高考英語核心動(dòng)詞歸類

1、高考英語核心動(dòng)詞歸類動(dòng)詞是英語中最活躍的詞類，是句子的核心成分。此外，英語動(dòng)詞的變化較多，形式頗為復(fù)雜，是英語學(xué)習(xí)的難點(diǎn)之一。歷屆高考英語試題常把動(dòng)詞作為測試的重點(diǎn)， 在單項(xiàng)填空題中所占比例在50%以上。筆者通過對近十年來的高考英語試題進(jìn)行分析，歸納常考動(dòng)詞十五類，供大家參考。一、連系動(dòng)詞類連系動(dòng)詞按其所表示的意義可分為以下四種：1變化類 表事物發(fā)展變化的過程，如become，go，turn，grow，get，fall等。2感覺類 表人體部位的感受，如feel，smell，taste，look，sound等。3狀態(tài)類 表事物所處的狀態(tài)，如keep，come，run，remain，stand，l

2、ie，stay，prove等。4外表特征類 表外表給人的印象，如appear，seem，look等。連系動(dòng)詞的作用是后接形容詞或相當(dāng)于形容詞的結(jié)構(gòu)作表語。除了少數(shù)幾個(gè)(如feel，get，become，grow等)外，不用于進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)和被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)。例如：The mixture is tasted terrible. (誤)The mixture tastes terrible (正)Jim pretended to be falling asleep when his mother came in. (誤)Jim pretended to fall/be sleep when his mother

3、 came in. (正)I'm feeling much better than ever before.It was getting darker and darker. Besides, a cold rain began to fall.【高考例題】(1)NMET1994Do you like the material?Yes, it _ very soft.A.is feelingB.feltC.feelsD.is felt(2) NMET2003Why dont you put the meat in the fridge?It will _ fresh for sever

4、al days.A.be stayedB.stayC.be stayingD.have stayed(3) 2004春上海The pilot asked all the passengers on board to remain _ as the plane was making a landing.A.seat B.seatingC.seatedD.to be seating(4) 2002北京Be careful when you cross this very busy street. If not, you may _ run over by a car.A.have B.get C.

5、become D.passed(5)2004天津Happy birthday, Alice. So you have _ twenty-one already.A.become B.turnedC.grownD.passed (6)2004全國Sarah, hurry up. Im afraid you can't have time to _ before the party.A.get changedB.get changeC.get changingD.get to change(7)2004湖北O(jiān)n hearing the news of the accident in the

6、 coal mine, she _ pale.A.gotB.changedC.wentD.appeared(8)2004上海The flowers _ sweet in the botanic garden attract the visitors to the beauty of nature.A.to smell B.smelling C.smelt D.to be smelt(9) 2002春上海Although he has taken a lot of medicine, his health _ poor.A.proves B.remains C.maintains D.conti

7、nues(10)I love to go to the seaside in summer. It _ good to lie in the sun or swim in the cool sea.A.doesB.feelsC.getsD.makes(11) 2005浙江Owe! I've burned myself!How did you do that?I _ a hot pot.A.touchedB.keptC.feltD.heldKey:CBCBB ACBBBA二、感官動(dòng)詞類?？嫉母泄賱?dòng)詞有see，watch，notice，observe，hear，feel，find，catc

8、h等。感官動(dòng)詞的主要作用是后接非謂語動(dòng)詞的不同形式作賓語補(bǔ)足語，表達(dá)不同的含義。1.后接不帶to的不定式表示一個(gè)發(fā)生過或者還沒發(fā)生具體的動(dòng)作。I often heard the song sung，but I have never heard you sing itWhen you go to watch the football watch，you will enjoy seeing the Chinese football team win2.后接v.-ing形式表正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。Seeing the sun rising above the surface of the sea，we l

9、et ont a shout of joy.Hearing this，I felt my heart beating fast3.后接v.-ed形式表被動(dòng)意義。 After his return twenty years later, he found his hometown greatly changed.Although I had learnt some English, I had never heard a word of it spoken.【高考例題】(1)NMET2000The managers discussed the plan that they would like

10、to see _ the next year.A.carry outB.carrying outC.carried outD.to carry out(2)NMET2003A cook will be immediately fired if he is found _ in the kitchen.A.smokeB.smokingC.to smokeD.smoked(3)The missing boys were last seen _ near the river.A.playingB.to be playingC.playD.to play(4)NMET1993The salesman

11、scolded the girl who was caught _ and let her off.A.to have stolenB.to be stealingC.to steal D.stealing(5) 2004春北京He looked around and caught a man _ his hand into the pocket of a passenger.A.put B.to be puttingC.to put D.puttingKey: CBADD三、使役動(dòng)詞類表“致使”意義的動(dòng)詞稱之為使役動(dòng)詞，如make，let，have，keep，leave，set，send等。

12、使役動(dòng)詞的作用是后接非謂語動(dòng)詞的不同形式作賓語補(bǔ)足語，表達(dá)不同的含義。分以下三種情況。1.make，let have等后接不帶to的不定式，表“使讓某人某物做某事”。Don't make him do it if he doesn't want toIf you have any problems，just let me know在被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)中不定式須帶to，但是have不用于被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)中。He was made to apologize to the guest2.have，keep，leave，send，set，get等后接v.-ing形式，表持續(xù)性動(dòng)作。I'm sor

13、ry to keep you waiting for so long.Why do you have him worrying about his lessons?3.have，keep，leave等后接v-ed形式，表被動(dòng)含義。He didn't keep on asking me the time until he had had his watch repairedIll keep you informed as soon as I have the news【高考例題】(1)2004天津Don't leave the water _ while you brush yo

14、ur teethA.runB.runnig C.being runD.to run(2) 2004重慶Laws that punish parents for their children's actions against the laws get parents A.worried B.to worry C.worryingD.worry (3)2003春安徽Why did you go back to the shop?I left my friend _ there . A.waiting B.to wait C.wait D.waits (4)NMET1991It was s

15、o cold that they kept the fire _ all night. A.to burnB.burnC.burningD.burned (5)NMET1989Good morning, can I help you? I'd like to have this package _, madam.A.be weighedB.weighingC.weighedD.to weigh (6)NMET1991The speaker raised his voice but still couldn't make himself.A.hearB.to hearC.hear

16、ingD.heard(7)1994上海As you have never been there hefore, I'll have someone _ you the way.A.showB.to showC.showing D.showed(8)NMET1995Paul doesn't have to be made _. He always works hard.A.learnB.to learnC.learnedD.learning(9)1999上海A computer can do only what thinking people _. A.have it doB.h

17、ave it done C.have done itD.having it done(10)1998上海Mrs. Brown was much disappointed to see the washing machine she had had _ went wrong.A.it B.it repairedC.repaired D.to be repaired(11)2005福建If anyone happens to drop in while I'm out,_ him or her leave a messase.A.haveB.getC.askD.tellKey:BCACC

18、DABACA四、含情感色彩的動(dòng)詞這類動(dòng)詞有excite，inspire，encourage，interest，satisfy，delight，please，move，frighten，surprise，amaze，astonish，shock，worry，astonish，disappoint，discourage，exhaust，puzzle，tire，terrify等。情感動(dòng)詞后接指人的名詞或代詞作賓語，有v.-ing和v.-ed兩種形式，在句中作賓語和表語，v.-ing形式指人，v.-ed形式則指事物。The story was so moving that everyone prese

19、nt was movedto tears. What disappointing result! We were all disappointed with it.Climbing a hill was tiring and we were tired when we reached the summit.高考例題(l)2000春北京Nick is looking for another job because he feels that nothing he does _ his boss.A.servesB.satisfiesC.promisesD.supports(2)2002春NMET

20、l'm very _ vith my own cooking. It looks nice smells delicious.Mm,it does have a _ smell.A.pleasant; pleasedB.pleased; pleasedC.pleasant; pleasantD.pleased; pleasant(3) 2003春北京Mr. Smith, _ of the _ speech, started to read a novel.A.tired; boringB.tiring; boredC.tired; bored D.tiring; boring(4)20

21、03上海It is believed that if a book is _, it will surely _ the reader.A.interested; interest B.interesting; be interestedC.interested; be interesting D.interesting; interest (5)2004春上海After his journey from abroad, Richard Jones returned home _.A.being exhausted B.exhaustedC.exhausting D.having exhaus

22、tedKey: BDADB五、后接不定式動(dòng)詞類afford, agree, choose, determine, expect, decide, learn,offer, mange, hope, want, wish, promise, refuse, fail, pretend, happen 等動(dòng)詞，后跟不定式作賓語。Thank you for offering to help,but I can manage myself.He learned to ride a bieycle when he was a small boy.(1)NMET1995We agreed _ here b

23、ut so far she hasn't turned up yet.A.having met B.meetingC.to meet D.to have met(2)NMET1992Little Jim should love _ to the theatre this evening.A.to be takenB.to takeC.being taken D.taking(3)2004遼寧I don't know whether you happen _, but I'm going to study in the U. S. A. this September.A.

24、to be heard B.to be hearingC.to hear D.to have heard(4)NMET1989She pretended _ me when I passed by.A.not to see B.not seeingC.to not see D.having not seen(5)2001上海Do let your mother know all the truth. She appears _ everything.A.to tell B.to be toldC.to be telling D.to have been told(6)2005天津I don&#

25、39;t want _ like I'm speaking ill of anybody. but the manager's plan is unfair.A.to soundB.to be soundedC.soundingD.to have soundedKey: CADADA六、后邊v.-ing形式動(dòng)詞類該類動(dòng)詞?？嫉挠衋ppreciate, avoid, bear, consider, dislike, delay, enjoy, escape, finish, hate, imagine, keep, mind, miss, practise, postphone,

26、 resist, risk, stand, suggest等。這些動(dòng)詞須接v.-ing形式作賓語。例如：I don't mind wailing, but I've got to stand in the cold wind.Have you considered making some necessary changes to your plan?Only by practising speaking English every, day can you expect to improve your spoken English.【高考例題】(1) I would appre

27、ciate _ back this afternoon.A.you to call B.you callC.your calling D.you're calling(2)1996上海While shopping, people sometimes can't help _ into buying something they don't really need.A.to persuade B.persuadingC.being persuaded D.be persuaded(3)1992上海He has always insisted on his _ Dr. tu

28、rner instead of Mr. Turner.A.been calledB.calledC.being called D.having called(4)2004上海I really appreciate _ to relax with you on this nice island.A.to have had timeB.having timeC.to have time D.to having time(5)1994上海Do you mind _ alone at home?A.Jane leaving B.Jane having leftC.Jane's being le

29、ft D.Jane to be left(6)NMET1991I can hardly imagine Peter _ across the Atlantic Ocean in five days.A.sailB.to sailC.sailing D.to have sailedKey: CBCBCC七、后接不定式與v.-ing形式意義不同動(dòng)詞類remember，try，regret，mean forget，stop，go on，can't help等后接不定式與v.-ing形式作賓語，表達(dá)含義不同。見下表：動(dòng)詞接動(dòng)名詞作賓語接不定式作賓語remember過去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作將來的動(dòng)作try

30、嘗試做某事努力做某事regret對做過的事表示后悔對要做的事表示遺憾mean意味著做某事企圖（打算）做某事can't help禁不住做某事不能幫助做某事go on繼續(xù)做未完成的事情做完一件事后，接著做另一件事forget忘記以前曾做過某事忘記做某事stop中斷正在做的事情中斷正在做的事，去做別的事例如：I remember being pad，but I've forgotten the exactamountPlease remember to send me a photo of your son the next time you write to me.I don

31、9;t really mean to work here，which means leaving the job soon afterwards.【高考例題】（1）NMET1991The light in the office is still on.Oh，I forgot _.A. turning it offB. turn it offC. to turn it offD. having turned it off （2）NMET1995You were brave enough to raise objections at the meeting.Well，now I regret_th

32、at.A. to doB. to be doingC. to have doneD. having done（3）1997上海She can't helpthe house because she's busy making a cakeA. to cleanB. cleaningC. cleanedD. being cleaned（4）NMET1992I usually go there by train.Why not_by boat for a change？A. to try goingB. trying to goC.to try and goD. try going

33、 （5）1999上海Let me tell you something about the journalists.Don't you remember_me the story yesterday?A. told B. telling Cto tellDto have told（6）NMET1992The library needs_，but I'll have to wait until Sunday.A.cleaningB. be cleanedC. being cleanedD. clean （7）2002春上海In some parts of London，missi

34、ng a bus means for another hour.A. waitingB.to wait C.waitD.to be waiting （8）NMET1990She reached the top of the hill and stopped_on a big rock by the side of the path.A. resting B. to have restedC. rested D. to rest （9）NMET1989Go on_the other exercise after you have finished this one.A. to doB. doin

35、gC. withD. to be doing Key：BDADBAADA八、進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)表將來意義動(dòng)詞類這類動(dòng)詞一般為表位置移動(dòng)或方向性動(dòng)詞，如go,come，start，arrive，take，leave，move等。例如：When are you going off to for Shanghai？Mary as well as her parents is leaving for California next month.【高考例題】（1）2001春NMETI've won a holiday for two to Florida. I_my mum.A. am takingB.

36、have takenC. takeD. will have taken（2）1989上海What were you doing when he came to see you？I had just put on my overcoat and_visit a friend.A.leavingB.was left C.left D. was leaving（3）2004天津What were you doing when Tony phoned you？I had just finished my work and _to take a shower. A. had started B.star

37、tedC. have started D. was starting Key：ADD九、主動(dòng)表被動(dòng)動(dòng)詞類英語中有些動(dòng)詞可用其主動(dòng)形式表達(dá)被動(dòng)含義，可分為以下三種情況：1某些實(shí)義動(dòng)詞的主動(dòng)形式后跟副詞表示被動(dòng)意義，這類動(dòng)詞有sell，wash，write，last，read，wear等。這種“動(dòng)詞副詞”結(jié)構(gòu)，常表示事物內(nèi)部特有的屬性。This kind of cloth washes well and lasts long.The pen my father gave me as a birthday gift writes smoothly.Written in simple English，

38、this article reads easily.2.某些及物動(dòng)詞轉(zhuǎn)為不及物動(dòng)詞后，其主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義，如open(打開，營業(yè))，close(關(guān)門），shut(關(guān)閉），cut（切割），weigh（重），act（上演）等。The door won't shut.This shop opens much earlier than it used to.Each stone weighs 2 tons.3.某些不及物動(dòng)詞，如happen, occur, cost以及短語，如come out（出版）,come up（出現(xiàn)）come into being（產(chǎn)生）come to one

39、9;s mind（想起），turn out（證明是），come about(發(fā)生）,break out（爆發(fā)），belong to（屬于）等，本身表被動(dòng)含義，所以它們常用主動(dòng)形式。The first textbooks written for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 18th century.Suddenly an idea came to his mind.It never occurred to me to phone you.【高考例題】（1）2004全國The evening news comes o

40、n at seven o'clock and_ only thirty minutes.A. keepsB. continuesC. finishesD. lasts （2）2002北京Mummy，can I put the peaches in the cupboard？No，dear. They don't_well. Put them in the fridge insteadA. keepB. fitC. getD. last（3）1999上海Books of this kind _well.A sellBsellsC.are soldD.is soldKey：DAA十

41、、虛擬語氣動(dòng)詞類insist，order，command，suggest，advise，propose，ask，require, request, demand等后接引導(dǎo)的賓語從句時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞須用“（should）動(dòng)詞原形”。The guard at tht gate insisted that everyone should obey the rules.The rule requires that everyone，young or old，man or women，have his car checked once a year.【高考例題】（1）2004福建How do you_we

42、go to Beijing for our holidays.I think we'd better fly there. It's much more comfortable.A.insistB.wantC.supposeD. suggest（2）1994上海Jane's pale face suggested that she_ill，and her parents suggested that she_a medical examinationA.be；should have B. was；haveC.should be；had D. was；has （3）200

43、2上海_sent to work here?AWho do you suggestBWho do you suggest that shouldCDo you suggest who shouldDDo you suggest whom should Key：DBA十一、省略替代類believe，think，suppose，guess，hope，expect，imagine， would like（love）be afraid等動(dòng)詞用于簡略回答中，后接so來替代肯定分句，用not來替代否定分句?；蚪觮o來替代前面內(nèi)容相同的不定式，表示看法、意見、設(shè)想、打算等。例如：Do you think N

44、orman would have lent me his car I had asked him to?Yes，I think so.Will you be able to come to my birthday party？I'd love to，but I'm too busy.注意: believe, think, suppose, guess等用于否定回答時(shí)，既可以說I believe( think, suppose guess) not,也可以說I don't believe（think，suppose guess）so，但用hope，expect，be af

45、raid作否定回答時(shí)，只能說I hope（expect） not以及I'm afraid not?！靖呖祭}】（I）2000春季北京I believe we've met somewhere before.No， Ait isn't the sameBit can't be trueCI don't think soD. I'd rather not（2）2003春北京The boys are not doing a good job at all，are they?_.A. I guess not soB. I don't guessC

46、. I don't guess itD. I guess not（3）NMET1994Do you think it's going to rain over the weekend?_.A. I don't believeB.I don't believe itC. I believe not soD. I believe notKey：CDD十二、否定轉(zhuǎn)移類think，believe, guess，suppose，imagine，expect等動(dòng)詞后接that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句時(shí)，從句若為否定結(jié)構(gòu)，常將否定詞not前移到主句中。I don't think

47、 it is possible to learn a foreign language well without much memory workHe doesn't think Tom will make an excellent player.當(dāng)該結(jié)構(gòu)的主句主語為第一人稱時(shí)，變?yōu)榉匆庖蓡柧?，后半句的主語和謂語簡略形式應(yīng)與從句保持一致，否則與主句保持一致。例如：I don't think there is anything else I need，is there?He doesn't believe he will be able to solve the prob

48、lems by herself,does he?【高考例題】（1）2001上海I don't suppose anyone will volunteer，_？A. doB. don't IC. will theyD. won't they（2）2002上海Mrs. Black doesn't believe her son is able to design a digital camera,_?A. is he B. isn't he C.doesn't she D. does sheKey：CD十三、帶介詞to的動(dòng)詞短語類這類短語有be（ge

49、t）used to，lead to，devoteto，look forward to，stick to，object to，get down to，there is no end to等。當(dāng)它們后面出現(xiàn)動(dòng)詞時(shí)，要用v.-ing形式。例如：I've got used to driving in all kinds of weather.As soon as she returned home from abroad，she got down to preparing supper for children注意區(qū)分介詞to與不定式符號to。He used to drive on the r

50、ight and now he is used to driving on the left.（used to表“過去常?！?，to為不定式符號，be used to表“習(xí)慣于”，to為介詞）I'm looking forward to seeing you soon.（look forward to 意思是“盼望，期待”，to為介詞。）He looked forward to see what was happening.（look forward意為“向前看”，to see是不定式作目的狀語。）【高考例題】（1）2001上海Mr. Reed made up his mind to d

51、evote all he had to _some schools for poor children.A. set upB. setting upC. have set upD. having set up（2）2003上海The discovery of new evidence led to_A.the thief having caughtBcatch the thiefC.the thief being caught D.the thief to be caught（3）1994上海She looks forward every spring to_the flower lined

52、gardenA. visit B. paying a visit C. walking D. walking inKey：BCD十四、瞬間（非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞）類這類動(dòng)詞?？嫉挠術(shù)o, come, leave, start, return, begin, arrive，stop，finish，borrow，lend，open，close，die，become， break, join, marry, employ，graduate等。瞬間（非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞）表短暫性的動(dòng)作，因此不可與表“段時(shí)間”的for/since短語或since從句連用。例如：He has come here for three years.（誤）He has been here for