each year. Of that number, the WHO says about 4.3 million people die from household air pollution given off  by simple biomass(生物燃料）and coal stoves. These findings show that the home use of poisonous fuels is

30、 to blame for many of these deaths. These fuels include wood, coal, animal waste and so on. Carlos Dora is Coordinator in the WHO s Department of Public Health, Environmental and Social Determinants of Health. He says people should not use unprocessed coal and kerosene(煤油）fuel indoors. He says openi

31、ng a window or door to let out the harmful air will not correct the situation. It will only pollute the outdoors. “New technologies and clean fuels can rid people of this problem.” The United Nations found that more than 95 percent of families in sub-Saharan Africa depend on solid fuels for cooking.

32、 It says huge populations in India, China and Latin American countries, such as Guatemala and Peru, are also at risk. Nigel Bruce is a professor of Public Health at the University of Liverpool. He says researchers are developing good stoves and other equipment to burn fuels in a more efficient way.“

33、There are already many technologies for clean fuels available now. An effective and reasonably low-cost ethanol(酒精）stove that is made by Dometic (a Sweden-based company)is now being tested out. Another interesting development is electric induction stoves.” In India, you can buy an induction stove fo

34、r about $8. And in Africa you can buy a solar lamp for less than $1.【小題1】How is Paragraph 2 mainly developed? ABy making classifications.BBy listing numbers.CBy following time order.DBy describing a process.【小題2】According to Carlos Dora, what is the best solution to indoor air pollution? APeople sho

35、uld use an effective air cleaner.BPeople should use new technologies and clean fuels.CPeople should open a window or door to let out the harmful air.DPeople should prevent themselves from being exposed to harmful air.【小題3】What can we learn from the passage? AMost of the deaths from indoor pollution

36、are in developing countries.BBurning solid fuels can help limit indoor air pollution .CPeople can buy ethanol stoves made by Dometic in India.DThere are already two technologies for clean fuels available for use.【小題4】Which would be the best title for the passage? AThe way we cook is changing.BCause

37、of indoor air pollution.CThe development of electric stoves.DIndoor air pollution kills millions each year.5、Humans have been keeping animals as pets for tens of thousands of years, but Dr Jean-Loup Rault, an animal scientist at the University of Melbourne in Australia, believes new companions are c

38、oming: robot pets. “Technology is moving very fast,” Rault told ABC News, “The Tamagotchi in the early 1990s was really the first robotic pet, and now Sony and other big companies have improved them a lot.” This may not sit well with pet lovers. After all, who would choose a plastic toy over a lovel

39、y puppy? But Rault argues that the robotic kind has a lot going for it: “You dont have to feed it, you dont have to walk it, it wont make a mess in your house, and you can go on a holiday without feeling guilty.” The technology also benefits those who are allergic to pets, short on space, or fearful

40、 of real animals. Its not clear whether robot pets can replace real ones. But studies do suggest that we can bond with these smart machines. People give their cars names and kids give their toy animals life stories. Its the same with robots. When Sony stopped its repair service for its robot dog Aib

41、o in March 2014, owners in Japan held funerals. As an animal welfare researcher, Rault is concerned about how robotic pets could affect our attitudes towards live animals. “If we become used to a robotic companion that doesnt need food, water or exercises, perhaps it will change how humans care abou

42、t other living beings,” he said. So are dogs and cats a thing of the past, as Rault predicts? For those who grew up with living and breathing pets, the mechanical kind might not do. But for our next generation who are in constant touch with smart technology, a future in which lovely pets neednt have

43、 a heartbeat might not be a far-fetched dream.【小題1】What does the underlined phrase “sit well with” means? Abe refused byBbe beneficial toCmake a difference toDreceive support from【小題2】What are the advantages of robot pets?a. They are plastic and feel smooth.b. Owners neednt worry about them when goi

44、ng out.c. They can help cure allergies（過(guò)敏）.d. They save space and costs. AabBbcCbdDcd【小題3】We can learn from the passage that_. ASony is the first company to produce robot pets Aibo.BPeople can develop strong bond（聯(lián)系、關(guān)系） with their robot pets.CRault thinks robot pets still have a long way to go.DRobo

45、t toys may help people care more about living beings.【小題4】The passage mainly tells us_. Athe advantages of robot toysBthe popularity of robot petsCliving pets are dying outDrobot pets are coming6、The extraordinary Eastgate Building in Harare, Zimbabwes capital city, is said to be the only one in the

46、 world to use the same cooling and heating principles as the termite mound(白蟻堆). Architect Mick Pearce used precisely the same strategy when designing the Eastgate Building, which has no air-conditioning and almost no heating. The buildingthe countrys largest commercial and shopping complexuses less

47、 than 10% of the energy of a conventional building of its size. The Eastgates owners saved $3.5 million on a $36 million building because an air-conditioning equipment didnt have to be imported. The complex is actually two buildings linked by bridges across a shady, glass-roofed atrium(天井) open to t

48、he air. Fans suck fresh air in from the atrium, blow it upstairs through hollow spaces under the floors and from there into each office through baseboard vents(通風(fēng)口). As it rises and warms, it is drawn out via ceiling vents and finally exists through forty-eight brick chimneys.During summers cool nig

49、hts, big fans blow air through the building seven times an hour to cool the empty floors. By day, smaller fans blow two changes of air an hour through the building, to circulate the air which has been in contact with the cool floors. For winter days, there are small heaters in the vents. This is all

50、 possible only because Harare is 1600 feet above sea level, has cloudless skies, little dampness and rapid temperature changesdays as warm as 31 commonly drop to 14 at night. “You couldnt do this in New York, with its hot summers and cold winters,” Pearce said. The engineering firm of Ove Arup &

51、 Partners monitors daily temperatures. It is found that the temperature of the building has generally stayed between 23 and 25, with the exception of the annual hot period just before the summer rains in October and three days in November, when a doorkeeper accidentally switched off the fans at nigh

52、t. And the air is freshfar more so than in air-conditioned buildings, where up to 30% of the air is recycled.【小題1】Why was Eastgate cheaper to be built than a conventional building? AIt was designed in a smaller size.BNo air conditioners were fixed in.CIts heating system was less advanced.DIt used ra

53、ther different building materials.【小題2】What does “it” refer to in Paragraph 3? AHollow space.BBaseboard vent.CFresh air from outside.DHeat in the building.【小題3】Why would a building like Eastgate Not work efficiently in New York? ANew York has less clear skies as Harare.BIts dampness affects the circ

54、ulation of air.CNew York covers a larger area than Harare.DIts temperature changes seasonally rather than daily.【小題4】The data in the last paragraph suggests Eastgates temperature control system_. Aworks better in hot seasonsBcan recycle up to 30% of the airCfunctions well for most of the yearDallows

55、 a wide range of temperatures7、Many gardeners believe that “talking” to their plants helps them grow-it turns out that they may not be crazy after all. According to the scientists from the University of Exeter, plants may keep communicating with each other through a secret “unseen” language. For the

56、ir experiment, the scientists picked a cabbage plant that is known to send out a gas when its surface is cut. In order to get video evidence of the communication, they changed the cabbage gene by adding the protein-luciderase(蟲(chóng)熒光素酶), which is what makes fireflies(螢火蟲(chóng)) glow in the dark. When the chan

57、ged cabbage plant was in full bloom, they cut a leaf off with a pair of scissors, and almost immediately, thanks to the luciderase, they could see the plant sending out “methyl jasmonate(茉莉酸甲酯)”. While this was a known fact, what was surprising was the fact that the minute this gas began to give out

58、, the nearby cabbage plants seemed to sense some kind of danger and started to send out a gas that they normally have to keep predators(捕食者) like caterpillars(毛蟲(chóng)) away. What the scientists are not sure is whether the plants are trying to warn the other leaves or the near plants about the danger-something that will require further research