定語從句講解總結(jié)

1、定語從句講解注意英漢差異：漢語的定語無論多長都放在被修飾詞的前面，而英語中的 定語則不然，是一個(gè)詞時(shí)，放在被修飾詞的前面，女口：.a beautiful girl.a lovely boy是兩個(gè)以上的詞組、短語或從句則放在被修飾詞的后面,如： .She is the girl in red.她就是穿紅衣的女孩。.The lady carried a bag full of mon ey.那位女士背了個(gè)裝滿錢的包。.He is the man who you are looking for.她就是你在找的人。2. 分清主句與從句，看究竟哪個(gè)句子缺少成分。如上面第5： 主句：He is the m

2、an從句： who you are looking for在從句中，looking for的賓語是the man.因此選用關(guān)系代詞 who(whom)放 置于句首，便是定語從句。3. 從句中做賓語的關(guān)系代詞可以省略，故第 5題可以寫成:He is the man you are looki ng for.二.定語從句(從句部分)1、功能：相當(dāng)于形容詞，修飾名詞或代詞，在句中作定語2、位置：定語從句置于被修飾詞之后Those who are willi ng to atte nd the p arty, sig n here pl ease.3、先行詞：被定語從句修飾的詞稱為先行詞(1) 先行詞

3、一般是名詞和不定代詞,女口:some-, any-, every和 no 與-boy, -thing 的合成詞； 或 all、none、any、 some、that、those 等代詞。數(shù)詞也可以作先行詞，人稱代詞也同樣可作先行詞。(2) 先行詞與關(guān)系詞是等量關(guān)系。必須注意兩點(diǎn):先行詞在從句中作主語時(shí)，從句謂語動詞的數(shù)由先行詞而定。This is the p lace which is worth visit ing.關(guān)系詞在從句句子中充當(dāng)了成分，其意思就是先行詞的意義，所以在從 句中不能重復(fù)其意。There are many places we can visit(them)in China

4、.4、關(guān)系詞：引導(dǎo)定語從句的都稱關(guān)系詞關(guān)系代詞： which, that, who, whom, whose, as關(guān)系副詞：when, where, why。that偶爾也作關(guān)系副詞。5、確定關(guān)系詞的步驟(1)先找關(guān)系詞，看先行詞指的是什么。(2)看關(guān)系詞在從句中所充當(dāng)?shù)某煞?。?關(guān)系代詞which的用法En glish is a Ian guage.It is sp oke n all over the world.=> En glish is a Ian guage which is spoken all over the world.英語是世界各地 都在使用的語言。He look

5、ed for a car.The engine of the car was in good con diti on.=>He looked for a car the engine of which was in good con diti on.Where is the p arcel?We received it this morni ng.=> Where is the p arcel (which) we received this morning? 今天早上我們收 到的包裹在哪里？二.關(guān)系代詞that的用法He 's in love with a girl th

6、at/who has red hair.他正和一位紅發(fā)女孩談戀愛。Baseball is the sport that/ which most boys like.棒球是大多數(shù)男孩喜歡的運(yùn)動。that而不用三.注意that/ which區(qū)別:在定語從句中，當(dāng)先行詞指物時(shí)，下列情況的關(guān)系詞宜用which先行詞被形容詞最高級修飾1. Today is the coldest day (that) we have ever exp erie need.今天是我們經(jīng)歷 過最寒冷的一天。(2)先行詞被序數(shù)詞修飾2. The first thi ng (that) you have to do is to

7、 study mathematics.你必須做的第一件事就是學(xué)習(xí)數(shù)學(xué)。先行詞中既有人又有物時(shí)。3. The driver and the car that had falle n in to the sea were quickly recovered.掉到海里的司機(jī)和車子很快就被撈起來了。主句中已有疑問詞 who或which時(shí)4.1 Who is the woma n that was pr aised at the meeti ng?在大會上被表揚(yáng)的那位婦女是誰？哪一幅是Mary畫的畫?4.2 Which is the picture (that) Mary pai nted?（5）先行詞

8、被 only、any、few、little、no、all、one of、the same、the very等修飾時(shí)。5. Li Mi ng is the only one that wan ts to be a teacher.李明是唯一一個(gè)想當(dāng)老 師的學(xué)生（6）先行詞為 all、much、little、none、few、one、something、anything 等不定代詞時(shí)。6.1 All (that) he said was not true.他所說的并非全是真的。6.2 We have n't got much that we can offer you.我們沒有多少東西能身

9、你們 提供。6.3 My brother fixed almost anything that needed repairing. 我哥哥幾乎修理 了任何一個(gè)需要修理的東西。（7）有兩個(gè)定語從句，其中一個(gè)關(guān)系代詞已用which,另一個(gè)宜用that.7. Edis on built up a factory which p roduced things that had n ever bee n see n before.愛迪生辦了一家工廠，生產(chǎn)過去從未見到過的東西。在定語從句中，下列情況的關(guān)系詞宜用which而不用that可用于非限定性定語從句中，代替物、整個(gè)主句或主句中的一部分?？捎糜诮樵~之

10、后，即介詞 + which （代物）。1.1s that the man?You lent the money to him.那位就是跟你借錢Is that the man (whom/that) you lent the money to 的人嗎？Is that the man to whom you lent the money ?(這里的 whom 不能被 that 代2. The tra in for which I am wait ing is now half an hour late.那班我正在等的火 車現(xiàn)在已晚了半小時(shí)。3. This is the habit which yo

11、u must try to do with.這是你必須改掉的習(xí)慣。（如果是固定短語，介詞不能被提到關(guān)系代詞前）關(guān)系代詞who/whom的用法This is the man with whom I worked.這位就是和我一起工作的人This is the teacher who ofte n tells jokes.這就是那個(gè)常講笑話的老師。關(guān)系詞who與that的區(qū)別關(guān)系詞who與that指人時(shí)，也有不同情況分別用不同的關(guān)系詞（1）當(dāng)主句是there be句型時(shí)，關(guān)系詞用 who。（2）先行詞是為 anyone、those、some one、every one、one 等詞時(shí)，關(guān)系 詞用w

12、ho。（3）當(dāng)主句是who作疑問詞時(shí)，關(guān)系詞用that。Who is that girl that is sta nding by the win dow?whom在從句中只作賓語，可被who取代。關(guān)系代詞whose的用法Whose是代詞的所有格，它既可以代人也可以代物1. He looked for a car.Its engine was in good con diti on.=> He looked for a car whose engine was in good con diti on.他在找一部弓 I擎狀況好的車子。What的用法重點(diǎn):What = the thi ng(

13、s) which=all that=anything thatThe thi ng which I want is p eace of mind.=> What I want is peace of mi nd.我所析是心靈的平靜。（經(jīng)典口語句）She told the detectives all that they wan ted to know.=> She told the detectives what they wan ted to know.她告訴偵探們他們想要 知道的所有事情。I don't know what they were talki ng abou

14、t.我不知道他們談?wù)摰氖虑?。（關(guān)系代詞）我不知道他們在談?wù)撌裁?。（疑問詞）注意what的重點(diǎn):1. What is called/ what we(you, they) call 所謂的She is what is called /what we call a walk ing dicti on ary.他是所謂的活字典。A is to. What B is to . A之對的關(guān)系正如B之對的關(guān)系A(chǔ)ir is to us what water is to fish.空氣之于人猶如水之于魚。What A is (was/used to be)今日的 A (昔日的 A)She is not wha

15、t she was ten years ago.她不再是十年前的她。What is +比較級更的是What is more更好的是；而且What is worse = to make matters worse 而且更糟的是關(guān)系代詞可省略關(guān)系代詞作賓語可省略The lady (whom) we met on the street is our teacher.我們在街上遇見的女士 是我們的老師。關(guān)系代詞作補(bǔ)語可省略She is not the beautiful girl (that) she was.她現(xiàn)在不像以前那么漂亮在there(here) is (are)的句型中，關(guān)系代詞可省略。T

16、here is some one (who) wants to see you.有人想要見你。There are many young men who are aga inst him.有許多年輕人反對他。注意：在there be開頭的句子中，要注意be動詞的單、復(fù)數(shù)要與關(guān)系代詞 who后面的謂語動詞的單復(fù)數(shù)保持一致。關(guān)系代詞后有there(here) is (are)關(guān)系代詞可省略。This is the only tie (that) there is in this store.這是這家店里唯一的一個(gè)領(lǐng)-H-hr帶oone of 與 the (only) one of 的區(qū)另UOne o

17、f +復(fù)數(shù)名詞+關(guān)系代詞+動詞的復(fù)數(shù)Tita nic is one of the most won derful movies that have bee n p roduced in Hollywood.泰坦尼克號是好萊塢制作的最精彩的電影The (only) one of +復(fù)數(shù)名詞+關(guān)系代詞+動詞單數(shù)Tita nic is the (only) one of the most won derful movies that has bee n p roduced in Hollywood.泰坦尼克號是好萊塢所制作的唯一一部精彩的電影。Which與as的區(qū)別Which引導(dǎo)的從句，代表前面的整

18、個(gè)主句，此時(shí)，不能放在主句之前。As引導(dǎo)的定語從句，代表整個(gè)主句，它可以放主句之前或之后，as在從句中 做賓語。As everybody know, Taiwa n bel ongs to Chi na.As is known to us, Taiwan belongs to China. 眾所周知，臺灣屬于中國。先行詞是整個(gè)句子的非限定性定語從句置于句尾時(shí)，既可用 as引導(dǎo)，也可 用which引導(dǎo).The teacher is from Beiji ng, as/which they know from his acce nt.他們從老師的口音中就知道他是北京人。Mary lives in

19、an old castle, whose wi ndow faces the sea.=Mary lives in an old castle, the wi ndow of which faces the sea.瑪麗住在一座古老的城堡中，城堡的窗戶面向著大海。限定性定語從句和非限定性定語從句的用法限定性定語從句：對先行詞的內(nèi)容加以限定。非限定性定語從句：對先行詞不加限定，只具有使句子連續(xù)的功能，只用來 說明前面的主句的部份或全部。關(guān)系代詞可用（and/but/because/for等+代名詞）來替換。We have two daughters who became nu rses.我們有兩

20、個(gè)當(dāng)護(hù)士的女兒。（句中沒提到女兒的總數(shù)）We have two daughters, who became nu rses.我們有兩個(gè)女兒，她們都是護(hù) 士。（只有兩個(gè)女兒）=We have two daughters, and they became nu rses.I have a sister who is a teacher.我有一個(gè)當(dāng)老師的姐姐（姐姐不止一個(gè)）=I have a sister, who is a teacher.我有一個(gè)姐姐，她是當(dāng)老師的。（只有一 個(gè)姐姐）I bought a hat, which was too big for me.=I bought a hat,

21、 but it was too big for me.我買了一頂帽子，但我戴太大了。關(guān)系副詞關(guān)系副詞的作用:1.1在定語從句中代替先行詞。1.2在從句中做狀語，起副詞和介詞短語的作用。1.3起連接作用，它把兩個(gè)句子連接成為一個(gè)帶有定語從句的主從復(fù)合句。關(guān)系副詞有下列三種:1.1 where :在從句中做地點(diǎn)狀語，指代地點(diǎn)。（可用于非限定性定語從句）即：表地點(diǎn)的名詞+ where +定語從句1.2 when :在從句中做時(shí)間狀語，指代時(shí)間。（可用于非限定性定語從句）即：表時(shí)間的名詞+ when +定語從句1.3 why :在從句中做原因狀語，指代原因。即： 表原因的名詞reason + why

22、+定語從句Why只用于reason之后的限制性定語從句中，作原因狀語。When, where, why都可以替換成 介詞+ which介詞的選用取決于先行詞 和定語從句中的動詞。This is the house where I was born這就是我出生的那所房子。=This is the house in which I was born.=This is the house which / that /可省 I was born in.關(guān)系副詞when, where既可引導(dǎo)限制性定語從句，也可引導(dǎo)非限必定語從 句。先行詞為reason時(shí)，限制性定語從句可以用 why或for which

23、來引導(dǎo)；非 限制性定從句則只能用for which來引導(dǎo)。I had told them the reas on,I did n't atte nd the meeti ng.For which B. At whichC. For whomD. Why2. I had told them the reas onI did n't atte nd the meet ing.A. WhenB. Which C. WhyD. For thatWhom在限制性定語從句中可以被 who代替，但在非限制性定語從句中, whom不能用who代替。關(guān)系副詞 when 與 where、why、t

24、hat10 / 20when 指時(shí)間 =in / at / on / during whichwhere 指地點(diǎn) 二 in / at / from / whichwhy 指原因二 for which當(dāng)先行詞為way、day、reason、time時(shí)，可用that作關(guān)系副詞。（非正式場合）I don ' t like the way that / in whicfW he talks.我不喜歡他說話的樣子。當(dāng)time作先行詞時(shí)，關(guān)系詞可以省掉。This is the first time I have give n you a less on in French.帶reason的定語從句

25、與表語從句的區(qū)別:定語從句：The reason why (that).表語從句：The reason is that .（不能用why,否則就重復(fù)了）Do you know the reason why he was late?你知道他為什么遲到了嗎?The reason is that I wa nt to in vite you to a p arty.原因就是我想邀請你參加一 個(gè)晚會。關(guān)系副詞和關(guān)系代詞的區(qū)別關(guān)系代詞在從句中作主語或賓語；關(guān)系副詞在從句中作狀語。This is the house where I work now.這就是我現(xiàn)在工作的房子。This is the hous

26、e (that/which) I visited.這就是我參觀過的房子。I'll never forget the day when I joined the army.我永遠(yuǎn)也忘不了我參軍的那 天。rII never forget the day (that/which) we spent together. 我永遠(yuǎn)忘不了我們一 起度過的那一天。such . as .和the same . as .的用法（as在從句中作主語，賓語或表語）such . As .像一樣的橡 之類the same . as .禾口.同樣的My best frie nd is not the same ma

27、n as he was我 最好的朋友和過去不同了。This is the same thi ng as we are in n eed of.這東西和我們所需要的東西是 樣的。This book is n ot such as I exp ect.這不是一本我所希望的書。the same . as .與 the same . That .的用法the same . that .;和.相同（同一）the same . as .;禾 口.相同（同類）兩者都引導(dǎo)定語從句，意思相近或相同，但如果從句中省去謂語時(shí)，必須 用as代替that.He works in the same sho p as /

28、that I do.他和我在同一個(gè)車間干活。She is the same age as you 她和你同歲。注意:This is the same pen that I lost.這支鋼筆就是我丟掉的那一支（指同一支 筆）This is the same kind of pen as I lost .這支鋼筆跟我丟掉的一模一樣（但并不 是原來的那一支）2、必須注意的問題（1）關(guān)系詞作主語時(shí)，從句中謂語的數(shù)。（2）注意區(qū)別定語從句與強(qiáng)調(diào)句。定語從句中關(guān)系詞作從句成分，復(fù)合句。 強(qiáng)調(diào)it無意義，that / who不是引導(dǎo)詞。 強(qiáng)調(diào)it is / was和that / who后如果句子意思講得通

29、則是強(qiáng)調(diào)句，講不通 則不是。(3) 定語從句與同位語從句的區(qū)別。定語從句引導(dǎo)詞被稱為關(guān)系詞，that充當(dāng)主語、賓語、表語。有時(shí)可省 略。同位語從句引導(dǎo)詞被叫做連詞，that不能充當(dāng)任何成分，不可省。Word came that their army was defeated.（同位語）We exp ressed to them our wish that was the same as their.定語）(4) 關(guān)系詞在從句中省略的情況。 關(guān)系詞作賓語，前無介詞時(shí)。 關(guān)系詞作表語。(5) 限制性定語從句與非限制性定語從句的翻譯。(6) 關(guān)系詞前有介詞或復(fù)雜介詞，關(guān)系詞只能是which和whom

30、。(7)幾個(gè)特殊的定語從句句型: He is the only one of the stude nts who has got very good marksi n the match. （句中one為先行詞）He is one of the students who have got good marks in the match.（句中 students為先行詞） Is this p lace the one （that） we visited yesterday?Is this the p lace（that / which）we visited yesterday ? He stoo

31、d at the window, from where he could see what was happening. It may rain, i n which case the match will be put off.精典名題導(dǎo)解I was take n good care of in選擇填空1. The film brought the hours back to me that faraway village. (NMET 2001)A.u ntilB.thatC.whe nD.where22 / 20解析：答案為C。本題考查分隔定語從句的關(guān)系詞的選擇。作好本題的關(guān)鍵 是要能辨

32、認(rèn)出該定語從句的先行詞 the hours和關(guān)系詞被介詞短語to me所分 隔。定語從句的先行詞是表時(shí)間的名詞 hours,并且關(guān)系詞在從句中用作狀語， 故應(yīng)選擇表示時(shí)間的關(guān)系副詞 whe n。2. is known to everybody, the noon travels around the earth onceevery month.(NMET 2001)A.ItB.AsC.ThatD.What解析：答案為B。本題考查as引導(dǎo)的非限制定語從句。as作正如解 時(shí)，引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句來修飾整個(gè)句子。當(dāng)as在從句中作主語時(shí)，常用于下列短語： as is known as is said

33、 as is reported、as is announced等。要注意 掌握作關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)定語從句的用法。3. After livi ng in P airs for fifty years he returned to the small tow n he grew up as a child.(NMET 1996)A.whichB.whereC.thatD.whe n解析：答案為B。本題考查限制性定語從句中關(guān)系詞的選擇。定語從句的先 行詞是表示地點(diǎn)的名詞短語the small tow n,且關(guān)系詞不作定語從句中的主語和 賓語而作地點(diǎn)狀語，因此定語從句必須用關(guān)系副詞 where引導(dǎo)。要注意

34、分清先 行詞在從句中充當(dāng)?shù)某煞?，然后選擇適當(dāng)?shù)年P(guān)系詞。定語從句的干擾”作用定語從句，就其功能來說，在整個(gè)句子中相當(dāng)于一個(gè)形容詞，對某一名詞 或代詞起著修飾作用，作定語。在掌握它的各種功能的同時(shí)，我們還要注意到 含有定語從句的句子在補(bǔ)充信息的同時(shí)，關(guān)系詞與其他連詞容易混淆，尤其是 與其他句式的結(jié)合，更使得整個(gè)句子顯得撲朔迷離，使考生感到無從下手，我 們說此時(shí)定語從句起的是干擾作用。本文結(jié)合具體例子來談此種現(xiàn)象。把定語從句與強(qiáng)調(diào)句型混為一談，從而構(gòu)成相互干擾。本句型變化的特征在被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分或其他部分中找出一個(gè)先行詞，附上修飾 該部分的定語從句，這樣整個(gè)句子結(jié)構(gòu)就變得非常復(fù)雜。例如：1.He was

35、n early drow ned once.Whe n waswas in 1998he was in middle school.A. that; It; whe n B. this; This; whe nC. this; It; that D. that; It; that簡析:本題答案為A。由于定語從句的干擾作用，相當(dāng)一部分考生選了D。這樣就成了 It was in 1998 that he was in middle school這樣就成了一個(gè)強(qiáng)調(diào)句型，意為 是在 他上的中學(xué)”孤立地看本句雖成立，但聯(lián)系上下文來看，卻屬 所問非所答”因?yàn)樯衔膯柕氖?他何時(shí)差點(diǎn)每被淹死？ ”而非 何時(shí)上

36、 的中學(xué)”原來when是關(guān)系副詞，引導(dǎo)定語從句，修98。定語從句 when he was in middle school干擾了強(qiáng)調(diào)句型中的that結(jié) 構(gòu)。在下面的兩個(gè)句子里，劃線部分均為起干擾性的定語從句。2. It was in the village where he was born that he spent his childhood.簡析:劃線部分為定語從句，修飾先行詞village。簡析:劃線部分作定語從句修飾先行詞time。本題中有兩個(gè)that，最大的 誤會就是把二者弄混，第一個(gè)that是強(qiáng)調(diào)句型中的；第二個(gè)that是關(guān)系代詞引 導(dǎo)定語從句的。因其作spent的賓語，可以省去

37、。定語從句干擾主句的謂語。4. The letter we were looking forward toyesterday.簡析:由于同學(xué)們已經(jīng)記得很熟，look forward to doing sth（期待去做某事）, to為介詞，因此不假思索就選 A。其實(shí)，we were looking forward to為定語從 句，修飾先行詞即主語letter，介詞to的賓語實(shí)為主語，而不能對其后的謂語 起任何作用，結(jié)合時(shí)態(tài)用法，答案為 B。再如：5. Was the car he had rep aired?簡析:本句看似復(fù)雜，尤其是受思維習(xí)慣的影響把he had rep aired連在一起，

38、其實(shí)去掉定語從句 he had則水落石出：Was the car rep aired?定語從句對和名詞性從句的相互干擾。由于形式上的近似，定語從句對名詞性從句起著干擾作用，造成考生分不 清究竟是定語從句或是名詞性從句。做此類題時(shí)要慎重，細(xì)心。A .定語從句干擾表語從句6. Is this schoolyour father worked in ten years ago?7. Is this schoolyour father worked ten years ago?A. where B. what C. that D. the one簡析:看了半天，眼睛發(fā)酸，才發(fā)現(xiàn)兩題只有一詞（in）之差

39、，正是這一詞之差，第一題選 D, your father worked in作定語從句修飾the one;第二題選A, where引導(dǎo)后面的句子作表語從句。F面兩句都是定語從句，只不過是關(guān)系詞的不同。8. Is this the school that your father visited ten years ago?0.1.B.定語從句干擾同位語從句9. Is this the school where your father worked ten years ago?有時(shí)雖同為定語從句，但修飾的先行詞卻不同:Is this room the one he lived in last ye

40、ar?（修飾 the one）Is this the room he lived in last year?（修飾 the room）2.you should do it at once is not the oneThe suggesti ongave you.A. what; which B. which; what C. that; that D. which; that簡析:定語從句與前面的名詞是修飾與被修飾的關(guān)系，而同位語從句是用 來說明前面名詞的內(nèi)容。與that從句同位的名詞必須是一些表事實(shí)或概念的抽 象名詞，女口 fact, news, belief, truth, reply

41、, promise, suggestion等。that 在定語從 句中做成分，可用 which或who/whom代替；而that在同位語從句中不充當(dāng)任 何句子成分，只起連接作用，綜上所述，答案為C試比較：3. We all have heard the news that our team won.（同位語從句，that 從句表 示news的內(nèi)容，that在此只起連接作用，不作句子成分。）4. We don' t believe the news that/ which he told us the other day定語從 句，關(guān)系代詞that/which作told的賓語，可以省去）

42、C.定語從句干擾主語從句5. As is known to all, Taiwan is part of China.簡析:as引導(dǎo)非限定性定語從句，指代主句內(nèi)容，可放在主句前，用逗號 與之隔開。6. It is known to all that Taiwan is part of China.簡析:it作形式主語，代替that引導(dǎo)的主語從句。F面是一些同類的例子，請認(rèn)真把握:7.The suggesti on he thought of was reason able.定語從句）8.The suggesti on was that he （should） leave immediately

43、.（表語從句）9.The suggesti on that he leave immediately is reason able.同位語從句）0.It is my suggestion that he leave immediately.主語從句）1.It is a fact that he was a thief.（主語從句）2.The fact that he was a thief surp rised every one pr ese nt.（同位語從句）3.I n early forgot the fact that he told me yesterday.（定語從句）4.The

44、 war and suffering it caused affected him greatly.（定語從句）四、定語從句對狀語從句的干擾作用。5. He isa clever boywe all like him.A. such; that B. such; as C. so; that D. so; as簡析:本題選A。許多考生對such結(jié)構(gòu)很熟悉，但沒有深入分析 as 的引導(dǎo)功能和在句子中所作的成分而誤選B。由于句中him的存在，不能使用as,這是suchthat引導(dǎo)的結(jié)果狀語從句。試比較下列兩句：6. He is such a good stude nt as is liked by every one定語從句）7. He is such a good stude nt that he is liked by every one.（結(jié)果狀語從句）F面這個(gè)題把定語從句和結(jié)果狀語從句有機(jī)地結(jié)合在一起，請欣賞:8. It is such a good place well known all over the world.everybody wants to go and visitit isA. that; that B. as; as C. as; that D. that; as簡析:此類試題可看作一個(gè)模式：“suc名+