專題1語法填空與短文改錯第2節(jié)基礎(chǔ)語法第10節(jié)構(gòu)詞法

1、第10節(jié)構(gòu)詞法牢固掌握并熟練運用構(gòu)詞法知識,不僅能夠靈活運用到語法填空對于詞性轉(zhuǎn)換的考查當(dāng) 中,還有助于提升考生對閱讀中的生詞進行辨識的水平.一、派生法1 .名詞見第1節(jié)；形容詞和副詞見第 5節(jié).2 .構(gòu)成動詞的前綴和后綴前/后綴例詞前綴en-abl enable 使能夠 largefenlarge 擴大 rich-enrich 使充實后綴-enbroadfbroaden 使變寬 ripe ripen 使成熟 shar尸sharpen使鋒利 widefwiden 加寬-ifyclass一 classify 把分類just一justify 證實正確simple 一 simplify 簡化-ize

2、apologyfapologize 抱歉3 .表示否認或相反意義的前綴、后綴及例詞前/后綴例詞前綴dis-agrees disagree 不同意advantagefdisadvantage 缺點il-legal fillegal 不合法的logicalfillogical 不合邏輯的im-polite 一impolite 無禮的patient -impatient 不耐煩的in-formal 一 informal 非正式的convenientf inconvenient 不方便的ir-regularfirregular 不規(guī)貝U的responsiblefirresponsible 不負責(zé)任的m

3、is-leadfmislead 誤導(dǎo)understand misunderstand 誤解non-non-smoker不吸煙者non-stop直達的un-usualfunusual 不尋常的willing 一 unwilling 小愿意的后綴-lesshopefhopeless 絕望的end endless沒完沒了的二、合成法和轉(zhuǎn)化法1 .合成法合成詞是由兩個或兩個以上的詞合成一個新詞的構(gòu)詞方式有的合成詞寫在一起,有的中間需加連字符,有的是分開寫的兩個.合成詞的詞義可以根據(jù)各個組成局部的意思加以推斷.構(gòu)成合成詞的幾個詞可以是詞性相同的詞也可以是詞性不同的詞.高中階段常見的合成形式有：合成名詞n

4、otebook 筆記本；classroom 教室；blackboard 黑板；teamwork 協(xié)作；second language第二語百合成形容詞lifelong 畢生的；second-hand 二手的； man-made 人工的； widespread 廣泛的合成動詞underline 圓底線標出；whitewash 掩飾,把 刷白；broadcast 播送；download下載2 .轉(zhuǎn)化法不增加任何成分,不改變詞形,把一個單詞由一種詞性轉(zhuǎn)化為另外一種詞性的構(gòu)詞法叫轉(zhuǎn)化法.常見的轉(zhuǎn)化形式有：名詞一動詞button紐扣fbutton扣上紐扣形容詞一動詞correct正確的一 correct

5、改正動詞一名詞feed喂養(yǎng)一 feed 一餐；一頓形容詞一名詞native本地的一 native本地人副詞一動詞up在上面一 up提升1 .單句語法填空1. To avoid knee pain, you can run on soft surfaces, do exercises to (strength) your leg muscles(肌肉),avoid hills and get good running shoes.(2022 全國 I )答案 strengthen解析 此處表示做運動的目的,再根據(jù)后面的賓語“your leg muscles判斷此處應(yīng)該用及物動詞 strength

6、erio2. Most pubs have no waitersyou have to go to the bar( 口巴臺)to buy drinks.This may sound (convenient), but English people are used to doing so.答案 inconvenient解析 這里指的是沒有效勞生為顧客效勞是不方便的,所以在系動詞sound后,用convenient的反義詞形式.3. Thirdly , there are some reference books with many mistakes , which might (lead)

7、students.答案 mislead解析 根據(jù)語境中的“with many mistakes可知,這些錯誤百出的參考書有可能誤導(dǎo)學(xué)生,故用lead的反義詞,且位于情態(tài)動詞 might后,要用動詞原形,故填 mislead.4. Not knowing how to operate the computer is one of the (advantage) in finding jobs. 答案 disadvantages解析根據(jù)語境“不知道如何操作電腦在找工作時是不利條件之一可知,此處應(yīng)填disadvantages5. The rich man was (will) to offer an

8、y help , which greatly upset all the people present. 答案 unwilling解析 空格在be動詞后,故用形容詞形式.根據(jù)句意“這位富人不愿意提供任何幫助,這使在場的人非常失望.可判斷填unwilling .n .語法填空(2022山東泰安(Wj二期末)An American girl 6.(bear) in China is helping promote ethnic(民族的)minority culture during her one-work rotating(輪流)duty as a “mayor" in a touri

9、st town in Southwest China' s Guizhou province.Accompanied by a splendid song played on lusheng,7. old Chinese musical instrument, American Jong May danced 8. (wonderful) with other members of the Miao people, a minority in China.The dance, called Jinji Dance , is a Chinese 9.(tradition) folk da

10、nce originating from Danzhai county in Guizhou , an autonomous region 10. the ethnic Miao and Dong people live.After the performance , the audience 11.(clap) heartily and members asked , one after another, “ Mayor , can I take a photo with you ?Jong May , who speaks fluent Mandarin , replied 12. Chi

11、nese, “Certainly!Jong May,23,13.(appoint) the 16th "mayor" of Wanda town in Danzhai county after winning a worldwide campaign to recruit( 招聘)on-duty “ mayors“ for the small town.14. (start) from June , each “mayor" should serve for a one-week term to spread local culture and support t

12、he town ' s 15.(develop).語篇解讀從6月份開始,貴州省為局部旅游景點招聘“市長,以傳播中國的傳統(tǒng)文化.文章向我們介紹了一位生在中國的美國女孩競聘此崗位后的工作情況.6 .答案 born解析 考查非謂語動詞.提示詞為動詞,該句中已有謂語動詞(is helping),所以用born,相當(dāng)于 who was born.7 .答案 an解析 考查冠詞.lusheng(蘆笙)是中國的一種傳統(tǒng)樂器(musical instrument),表泛指,要用不定冠詞,且空后的01d為元音音素開關(guān)的單詞,故用an.8 .答案 wonderfully解析考查副詞.修飾謂語動詞dance

13、d作狀語,用副詞形式.9 .答案 traditional解析考查形容詞.修飾名詞dance作定語,用形容詞形式.句意為：這種舞蹈叫錦雞舞,起源于貴州省的丹寨自治州,苗族和侗族人民生活在那里.10 .答案 where解析考查定語從句中關(guān)系副詞的用法.代替表示地點的先行詞“autonomous region自治區(qū),并且在從句中作地點狀語.11 .答案 clapped解析考查動詞的時態(tài).由下面的 and可知,該詞和下文的"asked為并列的謂語動詞,所以用過去式.12 .答案in解析考查介詞.in Chinese意為“用漢語.句意為：普通話說得很流利的Jong May用漢語答復(fù)說：“當(dāng)然可

14、以.13 . 答案 was appointed解析考查動詞的時態(tài)和語態(tài).主語為"Jong May",與appoint為動賓關(guān)系,即她被任命為市長,且動作發(fā)生在過去,故用 was appointed o14 .答案 Starting解析考查非謂語動詞.句中已經(jīng)有謂語動詞"should serve,所給動詞“start的邏輯主語就是句子的主語 each “mayor",所以用現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語,表主動.15 . 答案 development解析考查名詞.前有所有格“the town' s作定語,所以用名詞形式.m .短文改錯2022黑龍江齊齊哈爾二模Th

15、e person that we should learn needn' t be rich or famous.It can be a person we live with.For I , it' s my father.I still remembered the days when I was a child.Although he had plenty of works to do , he still stayed with me but played games with me.With time gone by , I' m in Senior 3 no

16、w.It is I who has no time to stay with him now! However , he is still behind me and tries his best to make it a better life for our family.What selfless he is! I am very gratefully to him.He isnot only my father , but also a hero living with me!答案AThe person that we should learn fr0m needn' t be

17、 rich or famous.It can be a person we liveIrememberedwith.F0r 靛," s my father.I still remember the days when I was a chi1dAithough he hadworksbutgoneplenty of work to do, he still stayed with me anj played games with me.With time gong by,hasIm in Senior 3 now.1t is I who 麻 no time to stay with

18、him now! However , he is still behind,Whatgratefullyme and tries his best to make it a better life for our family. How selfless he is! I am very gratefulto him.He is not only my father , but also a hero living with me!專題強化練十二I .語法填空This summer, eight pupils travelled to China to participate in the C

19、hinese Bridge Summer Immersion(深入)Course at Tianjin Foreign Studies University.From the 10th 27th July, my classmates and I had a fantastic experience during which we spent 17 days 1. (become) truly immersed in the Chinese culture.One important aspect of our journey was daily 2.(visit) to Tianjin Fo

20、reign Studies UniversityEach day we took part in a Mandarin(普通話)course3. welearned useful vocabulary to help us throughout our tripsilWo had the opportunity to have 4. taste of different Chinese cultural activities like Beijing Opera mask painting , paper cutting and many more exciting activities.Th

21、ese allowed us to have a much 5. (deep) understanding of the culture of China and the traditions of the country.6. the end of our time in the city of Tianjin before moving on to Beijing , we all took part in a Mandarin test for which we 7. (prepare) throughout our time spent in the university.Despit

22、e our worries about having to sit a test during our summer holiday , we all succeeded and went on 8.(enjoy) our last week in the city of Beijing before returning to Scotland.I can say 9. (honest) that our journey to China is an unforgettable experience that 10.(remember) and looked back on fondly by

23、 all of us.語篇解讀本文為記敘文.作者與七名同學(xué)利用暑假來中國體驗中國文化.1 .答案 becoming解析 考查非謂語動詞.spend time (in) doing sth.是固定搭配,意為“花費時間做某事.2 .答案 visits解析 考查名詞的數(shù).visit是可數(shù)名詞,空前沒有限定詞,故用其復(fù)數(shù)形式.3 .答案 where解析 考查定語從句.分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,此處為定語從句,先行詞為a Mandarin course(抽 象的地點名詞,空處在從句中作地點狀語,故用 where引導(dǎo)該定語從句.4 .答案 a解析 考查冠詞.have a taste of.體驗,固定用法,故填不定

24、冠詞a.5 .答案 deeper解析 考查形容詞比擬級.這些活動讓我們對中國文化和傳統(tǒng)有了更深的理解.根據(jù)語境和much可知,此處要用 deep的比擬級.6 .答案 At解析 考查介詞.at the end of."在結(jié)束時"為固定搭配,故填介詞At.7 . 答案 had prepared/had been preparing解析 考查時態(tài).此處是在表達過去發(fā)生的事,因此此處應(yīng)用過去時態(tài)；由語境及該句中的“we all took part in a Mandarin test 可知,可使用過去完成時表示在“參加普通話測試之前已完成的動作,也可用過去完成進行時表示動作從過去某

25、時開始,一直延續(xù)到另一個過去時刻,該動作剛剛結(jié)束,或可能還在繼續(xù).8 .答案 to enjoy解析 考查非謂語動詞.此處指作者他們考完普通話后,繼續(xù)享受在北京的最后一周的假期,應(yīng)使用go on to do sth."繼續(xù)做另外一件事 ,故填to enjoy.注意：不可填enjoying ,因go ondoing sth.表示“繼續(xù)做同一件事.9 .答案 honestly解析 考查副詞.修飾動詞用副詞,故填 honestly o10 . 答案 will be remembered解析 考查時態(tài)和語態(tài).分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,experience后的that引導(dǎo)定語從句,that指代an un

26、forgettable experience,且與動詞 remember是被動關(guān)系,故用被動語態(tài)；再結(jié)合前面的is和語境可知,此處指中國之行將被我們所有人記住并深情回味,故用一般將來時,表示將來的動作.A group of students ranging from Years 9 to 13 are benefiting from a schedule which is run by the Confucius Institute(孑L子學(xué)院)at Newcastle University , which aims 11.(build) closer academic, cultural a

27、nd social ties between China and the North East of England.Staff at the institute work 12. (patient) with schools and the other day the pupils took part in weekly after-school sessions with teacher Qiang Xingdi 13. gave them an introduction to the Chinese language and culture.Already the pupils 14.

28、(award) certificates of achievement from the institute.They are making rapid progress in learning Chinese now.Adam said , “I have always had an interest 15. Chinese culture and this course has been a great way to teach me all about it.Confucius Institutes are worldwide non-profit public institutions

29、 16. (design) by the Chinese government to promote its language and culture through teaching 17. (plan) and cultural exchanges.The Confucius Institute at the university was set up in 2022 , and it is 18 first one in the North East.Student Voice 19.(say) last week. "Many thanks to the Confucius

30、Institute at Newcastle University for helping to arrange such a memorable experience for the students and Qiang Xingdi for her weekly enthusiasm which has certainly made a significant 20(impress) on them.語篇解讀本文是一篇說明文.介紹英國紐卡斯爾大學(xué)孔子學(xué)院課程開設(shè)以及學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)漢語 及中國文化的現(xiàn)狀.11 .答案 to build解析考查非謂語動詞.aim to do sth.表示“打算做某事

31、.12 .答案 patiently解析考查副詞.根據(jù)語境可知,此處應(yīng)使用副詞修飾動詞.patiently耐心地.13 .答案 who/that解析考查定語從句. 分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,空處引導(dǎo)定語從句,先行詞teacher Qiang Xingdi,表示人,且定語從句缺主語,故用 who或that.14 . 答案 have been awarded解析考查時態(tài)和語態(tài).根據(jù) Already可知此處用現(xiàn)在完成時,又因動詞 award與the pupils為被動關(guān)系,表示學(xué)生被授予證書,故用現(xiàn)在完成時的被動語態(tài).15 .答案in解析考查介詞.have an interest in對感興趣,是固定搭配.1

32、6 .答案 designed解析考查非謂語動詞.本句中已有謂語動詞 are,故空處應(yīng)為非謂語動詞,又因 design與其邏輯主語為動賓關(guān)系,故應(yīng)填過去分詞designedo17 .答案 plans解析考查名詞的數(shù).根據(jù)空后的并列名詞短語"cultural exchanges可知此處應(yīng)填名詞,plan是可數(shù)名詞,其前沒有限定詞,故應(yīng)用 plan的復(fù)數(shù)形式.18 .答案 the解析考查冠詞.序數(shù)詞常與定冠詞the搭配使用,表示順序,故本空填the.19 .答案 said解析 考查時態(tài).根據(jù)時間狀語"last week可知,此空應(yīng)填 said.20 .答案 impression解

33、析考查名詞.根據(jù)空前的“a significant"可知,空處應(yīng)用所給詞的名詞形式,且用單數(shù).n .短文改錯2022安徽皖北協(xié)作區(qū)聯(lián)考Reading is good for babies in developing their intelligence and interest.Mom would read to meif I was a baby, that developed my love for reading.As I grew elder and could read by myself , my father often takes me to bookstores a

34、nd left me there reading.On my birthdays, the gifts sending by my parents are always books.It is them who let me know benefits of reading.Personally , I feel strong that reading does us lots of goods.It can broaden our horizons and make us more intelligent.Additionally , it is helpful in our learnin

35、g , especially in writing about good compositions.So let' s start reading now.答案Reading is good for babies in developing their intelligence and interest.Mom would read to meifwhenI was a baby ,A或and whichdeveloped my love for reading.As I grewelderT；- and could read oldertakesby myself, my fathe

36、r often ：00k me to bookstores and left me there reading.On my birthdays , the giftssendingthemsent by my parents are always books.It isjhey who let meAstrongPersonal1y , I feel stronglyknow the benefits of reading.goodsthat reading does us lots of g00d .It can broaden our horizons andmake us more in

37、telligent.Additionally , it is helpful in our learning, especially in writing good compositions.So let' s start reading now.m .閱讀理解2022安徽六校教育研究會第二次聯(lián)考A seaside Long Island village on Saturday honored the memory of a girl whose message in a bottle was found after Superstorm Sandy , discovered by c

38、leanup workers a dozen years after she threw it into the ocean.A plate was placed on a rock near the bridge , where the bottle was discovered in December.It reads： Be excellent to yourself dude朋友,“ the same message inside the bottle.The note, a line from the 1989 Keanu Reeves ' s movie Bill &

39、; Ted' s Excellent Adventure, was written by Sidonie Fery and threw into the ocean inside a bottle.She died in 2022 at the age of 18 in a fall from a cliff(懸崖)in Switzerland.The bottle only traveled a mile or two westward from where it was likely deposited to the location where cleanup workers f

40、ound it.It was intermingled with broken clothes, boating equipment and a range of sea trash.But because the note included the girl ' s New York City phone number, what otherwise would have been a worthless piece of trash became a priceless souvenir.Workers in Patchogue , about 60 miles (100 kilo

41、meters) east of Manhattan , called the number and returned the bottle to her mother, Mimi Fery.Fery said she sobbed when she heard workers had found the bottle and was grateful to them. "It' s unbelievable, " she said Saturday of the ceremony. "The town is amazing, my daughter was

42、 a lovely and lively person and very fun , she would do fun things.She always brought joy to everybody no matter how she felt.The plate also reads： I learned that even though someone is very small they may have a big heart“ and bears a photo of a smiling , young Sidonie along with the date the bottl

43、e was found ： Dec.6,2022.語篇解讀這是一篇記敘文.一個海邊小村在周六的時候舉行活動紀念一個女孩.這個女孩數(shù)年前將一個裝有個人信息的瓶子扔到大海里,數(shù)年后,這個瓶子被清理工人發(fā)現(xiàn).但是,女孩已經(jīng)去世,清理工人將瓶子歸還給她的母親.21 . The passage is mainly written to .A . tell us how to write a noteB . inform us of some useful tipsC. share with us a moving storyD. introduce the bottle message 答案 C解析 寫

44、作意圖題.一個海邊小村在周六的時候舉行活動紀念一個女孩.這個女孩數(shù)年前將一個裝有個人信息的瓶子扔到大海里,數(shù)年后,這個瓶子被清理工人發(fā)現(xiàn).但是,女孩已經(jīng) 去世,清理工人將瓶子歸還給她的母親.文章詳細介紹了事情的來龍去脈.故這篇文章的寫作目的就是告訴讀者這個感人的故事.故C選項正確.22 . The underlined word “intermingled" in Paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to ". A . crowdedB . mixed upC. filled up答案 BD. secured解析 詞義猜想題.由第三段內(nèi)容和第

45、四段第一句"But because the note included the girl ' sNew York City phone number , what otherwise would have been a worthless piece of trash becamea priceless souvenir.可知,這個瓶子當(dāng)初被扔下去之后,只向西漂流了一二英里,幸虧瓶子里有這個女孩的 號,否那么它就會被當(dāng)成一件沒有價值的垃圾了,由此可知,這個瓶子被發(fā)現(xiàn)時,和其他東西混雜在一起.故該劃線單詞意為“混合.故B項正確.23 . Which is the correct

46、 order of the events mentioned in the passage?a Sidonie fell from a cliff and died.b Sidonie wrote a line and threw it into the ocean in a bottle.c. Keanu' s movie Bill & Ted' sExcellent Adventure came out.d A plate was placed to honor the memory of Sidonie.e Cleanup workers found the bo

47、ttle and called Fery.A. cb一a一e一dB . c一 b一e一a一dC. c a b d eD . c a b e d答案 A解析細節(jié)理解題.由第一至第四段的描述可知,事情的開展順序應(yīng)該是：1989年電影Bill &Ted' s Excellent Adventure問世.Sidonie將這部電影里的一句臺詞寫在紙上,放到瓶子里,然后把瓶子扔到了海洋里.2022年,Sidonie墜崖而死.清理工人發(fā)現(xiàn)了這個瓶子,給Sidonie的母親Fery打 ,將瓶子歸還給她.一個牌子被樹立起來以紀念Sidonie.故A項正確.24 . Which of the fo

48、llowing can best describe Sidonie?A Helpful and optimistic.B Small but promising.C Lovely but pitiful.D Smart and beautiful.答案 A解析 推理判斷題.由倒數(shù)第二段中的“my daughter was a lovely and lively person and veryfun , she would do fun things.She always brought joy to everybody no matter how she felt.“ 可知,Sidonie非常

49、可愛,非?；顫?經(jīng)常做一些有趣的事.她總是給別人帶去快樂.由此可知,她應(yīng)該是一個比擬樂觀、愿意幫助別人、給別人帶去快樂的人.故 A項正確.W .完形填空2022江西贛州一模Jackson lived on top of the hill.From his hou sdne could see the sea and the villagd25 .One day, the villagers 26 something different about the sea.The sea seemed to be moving from the 27 .None of the villagers kne

50、w what was happening.Jackson understood what was going on.He had seen such an 28 when he was young.A tsunami海嘯was approaching and the villagers had to be 29 、 but there was no time to send a message to the whole village."Tom! " he 30 to his grandson. " 31 a torch quickly ! The boy did

51、 what he was told.Jackson took the torch and set his 32 on fire.Immediately , red 33 shot upwards and thick smoke rose into the sky.Tom cried out , a Grandfather! Why are you setting our house on fire ? Jackson did not answer. 34 , he stood quietly and watched the villagers.Suddenly , some villagers

52、 noticed the 35 and shouted at everyone to run up the hill to help put out the fire.When Jackson saw everyone running towards him , he was so 36 .The villagers did their best but they 37 to control the fire.Jackson' s house was completely burned down but he stood on the hill 38.They thought Jack

53、son had gone 39 .They stared at him in disbelief.Finally, Jackson said " 40 towards the sea'. The villagers turned and saw a huge 41 of water rushing towards the village.They were shocked to see the water 42 the whole village and destroying everything in its 43 .Nothing was left of their ho

54、mes 44 everyone was safe on the hill.The villagers realized why Jackson had set fire to his house.語篇解讀本文為記敘文.主要講述了杰克遜住在山頂,從他的房子里,可以看到大海和下面的村莊.一天,他看到海嘯要來了,但是又來不及通知村民們,于是他急中生智,點燃了 自己的房子,村民們都來幫助滅火,躲過了海嘯的故事.25 . A.aboveB . throughC. belowD . off答案 C解析 由“Jackson lived on top of the hill."可知,從他的房子里,他

55、可以看到大海和下面的 村莊.above在上面；through通過；below在下面；off離開.26 . A.recognizedB . noticedC. overlookedD . expected答案 B解析 一天,村民們注意到大海有些不同.recognize意識到；notice注意到；overlook無視；expect 盼望.27 . A.landB . hillC. shoreD . village答案 A解析 大海好似遠離了陸地.land陸地,地面；hill小山；shore海濱；village村莊.28 . A.sightB . chanceC alarmD plot答案 A解析 他年輕時,見過這樣的景象.sight景象；chance時機；alarm警告；plot情節(jié).29 . A.foundB . persuadedC taughtD warned答案 D解析 海嘯接近,村民們需要被提醒.巾nd找到；persuade說服；teach教；warn提醒,警告.30 . A.rushed outB . figured outC called