雅思圖表作文寫作技巧范文

1、聲明：本講義為 GARY嘔心制作, GARY享有獨(dú)家版權(quán),禁止轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)、出 售本講義或?qū)⑵溆糜谄渌虡I(yè)用途！Taskl圖表作文寫作技巧一一、熟悉圖表作文20分鐘150單詞,占寫作測試總分值的三分之一,描述一個(gè)或幾個(gè)圖表.線性圖line graph/chart;柱狀圖bar graph/chat;餅狀圖pie graph/chaCt;表格table;流程圖process diagramA let af banlesCoca-Colas unit 3 volume by fgls 2000. % of toCaJFig. 1 Pie chart and line graph: sales and sh

2、are prices for Coca-ColaWhat those kids are doingFig. 2 Preferred leisure activities of Australian childrenCityDate openedKilometres of routePassengers per year (in millions)London1863刈775Paris1900嗎91191Tokyo194i%7_Wash Frigton DC1976126144Kyoto19811145Los Angeles200-12850Fig. 3 Underground Railways

3、 Systems in Six Cities圖表作文審題要素1 .描述對象整個(gè)圖表的數(shù)據(jù)都是針對描述對象的.圖表的上方標(biāo)題一般會指示描述對象.弄清描述對象非常重要,由于在行文時(shí),需要頻繁地用到它.如：sales of Coca Cola, share price of Coca Cola, the preferred leisure activ幣es of Australian kids aged 5-14, wages growth rate.2 .描述單位對于有X (horizontal axis)和Y軸(vertical axis)的圖表,描述單位一般在 Y軸以符號的形式標(biāo)明.弄清描述單

4、位對于數(shù)據(jù)的準(zhǔn)確描述非常關(guān)鍵,把握不準(zhǔn)的話就容易被當(dāng)做跑題.一般要弄清數(shù)字(number)和百分比(percentage; proportion)的區(qū)別.另外,記住幾個(gè)常用的單位縮寫符號：$: dollarbn: billionm: million 或 metrekm: kilometre%: percentage / proportion 區(qū)別：per cent,000s thousand比方, 第頁的描述單位：bottle / percentage (pie chart), dollar (line chart), percentage (bar chart)圖表作文標(biāo)準(zhǔn)結(jié)構(gòu)Part 1開

5、頭段,介紹寫作目的,需包含四個(gè)要素：國圖表類型但主要描述動(dòng)詞describe, show, present, depict, indicate, representcompare / make a comparison between國描述對象背景信息(地點(diǎn) +時(shí)間)例如：The line graph gives some detailed information about the wages growth rateof some country over a decade from 1993 to 2003.The pie charts below show the percentage

6、of men and women who smoke油 Australia during a 40-year period, between 1960 and 2000.Part 2主體段：1 + N結(jié)構(gòu)1 1: 一句話概括總趨勢或總特征(general trend or feature)套句： have shown striking changes/differences. N: N 段(N1)細(xì)節(jié)描述(striking trends or features )Part 3結(jié)尾段結(jié)尾段給出結(jié)論.結(jié)尾段是可選的,如果時(shí)間緊張或前面幾段字?jǐn)?shù)已夠的話可以省去不寫.甚至 總趨勢或總特征描述段也可以不

7、寫.例如：The graph below gives information on wages of some country over a ten-year period. Write a report for a university tutor describing the information shown.The line graph describes the growth rate of wages in some country from year 1993 to year 2003.As can be seen from the graph , the wage growth

8、 rate shows a feature ofsignificant fluctuation within thedecade.The growth starts at two per cent in 1993, but it doesn t stay there very lobgfore it rapidly doubles in 1994. Further on, the percentage declines to three per cent in 1995, stays steady for a year, before it starts to rise slowly and

9、ends up at just under four per cent in 1997. 1998 is the best year where the wages ratepeaks at sixper cent.However, after 1998 the wages rate declines nearly every year. Only a year after, the percentagedrops towell under three per cent, stays there at roughly three per cent till 2000. In 2002 the

10、wagesrate reaches thelowest point of just one per cent growth. Luckily the growth rises in 2003 to just under two per cent.Overall, the growth rate in wages in some country has shown striking changes through the ten years. 183 wordsTIPS1. 時(shí)間段的表達(dá)例：19932003between 1993 and 2003from 1993 to 2003over /

11、during the years / period between 1993 and 2003over / during the years / period from 1993 to 2003over / during the years / period spanning from 1993 through 2003over + 一段時(shí)間2. 1+N中的1 總趨勢或總特征的引出結(jié)構(gòu)：As can be seen, As can be seen from the graph, According to the graph, The graph leads us to the fact tha

12、t We can see from the graph that 3. Taskl中的時(shí)態(tài)問題Taskl對時(shí)態(tài)的要求也沒有 Task2那么嚴(yán)格.不管發(fā)生在過去還是現(xiàn)在的數(shù)據(jù),都可以用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí) 態(tài)；當(dāng)然,也可以根據(jù)圖表中的具體數(shù)據(jù)選擇時(shí)態(tài).如：如果圖表中既有過去的數(shù)據(jù),又有將來的數(shù) 據(jù),我們的處理方式有兩種.第一種：全部用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài).第二種：發(fā)生在過去的數(shù)據(jù)用一般過去 時(shí),發(fā)生在現(xiàn)在的用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài),發(fā)生在將來的用一般將來時(shí)態(tài).四、圖表作文單項(xiàng)寫作技巧line graph: 3456N 技巧三大核心趨勢描述句型及衍生句型、四大趨勢、五個(gè)關(guān)鍵點(diǎn)、六組核心介詞、N個(gè)程度詞1 .四大趨勢趨勢與關(guān)鍵

13、點(diǎn)是折線圖寫作的根本構(gòu)成元素,之后的介詞、程度詞、趨勢描述句型都是圍繞著二者 展開的.上升VerbsNounsrisea riseincreasean increasegrowa growthclimb 緩慢爬升a climbboom 劇增a boomsoar 劇增a soaran upward trenda downward trend沒有變化/維持在某一值Verbs Nounslevel outa leveling outstabilisea stabilisationhave no changeremain stable/steady stay constant下降VerbsNounsf

14、alla falldeclinea declinedropa dropdecreasea decreasedivea diveplummeta plummeting波動(dòng)VerbsNounsfluctuatea fluctuationoscillatean oscillationswinga swingswaya swaywavera wavering注：分別需記住各自的動(dòng)詞和名詞形式,由于不同的詞性要用在不同的趨勢描述句型之中；根據(jù)詞性的不同,分別叫做“趨勢動(dòng)詞和“趨勢名詞；趨勢描述名詞前一般要加上不定冠詞a/an.2 .五個(gè)關(guān)鍵點(diǎn)即 starting point 起,電,ending/clo

15、sing point 喉點(diǎn)、,peakhighest point最高,電 /最大值,bottomlowest point 最低點(diǎn)/最小值,intersection/crossing point交叉點(diǎn)常出現(xiàn)于多條線時(shí).3 .六組關(guān)鍵介詞圖表寫作專用介詞,與趨勢動(dòng)詞或名詞搭配,是準(zhǔn)確描述趨勢的根底與關(guān)鍵！AT在某一點(diǎn)靜態(tài)概念搭配：begin / start at以值開始end up / wind up / close at 以值結(jié)束peak at到達(dá)最高值/點(diǎn)bottom at降到最低值/點(diǎn)level out at維持在stabilise at維持在remain stable / steady a

16、t 維持在stay constant at維持在stand / dwell at在任意的某一點(diǎn)句型：In 2040, the percentage of Japans senior citizens aged 65 and above will be the highest, _at about 27%. at前的逗號可省略TO上升或下降到某一點(diǎn)動(dòng)態(tài)概念搭配：趨勢動(dòng)詞/名詞+ to；趨勢動(dòng)詞/名詞+ from A to B例如：The wages growth raterises to6%.趨勢動(dòng)詞短語The wages growth rateshows a rise to 6%.趨勢名詞短語

17、The wages growth raterises from2% to 6%.趨勢動(dòng)詞短語The wages growth rateshows a rise from 2% to 6%.趨勢名詞短語BY上升或下降的幅度相當(dāng)于漢語的了,一般作為附加結(jié)構(gòu)放在主要趨勢描述句的后面例如： The wages growth rate rises from 2% to 6%, an increase by/of4%. 或：The wages growth rate rises by4%.這里不能用 ofAROUND 在某個(gè)點(diǎn)上下搭配：fluctuate / oscillate / sway / wave

18、r / sway around例如： The wages growth rate fluctuates around 3 per cent.BETWEEN 在某個(gè)區(qū)間內(nèi)搭配：fluctuate / oscillate / sway / waver / sway between A and B 例如： The wages growth rate fluctuates between 2% and 4%.ABOVE/OVER, UNDER/BELOW 在某個(gè)點(diǎn)之上或之下例如：The wages growth rate drops to under 3% in 1999.在圖表作文里,像to和und

19、er兩個(gè)介詞堆砌在一起的情況是正常的,由于 under和3%一起表示 個(gè)具體的點(diǎn)4 . N個(gè)程度詞程度詞用于修飾趨勢動(dòng)詞或名詞,使趨勢描述更加精確.下框加粗的局部為重點(diǎn)掌握字匯.AdverbsAdjectives急劇地急劇的dramaticallydramaticsharplysharpabruptlyabruptsuddenlysudden快速地快速的rapidlyrapidquicklyquick明顯地明顯的significantlysignificantremarkablyremarkablestrikinglystriking平緩地,緩和地平緩的,緩和的moderatelymodera

20、testeadilysteady持續(xù)地持續(xù)的continuouslycontinuousgraduallygradual緩慢地緩慢的e xactl yslowlyslowprecisely微小地微小的slightlyslightinsignificantlyinsignificantminimallyminimal大約,大概大概的approximatelyapproximateroughlyrough5 .三大核心趨勢描述句型456N所涉及知識點(diǎn)都是為三大核心句型做準(zhǔn)備.我們先從最根本的而趨勢描述句型入手.例句一：工資增長率從 3%上升到6%.句型一：描述對象+趨勢動(dòng)詞短語The wages

21、growth raterises from 3% to 6%.句型二：描述對象 + SEE / SHOW / EXPERIENCE + 趨勢名詞短語The wages growth ratesees / shows / experiences a rise from 3% to 6%. Z見 see結(jié)構(gòu)！句型三：THERE IS +趨勢名詞短語+ IN +描述對象There is a rise from 3% to 6% in the wages growth rate例句二：某個(gè)國家的工資增長率從1996年的空 3%明顯地土曾長到1998年白6%注意到?jīng)]？例句二在例句一的根底上增加了描述對象

22、修飾語、時(shí)間年份、程度詞等元素,在使用的時(shí)候需要注意把他們放在適宜的位置.請看譯：句型一：The wages growth rate of some countryses remarkably from roughly 3% in 1996 to 6% in 1998 .句型二：The wages growth rate of some counShows aremarkable rise from roughly 3% in 1996 to 6% in 1998 .句型三：There is aremarkable rise fromroughly 3% in 1996 to 6%in 199

23、8 in the wages growth rate of some country6 .趨勢描述句型的衍生表達(dá)三大根本句型是把起始值和結(jié)束值用一個(gè)趨勢短語結(jié)合起來.在實(shí)際寫作中,為了使句子富有變化,描述更加靈活,經(jīng)常也會把趨勢描述句型打散.另外,折線圖經(jīng)常以多線結(jié)合的形式出現(xiàn),如果出現(xiàn)兩條或多條線交叉的情況,還需要用相應(yīng)的句型表達(dá)把交叉點(diǎn)前后各條線之間數(shù)值比照的變化描 述出來.以下列圖為例. Japan一一一一 SwedenUSAA打散一個(gè)完整的趨勢表達(dá)例：美國65歲及以上人口比例從 1940年的約8%明顯地上升到2040年的約23%.根本表達(dá)： The percentage of the

24、USAs citizens aged 65 and ovegrows significantly from around 8%in 1940 to approximately 23% in 2040.衍生表達(dá)一：The percentage of the USAs citizens aged 65 and over starts at around 8%, and then grows significantly topproximately 23% in 2040. 衍生表達(dá)二：The percentage of the USA s citizens aged 65 and over sta

25、rts at around 8%, grows significantly thereafter 從那之后,and finally closes at approximately 23% in 2040.B描述一個(gè)總趨勢里面的小趨勢-7 -例：美國65歲及以上人口比例從 1940年的約8%明顯地上升到2040年的約23% ,但是在1980 年到2021年之間有一個(gè)微小的下跌.表達(dá)例如一：The percentage of the USAs citizens aged 65 and oveg rows significantly from around 8% in 1940 to approxi

26、mately 23% in 2040. However, over the period between 1980 and 2021, the figure sees an insignificant downward trend. 注意：however在表達(dá)小趨勢時(shí)的應(yīng)用,另外,特別注意 the figure 經(jīng)常用在圖表作文里面用于替代重復(fù)、冗長的描述對象 表達(dá)本例二：The percentage of the USAs citizens aged 65 and oveg rows significantly from around 8% in 1940 to approximately

27、23% in 2040, except over the period between 1980 and 2021, when the figure sees an insignificant downward trend.注意：except和 when引導(dǎo)的定語從句在表達(dá)小趨勢時(shí)的應(yīng)用C描述交叉點(diǎn)對于兩條線的交叉點(diǎn),一般的處理方式是把交叉點(diǎn)前后的數(shù)值比照變化描述出來.有時(shí)也會交叉 點(diǎn)所對應(yīng)的具體數(shù)值.例：在1940年,瑞典65+的人口比例約7%,比美國略低.之后,這個(gè)數(shù)值開始顯著上升,并在2000年之后,過美國的65+人口比例.最后,這個(gè)數(shù)值在2040年以約25%結(jié)束.注：這個(gè)范例實(shí)際上反映

28、了多條折線寫作或者說是所有圖標(biāo)類型寫作的一個(gè)根本理念,即要 多比擬如：比美國略低、超過美國 65+人口比例.表達(dá)不例：In 1940, the percentage of Sweden citizens aged 65 and ovestands at around 7%, which is slightly lower than that of the USA. Afterwards , the figure begins to go up strikingly until it surpassesthat of the USA after 2000, and finally closes

29、atroughly 25% in 2040.注意：afterwardsuntil and finally closes at將整個(gè)交叉數(shù)據(jù)完整地描述出來.另外注意： surpass表示超過的意崩D將B小趨勢和C交叉點(diǎn)結(jié)合起來對于例如中的瑞典曲線,光把它跟美國的曲線比照還是不夠的,還需要把前者內(nèi)部的小波動(dòng)趨勢 指出來.例：在1940年,瑞典65+的人口比例約7%,比美國略低.之后,這個(gè)數(shù)值開始顯著上升,并在2000年之后,過美國的65+人口比例.最后,這個(gè)數(shù)值在2040年以約25%結(jié)束.值得注意的一點(diǎn)是, 在1980到1990 ,以及2021到2030年之間,瑞典的這個(gè)數(shù)值呈現(xiàn)出略微的下降. 或

30、：值得一 提的是,在1980到2030年間,瑞典的這個(gè)數(shù)值呈現(xiàn)出略微的波動(dòng).表達(dá)不例：In 1940, the percentage of Sweden citizens aged 65 and ovestands at around 7%, which is slightly lower than that of the USA. Afterwards, the figure begins to go up strikingly until it surpasses that of the USA after 2000, and finally closesat roughly 25% in

31、 2040. One noteworthy point is that the figure for Sweden shows slight declines between 1980 and 1990, as well as between 2021 and 2030.(OR: One noteworthy point is that the figure for Sweden shows a slight fluctuation between 1980 and2030.)E) before表示然后The proportion of Japans population aged 65 an

32、d ovedrops from exactly 5% in 1940 to about 3% in the 1980s, before it rises steadily to 10% in 2030. After that, F)替代詞：that of . / the figure forThe wages growth rate of the US keeps growing, while the figure for / that of Japan shows a continuous downward trend during the same period.G)關(guān)聯(lián)詞while /

33、whereas / whilst 而例：The wages growth rate of the US keeps growing, while the figure for Japan shows a continuous downward trend during the same period.specifically, to be specific 具體來講on the contrary, in/by contrast, on the other hand, unlike與之相反一,稍帶主觀性白關(guān)聯(lián)詞：interestingly 有趣地是surprisingly, staggering

34、ly 令人驚訝的是alarmingly值得警醒的是unnervingly令人擔(dān)憂的是五、譯練習(xí)1 .某個(gè)國家的工資增長率從 1993年的2%上升到了 1994年的4%.The rate of wage growth in some country rises from 2% in 1993 to 4% in 1994 .2 .可口可樂的股票價(jià)格 (share price)從1998年的80%跌到了 1999年的55%.The share price of Coca-cola drops from 80% in 1998 to 55% in 1999 .3 .上世紀(jì)60年代到90年代澳大利亞男性

35、煙民的數(shù)量呈波動(dòng)特點(diǎn).The number of male smokers in Australia from 1960s to 1990s shows the feature of fluctuation4 .可口可樂的股票價(jià)格在1998年第三季度到達(dá) 80%的峰值.The share price of Coca-cola peaks at 80% in the third quarters of 1998 .5 .加拿大的小麥出口量在1989年跌倒1,400萬噸的最低值.The wheat exports in Canada bottoms at 14 million tons in 19

36、89.6 .倫敦地鐵站的乘客數(shù)量從上午8點(diǎn)的400人陡然降到10點(diǎn)的180人,減少了 220人.The number of passengers in London Underground Station falls dramatically from 400 at 8 a.m. to 180 at 10 a.m., adecline by/of 2207 .澳大利亞日本游客的比例從 1985年的2%迅速增長到1989年的7%,增加了 5%.The percentage of Japanese tourists in Australia booms from 2% in 1985 to 7%

37、in 1989, an in8 .某國十年間的工資增長率大致在3%上下波動(dòng).The rate of wage growth of some country fluctuates around 3% within the decade.9 .某國的工資增長率從2002年的1%爬升到2003年的2%以上.The rate of wage growth in some country climbs from 1% in 2002 to above 2% in 2003 .10 .歐盟的小麥出口量在 2007年大致維持在 3,200萬噸的水平.The wheat exports of EU level out approximately at 32 million tons.Percentages寫作練習(xí)1 .填空題The graph shows changes in households car ownership in Great Britain by _percentage_ _over_ a period of 36 years.Overall, car ownership in Britain increased _betwee