形容詞和副詞

1、形容詞和副詞一、學(xué)習(xí)目標(biāo)：知識目標(biāo)：1. 了解形容詞和副詞的構(gòu)成方法； 2. 掌握形容詞和副詞在句子中的位置；3. 掌握形容詞和副詞的基本用法； 能力目標(biāo)：能夠正確地使用形容詞和副詞。情感目標(biāo)：幫助同學(xué)們進(jìn)行知識的歸納總結(jié)，拓寬知識面。二、重點(diǎn)、難點(diǎn)：1. 形容詞作表語、賓語補(bǔ)足語和修飾不定代詞的用法；2. 副詞修飾動詞作狀語；3. 形容詞、副詞的比較等級。三、考情分析：近年來，全國各地的中考英語試題對形容詞和副詞的考查主要集中在以下四方面：1. 對形容詞的考查重點(diǎn)是比較等級的用法，其作表語、賓語補(bǔ)足語和修飾不定代詞的用法；2. -ing形式與-ed形式形容詞的辨析；3. 對副詞的考查重點(diǎn)是副

2、詞修飾動詞作狀語，以及副詞的比較級與最高級；4. 形容詞與副詞在語境中的詞義辨析等。四、知能提升：（一）知識講解形容詞用來修飾名詞，表示人或事物的性質(zhì)、狀態(tài)和特征的詞叫形容詞。、形容詞的構(gòu)成：1. 本身即為形容詞的詞（如red, glad, nice, beautiful）2. 由“名詞+y”構(gòu)成的形容詞sunsunny windwindy funfunny cloudcloudynoisenoisy lucklucky3. 加后綴構(gòu)成的形容詞（如-able, -ent, -en, -al, -ful, -less等）comfortcomfortable nationnational wood

3、wooden differdifferent carecareful hopehopeless4. 由“名詞+ly”構(gòu)成的形容詞：friendfriendly、形容詞的用法及位置<一>作定語形容詞修飾名詞時(shí)放于名詞之前；修飾不定代詞時(shí)，放于不定代詞之后。如：1. What beautiful flowers！2. The nice girl is my sister. 3. He wants to do something different this time. 4. I have something important to tell you. 【考題鏈接】Shirley ha

4、s done a lot for the tourists. She is really a (help) guide.答案：helpful解題思路：guide“導(dǎo)游”，是一個(gè)名詞，其前應(yīng)用形容詞作定語來修飾。As we know, Liu Xiang is a （成功的）player. 答案：successful解題思路：句意“眾所周知，劉翔是一個(gè)成功的運(yùn)動員”。player是一個(gè)名詞，前面“成功的”應(yīng)該用形容詞形式，形容詞作定語來修飾名詞。<二>作表語在be動詞、感官動詞taste（嘗起來），smell（聞起來），sound（聽起來），look（看起來），feel（摸上去）以及

5、become, get, turn,grow等系動詞后用形容詞作表語。如：He is young. She looks happy today.The food tastes delicious. 【考題鏈接】The old woman looked （著急的）because she couldnt find her purse.答案：worried解題思路：句意“那位老太太看上去很著急，因?yàn)樗也坏剿腻X包了”。look在本句中是感官動詞，意為“看起來”，其后要接形容詞作表語。The dish smells and youd better throw it away.A. good B. w

6、ell C. bad D. badly答案：C解題思路：句意“這道菜聞起來味道不好，你最好把它扔掉”。smell在本句中是感官動詞，意為“聞起來”，其后要接形容詞作表語。D. badly副詞；B. well作形容詞，表示“身體好的”，作副詞，表示“好的”，不合題意；A. good形容詞“好的”，不合題意。所以選C。<三>作賓語補(bǔ)足語放在賓語之后，常與make, leave, keep等動詞連用。如：You should keep your room clean every day. What makes you sad? Dont leave the door open when

7、you go out. 【考題鏈接】Your room is very dirty. You should keep it .A. clean B. dry C. quiet答案：A解題思路：根據(jù)句意“你的房間很臟。你應(yīng)該保持它的干凈”。可知選A。keep + 賓語+ 形容詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語。<四>形容詞的順序1、冠詞/代詞+形容詞+名詞：a beautiful girl一個(gè)漂亮的女孩 an excellent musician一個(gè)卓越的音樂家 your favourite music你最喜歡的音樂2、形容詞的后置：1) 當(dāng)名詞前面有表示量度的詞或詞組時(shí)，形容詞要放在所修飾的名詞后面。

8、當(dāng)量度詞組與形容詞一起構(gòu)成合成詞，并在句中作定語，需要放在名詞前面London is a city about two thousand years old.倫敦是一個(gè)大約有兩千年歷史的城市。=London is about a two-thousand-year-old city.Last year we built a building thirteen storeys high.去年我們蓋了一棟十三層的高樓。=Last year we built a thirteen-storey-high building.2) 帶有表示量度的詞或詞組作表語時(shí)，形容詞要后置。The bridge is

9、 a hundred meters long.這座橋長達(dá)一百米。The building is thirteen storeys high.這座建筑有十三層高。3) 一些形容詞或形容詞詞組常放在句首或句尾，作狀語。He returned home, tired and hungry.他又累又餓地回到了家。Cold and hungry, she walked in the street.她走在街道上，又冷又餓。、-ing形式與-ed形式形容詞的辨析-ed形容詞多形容人的情緒或感受，主語一般是人。-ing形容詞多形容客觀事物體現(xiàn)在外的性質(zhì)，主語或修飾的詞一般是物。【考題鏈接】Nancy does

10、nt enjoy her job anymore. Shes because every day she does exactly the same thing.A. relaxing B. relaxed C. boring D. bored答案：D解題思路：-ed形容詞的主語一般是人，-ing形容詞的主語或它所修飾的詞一般是物。首先排除A和C；根據(jù)前句意思“Nancy不再喜歡她的工作”，可判斷是“厭煩了”，因此選D。IV. 形容詞的特殊用法有些形容詞可以和定冠詞the連用，表示一類人或事物。這時(shí)，它相當(dāng)于一個(gè)名詞，可以作主語或賓語。表示一類人時(shí)，看作復(fù)數(shù)；表示一類事物是，看作單數(shù)。the

11、young年輕人the aged老人the sick病人the deaf聾啞人the blind盲人the smooth順利的事the impossible不可能的事Bobin hated the rich and love th poor.The wounded/old are well looked after.We all love the beautiful.即學(xué)即練1. Look! How the boys are!Yes. They won the game this afternoon.A. exciting B. excitement C. excite D. excited

12、2. Who left the windows ?A. open B. opening C. opened D. opens3. Mum, Bill is coming to dinner this evening.OK. Lets give him to eat. A. something different B. different anything C. anything different D. different something4. The sea looks very when the sun is shining on it.A. beautiful B. more beau

13、tiful C. the most beautiful 5. She told us a story. Her voice sounded .A. sweet B. small C. clearly D. sadly6. George was frightened to see a snake in the grass. His face turned .A. pale B. clean C. sadly D. happily7. Harry Potter is an book for children, but my cousin isnt in it at all. A. interest

14、ing; interesting B. interested; interestedC. interesting; interested D. interested; interesting8. I like working here because everyone is (friend).9. The Greens are (happy) to live in this (noise) street. They want to move to another place. 10. Susan often goes swimming in summer when its warm and （

15、sun）.副詞修飾動詞、形容詞、其他副詞或句子，說明時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、程度、方式等概念的詞稱為副詞。、副詞的分類：1. 時(shí)間副詞（1）表示何時(shí)：now, today等 （表現(xiàn)在）then, yesterday, last night, ago, just now, a moment ago等（表過去）tomorrow, next week, tonight等（表將來）這類副詞是確定動詞時(shí)態(tài)的標(biāo)志，是解題的突破口。（2）表示頻度：always, usually, often, sometimes, never, every day, hardly, twice a week等。（3）表示其他時(shí)間關(guān)系：

16、already, early, since, still, at once, at first, at last等。2. 地點(diǎn)副詞here, there, home, upstairs, downstairs, somewhere等。3. 方式副詞一般用來回答“怎樣地”這類問題，像well, hard, slowly等。4. 程度副詞多用于修飾形容詞、副詞、動詞或介詞短語。常見的有much, a little, a bit, very, too, enough, quite等。5. 疑問副詞how, when, where, why用于引導(dǎo)一個(gè)特殊疑問句，提出疑問。另有由how組成的疑問副詞短

17、語how often, how far, how soon, how long, how much等。、副詞的構(gòu)成1. 本身即為副詞：now, very, there, how, too, well等。2. 與形容詞形式相同的副詞：early, late, high, wide等。3. 由“形容詞+ly”構(gòu)成的副詞：slowslowly quickquickly clearclearly badbadly4. 一些形容詞本身即可作副詞，而加ly之后也為副詞，但意義不同。如：hard努力地，狠狠地 hardly 幾乎不；wide寬地 widely廣泛地；high高高地 highly高度地His

18、parents hit him hard.His parents hardly hit him.5. 有些以ly結(jié)尾的詞是形容詞，而不是副詞。如：friendly（友好的）；lonely（孤獨(dú)的）；lovely（可愛的）6. 有些形容詞和副詞同形因?yàn)檫@類詞的形容詞和副詞同形，所以要看它在句中具體修飾什么詞來判斷它到底是形容詞還是副詞。This kind of wood is hard. 這種木材硬。He studies hard.他努力學(xué)習(xí)。He looks well. 看起來他身體不錯(cuò)。He works well. 他工作得很好。、副詞在句中的作用<一>作狀語：修飾形容詞或動詞H

19、e works hard. Its raining heavily. You are quite right. The boy is too young. 【考題鏈接】Hand-foot-mouth disease is terrible, but I believe that we Chinese can beat it （成功地）.答案：successfully解題思路：副詞在謂語動詞之后作狀語。Hes so strong that he can carry the box （容易地）.答案：easily解題思路：副詞在謂語動詞之后作狀語。<二>作定語：少數(shù)地點(diǎn)副詞和時(shí)間速記可

20、以作定語，放在所修飾詞的后面。副詞作定語和介詞短語作定語一樣，一律后置。The students here are all from Tianjin.The students in the room are all from Tianjin.<三>作表語：作表語的副詞多數(shù)是表示位置的，如in, out, on, back, down, up, lff, upstair等。Is he in?Whats on this evening?My mother has been away for a week.、副詞的位置1. 一般副詞作狀語時(shí)，放在謂語動詞之后。如果謂語動詞后帶賓語，則放在

21、賓語后面。He is jumping happily.The boy is doing his homework carefully.2. 地點(diǎn)副詞、時(shí)間副詞和方式副詞一般放在句尾。They live here.Ill meet him at the station tomorrow. The boy runs quickly.They did their experiments carefully in the lab yesterday. 3. 頻率副詞在句中的位置在be動詞、情態(tài)動詞、助動詞之后，行為動詞之前。She is always kind to us.I can never fo

22、rget the day.The work has never been done.He often goes to school early. 練一練 A: I didnt know you take a bus to school. B: Oh, I take a bus, but it is snowing today.A. hardlyB. neverC. sometimesD.usually “非常，很”very用于修飾原級：very big非常大much用于修飾比較級：much bigger大得多very much修飾動詞：I like English very much.我很喜歡

23、英語。 4. 程度副詞在句中的位置1）修飾動詞時(shí)，位置與頻度副詞的情況相似。He is almost forty years old.He can hardly understand you.I quite like the boy.2） 修飾形容詞、副詞時(shí)，程度副詞位于它所修飾的詞的前面。只有enough 修飾形容詞、副詞時(shí)，要放在所修飾詞之后。He tudies much harder now.The room is big enough to hold fifty persons.He runs fast enough.5. 修飾全句的副詞一般位于句首，用來修飾整個(gè)句子，表示說話人對話語

24、的態(tài)度。Luckily, she was in when I called. 【考題鏈接】Dont worry. He is to look after little Betty.A. carefully enough B. enough careful C. careful enough D. enough carefully答案：C解題思路：enough 作副詞修飾形容詞或副詞時(shí)，要放在所修飾詞的后面，所以排除B和D?？瞻滋幥懊媸莃e動詞，因此應(yīng)該填形容詞。故選C。即學(xué)即練1. Look, its raining .Thats great. Its too hot these days.

25、A. greatlyB. heavilyC. quicklyD. hardly2. the weather was not so wet as it is today and we played happily.A. LuckyB. LuckilyC. UnluckyD. Unluckily3. Im sure Ive seen him , but I cant remember the right place. A. anywhere B. nowhereC. somewhereD. everywhere4. I didnt sleep last night. I feel tired no

26、w.A. wellB. niceC. fineD. good 5. Mr Li is very popular among the students.Yes. His classes are lively and interesting.A. alwaysB. sometimesC. hardlyD. never 6. Mum, I think Im to get back to school.Oh, dear. Youd better stay at home for another day or two.A. so wellB. so goodC. well enoughD. good e

27、nough 7. Though he studied at Russian for ten months, he can still speak the language.A. hard; hard B. hardly; hardlyC. hard; hardlyD. hardly; hard8. do you like the movie?Very interesting.A. HowB. WhoC. WhatD. When 、形容詞和副詞的級大多數(shù)形容詞和副詞有原級、比較級和最高級。原級即形容詞或副詞的原形，比較級和最高級的構(gòu)成如下：1. 規(guī)則變化類別構(gòu)成方法原級比較級最高級單音節(jié)詞和少數(shù)

28、雙音節(jié)詞一般直接加-er，-estlongtalllongertallerlongesttallest以不發(fā)音的e結(jié)尾時(shí)加-r，-stlatelargelaterlargerlatestlargest以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾時(shí)，把y變i，再加-er，-esteasy happyeasierhappiereasiesthappiest以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾且末尾只有一個(gè)輔音字母時(shí)，雙寫最后的輔音字母，再加-er，-estbighotbiggerhotterbiggesthottest多音節(jié)詞和部分雙音節(jié)詞在原級前加more，mostcarefulmore carefulmost carefulbeautif

29、ulmore beautifulmost beautiful2. 以ly結(jié)尾的副詞，除early外，比較級、最高級都用在其前加more，most的形式。原級比較級最高級earlyearlierearliestslowlymore slowlymost slowlyquicklymore quicklymost quicklybravelymore bravelymost bravely3. 不規(guī)則變化。原級比較級最高級good / wellbetterbestmany / muchmore mostlittlelessleastbad /badly /illworseworstoldolder

30、（年紀(jì)較大的）elder（較年長的）oldest（年紀(jì)最大的）eldest（最年長的）farfarther（較遠(yuǎn)）further（進(jìn)一步）farthest（最遠(yuǎn)）furthest（最大限度）*有些副詞沒有比較等級的變化，如：now, never, then, here, always, how、形容詞、副詞原級的用法：1. 說明人或事物自身的特征、性質(zhì)或狀態(tài)時(shí)用原級。The flowers in the garden are beautiful. He runs fast.2. 有表示絕對概念的副詞very, too, so, enough, quite 等修飾時(shí)，用原級。 The boy i

31、s too young. He plays the piano very well.3. 表示A與B 在某一方面程度相同或不同時(shí)用形容詞或副詞的原級。asascan和asas possible表示“盡可能”Ill arrive as early as I can.=Ill arrive as early as possible.I will write you back as quickly as I can.=I will write you back as quickly as possible.肯定句中的結(jié)構(gòu)：“A+ as +形容詞/副詞原級 + as + B”。Tom is as ta

32、ll as Jack.He runs as fast as I.否定句中的結(jié)構(gòu)：“A+ not+as/so +形容詞/副詞原級 + as + B”。I dont do my homework as (so) carefully as you.She isnt as (so) careful as you. 否定句的結(jié)構(gòu)相當(dāng)于less +形容詞/副詞原級+ than。 This movie is less interesting than that one. 、形容詞/副詞比較級的用法1. 表示兩者進(jìn)行比較時(shí)用形容詞或副詞的比較級，其結(jié)構(gòu)為“A + 比較級+than + B”。表示“A比B更”。

33、如：This room is bigger than that one. I am taller than you.注意：為了避免重復(fù)，在從句中常用the one, that, those等詞來替代前面出現(xiàn)過的名詞。其中the one替代可數(shù)名詞的單數(shù)形式，the ones或those替代可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式，that 替代不可數(shù)名詞。如：In winter, the weather of Beijing is colder than that of ShanghaiThe students of Class One study harder than those of Class Two.2.

34、 前面有表示程度的副詞a little, a bit, a lot, much, even, far等修飾時(shí)，用形容詞/副詞的比較級。Its much warmer today.This problem is a lot more difficult than that one. 3. 表示兩者之間“哪一個(gè)更”時(shí)，用句型“Which/Who is +形容詞/副詞比較級，A or B?”表示。如：Which is bigger, an elephant or a panda? Who is taller, Mike or Ted? 4. 表示“兩者之中比較的一個(gè)(of the two)”時(shí)，常用

35、“the + 比較級”結(jié)構(gòu)。如：Bob is the taller of the two boys.5. 表示“越來越”時(shí)，用比較級的重疊結(jié)構(gòu)，即“比較級+ and + 比較級”，多音節(jié)詞和部分雙音節(jié)詞用“more and more + 原級”的結(jié)構(gòu)。如：The weather is getting warmer and warmer. Our country is becoming more and more beautiful. 6. 表示“越就越”時(shí)，用“the + 比較級， the +比較級”結(jié)構(gòu)。如：The more you eat, the fatter you will be.T

36、he more you study, the more you know.、形容詞/副詞最高級的用法1. 表示三者或三者以上的人或物進(jìn)行比較時(shí)，用最高級形式。形容詞最高級前必須加定冠詞the，副詞的最高級前可不加。句末常接一個(gè)in/of短語來表示范圍。Whats the best sport in summer? Li Dong sings best of the four boys. 2. 表示在三者或三者以上的人或物中進(jìn)行選擇時(shí)，用“Which/Who is the +最高級，A, B or C?”結(jié)構(gòu)。如：Which is the most beautiful, Beijing, Sha

37、nghai or Guangzhou? 3. 表示“最的之一”時(shí)，用“one of the +形容詞最高級+可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)”結(jié)構(gòu)。如：Zhou Jielun is one of the most popular singers. 4. 形容詞最高級前可以加序數(shù)詞，表示“第幾最”。如：The Yellow River is the second longest river in China. 5. 形容詞最高級前有物主代詞、指示代詞、名詞所有格等修飾時(shí)，不能再用定冠詞the。如：Li Ming is my best friend. 6. 形容詞比較級結(jié)構(gòu)可以表示最高級含義。如：Li Lei is the tallest stu