中考英語被動(dòng)語態(tài)

1、1/ 81.被動(dòng)語態(tài)中謂語動(dòng)詞的基本構(gòu)成：be + done2.八種時(shí)態(tài)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)：（變 be 的時(shí)態(tài)即可， done 不動(dòng)）1）一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)： am / is / are + done People grow rice in the south of the country.Rice is grow n in the south of the coun try.稻米在這個(gè)國(guó)家的南部被種植。 The school doesnt allow us to enter the chemistry lab without a teacher. We are not allowed to enter th

2、e chemistry lab without a teacher. 我們不被允許在沒有老師的情況下進(jìn)入化學(xué)實(shí)驗(yàn)室。2） 一般過去時(shí)： was / were + done1They agreed on the buildi ng of a new car factory last mon th.The building of a new car factory was agreed on last month.建立一個(gè)新的汽車工廠在上個(gè)月被一致同意。2The students didnt forget their lessons easily. Their lessons were not e

3、asily forgotten.他們的功課沒有被輕易遺忘。3） 一般將來時(shí)： will + be done They will send cars abroad by sea.2/ 8 Cars will be sent abroad by sea.汽車通過海路被送到國(guó)外。 They will give plenty of jobs to school -leavers.Pie nty of jobs will be give n to schoolleavers.大量的工作將被提供給中途輟學(xué)者。4） 一般過去將來時(shí)： would + be done1The manager said they

4、 would complete the project by the end of theyear. The manager said the project would be completed by the end of the year.經(jīng)理說這項(xiàng)工程將會(huì)在年底被完成。2The workers told me they would mend the car as soon as possible. The workers told me that the car would be mended as soon as possible. 這些工人告訴我這輛汽車將盡可能快的被修理。5） 現(xiàn)在

5、進(jìn)行時(shí)： am / is / are + being + done1The radio is broadcasting English lessons. English lessons are being broadcasted on the radio.英語課正在通過收音機(jī)被廣播。2We are painting the rooms. The rooms are being painted.這些房間正在被刷油漆。6） 過去進(jìn)行時(shí)： was / were + being + done3/ 8 The workers were mending the road. The road was bei

6、ng mended.這條公路正在被修理。 This time last year we were planting trees here.Trees were being pla nted here this time last year. 去年這個(gè)時(shí)候，這些樹正在這里被植。7） 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)： have / has + been + done1Someone has told me the sports meeting might be put off. I have been toldthe sports meeting might be put off. 我已經(jīng)被告訴會(huì)議可能會(huì)被延遲。2H

7、e has brought his book here. His book has been brought here. 他的書被帶到了這里。8） 過去完成時(shí)： had + been + done1When I got to the theatre, I found they had already sold out the tickets. When I got to the theatre, I found the tickets had already been sold out. 當(dāng)我到達(dá)劇院時(shí)，我發(fā)現(xiàn)票已經(jīng)被賣完了。2The whole country was very sad at

8、 the news of his death; people hadconsidered him to be agreat leader. The whole country was very sad at the news of his death; he had beenconsidered to be a greatleader.整個(gè)國(guó)家聽到他死亡的消息都很悲痛；他被認(rèn)為是一個(gè)偉大的領(lǐng)袖。3 .含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語態(tài)：情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 + be+ done4/ 81You must hand in your compositions after class. Your compositions

9、must be handed in after class.你的作文必須在下課之后被上交。2He can write a great many letters with the computer.A great many letters can be written with the computer by him. 很多信能夠被他用計(jì)算機(jī)寫。4. 被動(dòng)語態(tài)的使用情況：1）當(dāng)不知道或沒有必要指出動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者時(shí)，這時(shí)往往不用by 短語?！?Mr. White, the cup was broken after class.”xx 先生，這只茶杯是下課后被打碎的。2突出或強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的承受者，如果需要

10、說出動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者，用by 短語。These records were made by John Denver.這些報(bào)道是被約翰 xx 做的。5. 主動(dòng)語態(tài)變被動(dòng)語態(tài)的方法：1）把主動(dòng)語態(tài)的賓語變成被動(dòng)語態(tài)的主語。2） 把主動(dòng)語態(tài)的謂語變成被動(dòng)語態(tài)的 be +過去分詞，時(shí)態(tài)要與原句保持 致。3）把主動(dòng)語態(tài)的主語變?yōu)榻樵~ by 的賓語，放在被動(dòng)語態(tài)里謂語動(dòng)詞之 后，by短語可以省略。My aunt invited me to her dinner party.I was invited （by my aunt ）to her dinner party.我被（我 xx）邀請(qǐng)到她的晚宴。The sch

11、ool set up a special class to help poor readers.5/ 8A special class to help poor readers was set up in the school.在學(xué)校，一個(gè)幫助貧困閱讀者的特殊的班級(jí)被建立。6. 語態(tài)轉(zhuǎn)換時(shí)應(yīng)注意的問題：1）把主動(dòng)語態(tài)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)，其謂語動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)要與原句時(shí)態(tài)保持一 致，其謂語動(dòng)詞的數(shù)要與新主語保持一致。 We have bought a new computer.TA new computer has been bought.正確）A new computer have bee n boug

12、ht.（錯(cuò)誤）一臺(tái)新的計(jì)算機(jī)已經(jīng)被買了。2）含有雙賓語的主動(dòng)句變被動(dòng)句時(shí)，可分別將其中的一個(gè)賓語變?yōu)橹髡Z， 另一個(gè)不動(dòng)，一般變間接賓語為主語時(shí)比較多。My uncle gave me a present on my birthday.tI was given a present on my birthday.我在生日時(shí)被給了一個(gè)禮物。如果把直接賓語 （指物 ）改為主語，則在間接賓語 （指人 ）前加適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~，如 上句還可以說tA present was given to me yesterday.一個(gè)禮物昨天被給了我。3）由動(dòng)詞 +介詞或副詞構(gòu)成的短語動(dòng)詞，要把它們作為整體看，即把它們 看成一

13、個(gè)及物動(dòng)詞，介詞或副詞不可拆開或漏掉。The patient is being operated on.病人正在被進(jìn)行手術(shù)。The problem is solved. It neednt be talked about.問題唄解決了。它不需要被談?wù)摿恕?/ 8His request was turned down.他的請(qǐng)求被拒絕了。The sports meet will be put off because of the bad weather. 由于惡劣的天氣，運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)將會(huì)被延遲。4）帶復(fù)合賓語 （賓語 +賓補(bǔ) ）的動(dòng)詞改為被動(dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)，一般把主動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)中的賓 語改為主語，而賓語補(bǔ)足語保留在謂

14、語動(dòng)詞后面。We always keep the classroom clean.The classroom is alwaykept clea n.這間教室總是被保持干凈。She told us to follow her instructions. We were told to follow her instructions. 我們被告訴要遵循她的指示。注意：在 see, watch, hear, notice, listen to, look at, make, feel 等動(dòng)詞后作賓 語補(bǔ)足語的動(dòng)詞不定式都不帶 to ，但改成被動(dòng)語態(tài)后必須還原 to。We often hear hi

15、m play the guitar.He is often heard to play the guitar.他經(jīng)常被聽到彈 xx。5）當(dāng)主動(dòng)句的主語是 nobody, no one 等含有否定意義的不定代詞時(shí)，被動(dòng) 句中將其變?yōu)?anybody,作 by 的賓語，并將謂語動(dòng)詞變?yōu)榉穸ǖ谋粍?dòng)語態(tài)。Nobody can answer this question.誤： The question can be answered by nobody. 正： The question can not beanswered by anybody.7/ 8這個(gè)問題不能被任何人回答6）當(dāng)否定句中的賓語是 an

16、ything, anybody, anyone 等不定代詞時(shí)，在被動(dòng) 句中應(yīng)將其分別變?yōu)?nothing,nobody, no one 作主語，并將謂語動(dòng)詞變?yōu)榭隙ǖ?被動(dòng)語態(tài)。They havent done anything to make the river clean.誤： Anything hasnt been done to make the river clean.正： Nothing has been done to make the river clean.沒有什么可以被做來使河流清潔。7）以 who 為主語開頭的疑問句，變被動(dòng)時(shí)，用 by whom 放在句首。Who wro

17、te the story?誤： Who was the story written?正： By whom was the story written?這個(gè)故事是被誰寫的。8）有些動(dòng)詞既是及物又是不及物，當(dāng)它們和well, badly, easily 等副詞連用時(shí)，表示主語內(nèi)在品質(zhì)或性能，是不及物動(dòng)詞，用主動(dòng)表示被動(dòng)，這時(shí)不用被 動(dòng)語態(tài)，常見的有： write, read, clea n, sell, wash, cook 等。The cloth washes easily 這布很好洗。The new product sells well 這新產(chǎn)品很暢銷。The books sell well 這些書銷量很好。9）下列情況主動(dòng)句不能改為被動(dòng)句。 感官系動(dòng)詞一般用主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義，如： feel， look, seem, taste,sound。Do you like the material?（爾喜歡這種材料嗎？8/ 8Y es, it feels very soft 是的，它摸上去非常柔軟。2不及物動(dòng)詞沒有被動(dòng)語態(tài)，如：rise, happen, succeed, remain, lie 等。When we go