主謂一致和就近就遠(yuǎn)原則

1、主主？!H以下二個爪列:主謂一致和就近就遠(yuǎn)原則就近一致原則也稱“鄰近原則就近一致原則"，即：謂語與靠近的名詞、代詞(有 時不一定是主語)在“人稱、人數(shù)”上一致。一、在正式文體中：1. 由下列詞語連接的并列主語：“there be+句型；or either.or;nor;neither.nor;whether.or;not.but;not only.but also"等。Eg.(1) What he does or what he says does not concern me.他的行為或言談與我無關(guān)。(2) Neither you nor I am wrong.你和我都沒

2、錯。(3) Not you but your father is to blame.不是你，而是你的父親該受責(zé)備。(4) Not only you but (also) he is wrong.不僅你錯了，他也錯了。2. 在倒裝句中，謂語可與后面第一個主語一致。Eg.(l)In the distance was heard the clapping of hands and the shouts of the people.在遠(yuǎn)處，能聽見鼓掌和人們的呼喊聲。(2) There is (are) a pen and some books on the desk桌上有一支鋼筆和幾木書。非正式文體中

3、：有時依“就近”和“意義"一致的原則；但語法上，“no one"才是主語, 謂語要改成“agrees”?！皩懽髦小币话阋馈罢Z法一致"原則?？偨Y(jié)：英語就近原則短語1. There be 句型 There is a book and some pencils on the desk.=There are some pencils and a book on the desk2. Neither.nor.Neither you nor he is right.=Neither he nor you are right.3. either.or.Either they

4、or Jim is going to Shanghai next Saturday.=Either Jim or they are going to Shanghai next Saturday.4. not only.but also.Not only Ann but also her parents stay at home every Sunday.=Not only Amfs parents but also she stays at home eveiy Sunday.就遠(yuǎn)原則謂語動詞與前而主語一致代表詞匯：as well as;(together/along)with;Rather

5、 than;except;besides;but;including;in addition to;apart from 例子：He rather than I is right.Nobody but two students is in the classroom.主謂一致一、當(dāng)主語后而與 with,as well as,but,except,like,rather than.no less than,besides,including等+名詞或代詞連用時，謂語動詞與第一 個主語保持一致。1. The teacher,with 6 girls and 8 boys of her class,

6、visiting a museumwhen the earthquake struckA.was B.were C.had beenD.would be2. A library with five thousand booksto the nation as a giftA.is offeredB.has offeredC.are offeredD.have offered3. E-mail,aswell as telephone,an important part in dailycommunicatio n.A.is playing B.have played C.are playing

7、D.play4. Nobody but Janethe secret.A.know B.knows C.have known D.is known5. All but onehere just nowA.is B.was C.has been D.were二、當(dāng) either.or.;neither.nor.;not only.but also.等連接并列主訊時， 謂語動詞與靠近它的主語保持一致。6. Either you or the headmasterthe prizes to these gifted students at themeeting A.was handing outB.

8、are to hand outC.are handing outD.is to hand out7. Not only I but also Jane and Marytired of having one examinationafter another.A.is B.are C.amD.be三、當(dāng)ctthe only one of+復(fù)數(shù)名詞+定語從句”，且關(guān)系代詞在定語從句 中作主語時，定語從句的謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式，當(dāng)"oneof+復(fù)數(shù)名詞+ 定語從句”，且關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中作主語時，定語從句的謂語動 詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。8. He is the only one of the st

9、udents whoa winner of scholarship forthree years.A.is B.are C.have been D.has been9.She is one of the few girls whoin the kindergarten.A.is well paidB.are well paidC.is paying wellD.are paying well四、當(dāng)news,means,maths,plastics,physics等在形式上是復(fù)數(shù)概念，而 在意義上是單數(shù)概念的名詞作主語時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。lO.Every possible meansto p

10、revent the pollution,but the sky is still notclear.A.is used B.are used C.has been used D.have been used五、當(dāng)分?jǐn)?shù)（百分?jǐn)?shù)）+of+名詞作主語時，謂語動詞的數(shù)取決于of 后而名詞的數(shù)。11. of the land in that distrcitcovered with trees and glassA.Two fifth;isB.Two fifth;areC.Two fifths;isD.Two fifths;are六、the number數(shù)目）短語作主語時,謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式;當(dāng)a number of.（許多）短語作主語時，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。12. The number of people invitedfifty,but a number of themabsentfor different reasonsA.were;was B. was;was C.was;was D.