be動(dòng)詞,一般動(dòng)詞和助動(dòng)詞

1、be動(dòng)詞、一般動(dòng)詞和助動(dòng)詞-、be動(dòng)詞、一般動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在式(1) be動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在式 一am/are/isbe動(dòng)詞的百叉a.是(表狀態(tài))We are happy.我們很高興b.在(表存在)She is in America. 她在美國(guó)主語(yǔ)+be動(dòng)詞主語(yǔ)be動(dòng)詞例句A人稱:amI am a boy.第二人稱areYou are my sons.第三人稱的單數(shù)名詞isHe is my student.be動(dòng)詞的否定句含be動(dòng)詞(am/are/is)的肯定句變成否定句時(shí)，在be動(dòng)詞后加not即可?？隙ň洌褐髡Z(yǔ)+am/are/is 否定句：主語(yǔ)+am/are/is+not He is a good bas

2、eball player.他是一個(gè)好棒球員（否定句） He is not a good baseball player.=He ' s not a good baseball player.=He isn ' t a good baseball player.be動(dòng)詞的疑問(wèn)旬含be動(dòng)詞(am/are/is )的肯定句變成疑問(wèn)句時(shí)，將 be動(dòng)詞拿到主語(yǔ)前，句尾加？即可?？隙ň洌褐髡Z(yǔ)+am/are/is疑問(wèn)句：Am/Are/Is+主語(yǔ)？1 .That is his camera.那是他的相機(jī)(疑問(wèn)句)Is that his camera?2 .The girl is a junio

3、r high school student.那女孩是初中生（疑問(wèn)句） Is the girl a junior high school student?LBe動(dòng)詞開頭的疑問(wèn)句為一般疑問(wèn)句，可用 yes或no回答，而答句中的主語(yǔ) 用代名詞（問(wèn)句）Am/Are/Is+主語(yǔ)？（答句）Yes主語(yǔ)+am/are/isNo,主語(yǔ)+am/are/is not3 .Is that man your math teacher?Yes,he is./No, he is not.2.Are you eating your lunch?Yes, I am./No, I ' m not.（2） 一般動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在式

4、一般動(dòng)詞的含義凡是日常生活中具體的動(dòng)作，如：eat-吃飯，walk-走路及抽象的動(dòng)作如：like-喜歡，think-思考皆為一般動(dòng)詞主語(yǔ)+一般動(dòng)詞人稱數(shù)單數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)A人稱I like dogs.We like dogs.第二人稱You like dogs.You like dogs.第三人稱He likes dogs.They like dogs.般動(dòng)詞加s或es的方法a.大部分動(dòng)詞加sworks/playsb. 一般動(dòng)詞詞尾為o/s/sh/ch時(shí)。加esgo-goes/wash -washes/watch -watchesc.一般動(dòng)詞詞尾為字音+y時(shí)，去y力口 iescry-cries/stud

5、y -studies?I助動(dòng)詞have和hashas為have （有，吃）的單數(shù)形式They have a lot of money.He has a lot of money.一般動(dòng)詞的否定句含有一般動(dòng)詞從肯定句變?yōu)榉穸ň鋾r(shí)，不可直接在一般動(dòng)詞之后加not,必須使用助動(dòng)詞do/does/did 。且助動(dòng)詞之后用原形動(dòng)詞，因?yàn)橹鷦?dòng)詞表示了時(shí)態(tài)、數(shù)的變化。do用于主語(yǔ)為I/you/復(fù)數(shù)does 一 用于主語(yǔ)為第三人稱單數(shù)she/hedid T于過(guò)去式，不分人稱和數(shù)均可用肯定句：主語(yǔ)+一般動(dòng)詞否定句：主語(yǔ)+do/does/did+not+原形動(dòng)詞I.The twin brothers go to

6、school by bus.這對(duì)雙胞胎兄弟坐公交車上學(xué)（否定句） The twin brothers do not = =don' ）t go to school by bus.2.Sam has dinner at the restaurant.（否定句） Sam does not = =doesn' ）t have dinner at the restaurant.比較|否定句a.be動(dòng)詞He is my boyfriend.He is not my boyfriend.b.一股動(dòng)詞He likes dogs.He does not like dogs.一般動(dòng)詞的疑問(wèn)句含有

7、一般動(dòng)詞的肯定句變成疑問(wèn)句時(shí)，不可將一般動(dòng)詞拿到主語(yǔ)前，必須用助動(dòng)詞 do/does/did ,且助動(dòng)詞之后用原形動(dòng)詞?？隙ň洌褐髡Z(yǔ)+ 一般動(dòng)詞疑問(wèn)句：Do/Does/Did+主語(yǔ)+原形動(dòng)詞？1 .You visit your grandmother on Sundays.（疑問(wèn)句） Do you visit your grandmother on Sundays?2 .He comes from England.（疑問(wèn)句） Does he come from England?I助動(dòng)詞do/does/did開頭的疑問(wèn)句（即一般疑問(wèn)句），其回答（問(wèn)句）Do/Does/Did+主語(yǔ)+原形動(dòng)詞？（答

8、句）Yes 主語(yǔ)+do/does/didNo,主語(yǔ) +don' t/doesn ' t/didn ' tDoes the little boy go to school?Yes,he does./No,he doesn ' t.比較|疑問(wèn)句a.be動(dòng)詞She is beautiful.Is she beautiful? Yes, she is.b.一股動(dòng)詞She loves tennis.Does she love tennis? Yes,she does.二、be動(dòng)詞、一般動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式Be動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式表示：過(guò)去時(shí)間中發(fā)生的狀態(tài)1 .（現(xiàn)在式）He is bus

9、y now.（他現(xiàn)在很忙） （過(guò)去式）He was busy then.（他那時(shí)很忙）2 .（現(xiàn)在式） My parents are at home now.（過(guò)去式） My parents were at home yesterday.時(shí)間副詞改變，動(dòng)詞也應(yīng)改變。| was 和 werebe動(dòng)詞amisareg was,werebe動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式的否定句含be動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式 was/were的肯定句邊否定句時(shí)，在be動(dòng)詞后加not.肯定句：主語(yǔ)+was/were否定句：主語(yǔ)+was/were+not1 .Mr.Brown was a vet.Brown先生是一個(gè)獸醫(yī)（否定句） Mr.Brown wa

10、s not （=wasn' > a vet.2 .Joe and Brain were in the living room at that time.（否定句） Joe and Brain were not （weren' > in the living room at that time.be動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式的疑問(wèn)句含be動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式 was/were的肯定句變疑問(wèn)句時(shí)， 將was/were拿到主語(yǔ)前，句尾加？即可?？隙ň洌褐髡Z(yǔ)+was/were疑問(wèn)句： was/were+主語(yǔ)一?1 .Wendy was in the seventh grade last year.W

11、endy去年讀七年級(jí)（疑問(wèn)句） Was wendy in the seventh grade last year?UBe動(dòng)詞開頭的疑問(wèn)句，可用yes或no回答，而答句中的主語(yǔ)用代名詞（問(wèn)句）Was/Were+主語(yǔ)？（答句）Yes主語(yǔ)+was/were/No,主語(yǔ)+was/were+not.Were you a pianist?你是鋼琴家嗎？Yes, I was./No, I wasn ' t.般動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式規(guī)則變化不規(guī)則變化原形動(dòng)詞+ed原形動(dòng)詞詞尾有 原形動(dòng)詞為 stop-stopped/plan 原形動(dòng)詞詞尾為子help-helped/spell -spelled/want -wa

12、ntede+d love-loved/dance -danced子音+短元音+子音：雙寫詞尾+ed-planned首 +y：去 y+iedstudy-studied/cry -criedeat-ate/take -took read-read/give -gave ride-rode/teach -taught come-came/see-saw go-went/have -had1.1 walk to school every day.（過(guò)去式）I walked to school yesterday .2 .Mother goes to a supermarket every mornin

13、g .（過(guò)去式）Mother went to a supermarket yesterday.一主語(yǔ)為第三人稱單數(shù)時(shí)，動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式不加So般動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式的否定句not,必須用助動(dòng)含一般動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式的肯定句變否定句時(shí)，不可直接在一般動(dòng)詞之后加 詞did （不分人稱和數(shù)），而助動(dòng)詞之后用動(dòng)詞原形。肯定句：主語(yǔ)+一般動(dòng)詞否定句：主語(yǔ)+did not+原形動(dòng)詞1 .He called you last night.他昨晚打你電話（否定句）He did not call you last night.2 .My sister and I watched TV all day yesterday.（否定句）My

14、 sister and I didn wa tcth TV all day yesterday.比較|否定句過(guò)去式a.be動(dòng)詞She was at home.She wasn ' t at home.b. 一股動(dòng)詞She studied English.She didn ' t study English.般動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式的疑問(wèn)句含有一般動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式的肯定句變?yōu)橐蓡?wèn)句時(shí)，不可將一般動(dòng)詞拿到主語(yǔ)前，必須用過(guò)去式助動(dòng)詞did ,且did之后必須用原形動(dòng)詞?？隙ň洌褐髡Z(yǔ)+一般動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式疑問(wèn)句：Did+主語(yǔ)+原形動(dòng)詞？1 .His friends went to that movie cas

15、e week.（疑問(wèn)句） Did his friends go to that movie last week.（答句）Yes,they did./No,they didn ' t.2 .Grace wrote a letter to David.（疑問(wèn)句）Did Grace write a letter to David?（答句）Yes, She did./No,she didn ' t.比較|疑問(wèn)句過(guò)去式a.be動(dòng)詞He was sick.Was he sick.b. 一股動(dòng)詞He did his homework.Did he do his homework?三、助動(dòng)詞所

16、謂助動(dòng)詞是和原形動(dòng)詞合在一起，用來(lái)表現(xiàn)時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)、語(yǔ)氣的動(dòng)詞。此外，助動(dòng)詞 也能表示疑問(wèn)、否定、強(qiáng)調(diào)助動(dòng)詞的特點(diǎn)1 .其后須接原形動(dòng)詞He can speak English.?He can speaks English.2 .現(xiàn)在式中，主語(yǔ)為第三人稱單數(shù)，詞尾不加sHe cans speak English.3 .形成否定句時(shí)，在助動(dòng)詞后加notHe cannot speak English. ?He doesn ' t can speak English.4 .形成疑問(wèn)句時(shí)，將助動(dòng)詞拿到主語(yǔ)前Can he speak English?Does he can speak Englis

17、h?5 .兩個(gè)助動(dòng)詞不能連用You will can swim soon.常見助動(dòng)詞的用法(1) can (could )Can表能力、許可、可能，而 could是can的過(guò)去式a.表能力(=be able to )1 .He can speak Japanese, but he cannot (=can ') twrite it.1.1 will be able to (此處不能用 can) finish the paper and go out to see the exhibition tomorrow.1.2 haven ' t been able toecall hi

18、s name.我一直想不起他的名字b.表可能1.3 t cannot be true.那不可能是真的2 .This kind of thing can happen every now and then.這種事隨時(shí)可能會(huì)發(fā)生3 .A quarrel can sometimes cause trouble.口角有時(shí)可能引發(fā)問(wèn)題4 .The light in the sky could be a UFO.天空中的光可能是外星飛船c.表許可1.Youcan come in if you have a ticket.如果你有門票就可以進(jìn)來(lái)2.I ' m afraid youn ' pa

19、rk your car here.恐怕你不能把車停在這兒3.Can I leave early because I' m not well today?Certainly.因?yàn)槲医裉觳皇娣?，可以早點(diǎn)離開嗎？可以d.表請(qǐng)求1 .Can you do me a favor?你能幫我忙嗎？Could you do me a favor?是更可氣的說(shuō)法Could you repeat your cell phone number,please?請(qǐng)你重復(fù)一遍你的手機(jī)號(hào)碼好嗎？2 2) may (might)a.表許可1 .You may not chew gum in class.你不可以在課堂

20、上嚼口香糖2 .May I interrupt you?sure.我可以打斷你嗎？一一當(dāng)然b.表可以1.You may be right but I am against your opinion.你可能是對(duì)的，但是我反對(duì)你的意見2.She might not know that you are here.她可能不知道你在這兒? Might可用于現(xiàn)在式或過(guò)去式，其表示的可能性較may低c.表意愿、祈禱1 .May I never see a sight like that again!愿我不再看到那樣的景象2 .May you succeed.愿你成功3 3) musta.表義務(wù)、命令1 .Y

21、oumust return this book by next Tuesday.你必須還書在下周二之前2 .Youmust not talk with your mouth full.你不可以在嘴巴有東西時(shí)說(shuō)話? Must I really attend the meeting?我真的必須參加那場(chǎng)會(huì)議嗎？Yes,you must.No, you need not.No, you don ' t have to.Must=have to (必須)，但must只能用于現(xiàn)在式，其過(guò)去式用had to ,未來(lái)式用 will have to ,完成時(shí)用 have had to1 . I had

22、to go to see the doctor because I caught a cold.我必須去看醫(yī)生，因?yàn)槲腋忻傲? .Youll'have to replace this light bulb.你將必須更換這燈泡3 .We have had to stay here because it' s raining heavily outside.我們必須一直呆在這里，因?yàn)橥饷嬖谙麓笥? 口語(yǔ)中，常用have got to代替have toI.You ' ve got to be more patient,Mary.Mary你必須更有耐心b.表推測(cè)I.Youmus

23、t be kidding.你一定是在開玩笑2.That is an enormous animal, it must weight a ton.那是個(gè)巨大的動(dòng)物，它可能有一噸? 表推測(cè)是的must,其否定用cannot代替I.She is very young. She cannot be over twenty.她非常年輕，她不會(huì)超過(guò)二十歲c.表必然1. All men must die.人一定會(huì)死(4) willWill除表未來(lái)外，還有下列用法a.表現(xiàn)在的推測(cè)I.Mom will be downstairs now.媽媽現(xiàn)在應(yīng)該在樓下吧2. That will be his house.那

24、應(yīng)該是他家吧b.表主語(yǔ)強(qiáng)烈的意志I.The window will not open.窗戶怎么也打不開3. He will insist on his right.他將堅(jiān)持他的權(quán)利c.表習(xí)慣、傾向1 .Accidents will happen.事故將發(fā)生2 .A drowning man will catch at a straw.溺水者將抓住一根草d.表請(qǐng)求1 .Will you bring me a ladder?麻煩給我拿個(gè)梯子好嗎？2 .Will you have one more coffee?你要不要再來(lái)杯咖啡？(5) wouldWould為will的過(guò)去式，但 would有其獨(dú)

25、特的用法a.表客氣的請(qǐng)求1 .Would you mind if I sit next to you?你介意我坐你旁邊嗎？2 .Would you call me back later?請(qǐng)稍后打給我好嗎？b.表過(guò)去的習(xí)慣，常伴隨著sometimes/often頻率副詞1.Before they had television, people would listen to the radio.在有電視之前，人們習(xí)慣聽收音機(jī)2.Susanwould often chat with us at this coffee shop.Susan以前經(jīng)常和我們?cè)谶@家咖啡廳聊天C表過(guò)去的意志1 .Youwou

26、ldn ' etat carrots when you were a boy.你小時(shí)候不愿吃紅葡萄2 .The rusty screw wouldn ' come loose.生銹的螺絲擰不開(6) used toa.表過(guò)去的習(xí)慣1 .John used to work part -time at a restaurant after school.John以前在下課后常到餐廳打工1.1 used to go for a swim on my lunch break, but now I don' t.我以前常在午休時(shí)間去游泳，但現(xiàn)在不去了3.I used to go

27、to the movies every Sunday.我以前每個(gè)星期天常去看電影I would often go to the movies when I was young.我年輕時(shí)常去看電影Used to表過(guò)去的習(xí)慣Would表過(guò)去動(dòng)作的重復(fù)，其習(xí)慣意味較淡回Used to的否定為used notto或didn ' t used上疑問(wèn)為Used+主語(yǔ)+？或 Did+主語(yǔ)+use to1 .He used not to drink尸He didn ' t use torink.他以前不喝酒2 .Used he to go to school with you?= Did he

28、 use to go to school with you?3 .We used to talk about our future, didn （或 usewe ' t we?我們以前常談到未來(lái)，不是嗎？b.表過(guò)去持續(xù)的狀態(tài)1 .There used to be an old temple here.從前有一座古塔在這兒2 .He isn ' t whatused to be three years ago.他不在是三年前的他重點(diǎn)廠 物+be used to +動(dòng)詞V（物）被用來(lái) ,人+be used to+Ving（人）習(xí)慣人+used to +V過(guò)去習(xí)慣于y1 . The

29、knife is used to cut bread.這刀用來(lái)切面包2 .I am used to keeping good hours.我習(xí)慣于早睡早起（7） shoulda.表義務(wù)I.Youshould exercise more and eat less.你應(yīng)該多運(yùn)動(dòng)少吃2.The government should spend more money on education.政府應(yīng)該花更多的錢在教育上b.表推測(cè)I.Our guests should be here within an hour.我們的客人應(yīng)該在一個(gè)小時(shí)內(nèi)會(huì)到這兒2.1 sent you e-mail yesterday

30、, so you should know about the invitation.我昨天發(fā)了電子郵件到你，所以你應(yīng)該知道邀請(qǐng)函的事吧c.表強(qiáng)烈的驚奇I.Who should make such a foolish mistake?誰(shuí)會(huì)犯如此愚蠢的錯(cuò)誤？2.How should I know it?我為什么應(yīng)該知道那件事呢？重點(diǎn)Ought to (應(yīng)該)語(yǔ)氣較 should強(qiáng)，在口語(yǔ)中常用1 .My bicycle ought to be here because I left it just beside the telegraph pole.我的腳踏車應(yīng)該在這兒，因?yàn)槲彝Ｔ陔娋€桿旁邊2 .

31、You oughtn ' t (to) do so.你不應(yīng)該這樣做3 .Ought we (to) tell him about it.我們應(yīng)該告訴他注思美式英語(yǔ)口語(yǔ)中，to常省略(8) needNeed (需要)一般做為動(dòng)詞使用，若當(dāng) 助動(dòng)詞，只能用于否定句或疑問(wèn)句1 .Youdon ' t needo speak so loud. I hear you very well.=You need not speak so loud. I hear you very well.2 .Do I need to record the program on the tape?No, y

32、ou don ' t need to.我需要把節(jié)目錄到光盤上嗎？=Need I record the program on the tape?No, you needn ' t.注思美語(yǔ)中，need多用于動(dòng)詞用法(9) dare助動(dòng)詞dare有敢于之意，過(guò)去式為 dared ,但dare也有動(dòng)詞用法，形成 dare+ (to) +原形 動(dòng)詞1.She dare not tell the truth.=she does not dare (to) tell the truth.她不敢說(shuō)實(shí)話2.I dared not laugh at him at that time.=I did

33、n' t dare (to) laugh at that time.3.I dare say he is right.我敢說(shuō)他是對(duì)的含助動(dòng)詞的慣用表現(xiàn)(1)助動(dòng)詞+have+過(guò)去分詞1 .Youmay have heard this joke before.你以前可能聽到過(guò)這個(gè)笑話2 .The keysmight have fallen out of your pocket.鑰匙可能掉出了口袋3.I must have been asleep. I didn ' t hear your footsteps.我一定是睡著了，才沒有聽到你的腳步聲4.He cannot have s

34、urvived in the accident.他不可能在那場(chǎng)意外中幸存(2)含can的慣用表現(xiàn)1 .cannot help+V -ing 表禁不住I cannot help crying whenever I hear that song.每當(dāng)我聽到那首歌我都忍不住哭2 .cannot help but V (不能不)I cannot help but think so.我不能不這樣想3 .cannottoo(無(wú)論再也不為過(guò))You cannot be too careful when you choose a husband.你選丈夫是，越小心越好(3)含may(might)的慣用語(yǔ)1 .may well+V (大可，恐怕是)He may well say so.他大可這么說(shuō)She may well be lost. She has a poor sense of direction