（精選）非謂語動詞胡爾倩高一

1、非謂語動詞 一、分詞、不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語的區(qū)別1感官動詞see, watch, observe, look at, hear, listen to, notice 等和使役動詞have 后面的賓補(bǔ)有三種形式，即原形動詞（不帶to 的不定式）、現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞?，F(xiàn)在分詞表主動或正在進(jìn)行，過去分詞表被動或完成，動詞原形表主動和完成。如：I heard her sing an English song just now. 剛才我聽見她唱了一首英文歌。I heard her singing and English song when I passed by her room yesterday.昨天

2、經(jīng)過她房間時(shí)，我聽見她在唱英文歌。I heard the English song sung many times.我多次聽到有人唱這首英文歌。注意：不及物動詞的過去分詞作賓補(bǔ)表完成和狀態(tài)。如：I looked down at my neck and found my necklace gone. (狀態(tài))I was surprised to find my hometown changed so much. (完成)2leave 后接三種形式作賓補(bǔ)時(shí)，其中的leave 保留了原來之義“留下”，但表達(dá)的確切之義應(yīng)是“使處于某種狀態(tài)）。leave sb. doing sth. 讓某人一直做某事（

3、賓語和賓補(bǔ)之間是主謂關(guān)系，表示動作正在進(jìn)行。）leave sth. undone 留下某事未做（賓語和賓補(bǔ)之間是動賓關(guān)系，表示被動和完成，一般以undone, unfinished, unsettled, untouched 為多）leave sb. to do sth. 留下某人做某事leave sth. to be done 留下某事要做（不定式表示將來的動作。）如：Its wrong of you to leave the machine running. 你讓機(jī)器一直開著是不對的。（主動，正在進(jìn)行）The guests left most of the dishes untouched

4、, because they didnt taste delicious. 客人們沒有動大部分菜，因?yàn)樗鼈儑L起來不可口。（被動，完成）He left, leaving me to do all the rest work. 他走了，留下我一人去做剩余的工所有工作。（主動，將來）We hurriedly ended our meeting, leaving many problems to be settled. 我們匆匆忙忙導(dǎo)結(jié)束了會議，留下了很多問題等待解決。（被動，將來）3have, get 后接三種形式作賓補(bǔ)時(shí)，其中heave, get 表示“使、讓、叫”之意。 have sth. do

5、ne = get sth. done “使/讓某事由別人去做”（叫/讓某人做某事）。如Ill have /get my bike repaired tomorrow.此外，have sth. done 還表示“使遭受”之意。如Tom had his leg broken while playing football.Mr. Smith had his house broken into while he was away on holiday. have sb. / sth. doing 使/讓某人/物持續(xù)地做某事（現(xiàn)在分詞表示主動，正在進(jìn)行）get sb. / sth. doing 使某人/

6、物開始行動起來如：The peasants had the tractor working day and night at the harvest time. 農(nóng)忙時(shí)，農(nóng)民們讓拖拉機(jī)夜以繼日地干活。The captain got the soldiers moving toward the front after a short rest. 休息了片刻之后，上尉讓士兵們開始朝前線行進(jìn)起來。注意：“have sb. doing”若用于否定句中，其中have 有“容忍”之意。如：I wont have you speaking to your parents like that.我不會讓你那樣子

7、跟你的父母說話。Dont have the water running all the time. 不要讓水流個不停。 have sb. do sth. (get sb. to do sth. ) 使/讓/叫某人去做某事如：Mother had me go to the shop and buy some salt. I cant get him to stop smoking. He wont listen to me. 三、不定式、現(xiàn)在分詞作賓補(bǔ)小竅門下列動詞后在主動語態(tài)中用不帶to 的不定式作補(bǔ)語，但在被動語態(tài)中要加上to：它們是“吾看三室兩廳一感覺”5看（look at, see, w

8、atch, notice, observe）；3使（make, let, have）；2聽（listen to, hear）；1感覺（fell）。以上動詞還可用現(xiàn)在分詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語（5+3+2+1-2+4）：即以上動詞除let, make 外都可以用現(xiàn)在分詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語，此外find, catch, keep, lave 也可以用現(xiàn)在分詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語。如：At that time, I found him crying in the street. He was caught stealing. Im sorry to have kept you waiting for such a long

9、 time. The missing boys were last seen playing near the river. 二、分詞作定語1作定語的及物動詞分詞形式為：V ing; being + 過去分詞；過去分刻畫 。當(dāng)被修飾的名詞與分詞為主動關(guān)系時(shí)，用V ing；當(dāng)被修飾的名詞與分詞為被動關(guān)系且表正在進(jìn)行時(shí)，用being + 過去分詞；當(dāng)被修飾的名詞與分詞為被動關(guān)系且表完成時(shí)，用過去分詞。例如：The houses being built are for the teachers. The broken glass is Toms. I have never seen a more m

10、oving movie. 2作定語的不及物動詞分詞形式為：V ing 和過去分詞。V ing 表示正在進(jìn)行；過去分詞表示已經(jīng)完成。如：falling leaves 正落的葉子 fallen leaves 落下的葉子boiling water 正沸騰的水 boiled water 沸騰過的水（白開水）三、不定式、過去分詞和現(xiàn)在分詞被動式作定語的區(qū)別這三種形式作定語，主要是體現(xiàn)在動作的發(fā)生時(shí)間上。過去分詞表示的動作或是在謂語所表示的動作之前發(fā)生，或是沒有一定的時(shí)間性。如：Have you read the novel written by Dickens ?He is man loved and

11、respected by all. Dont use words, expressions, or phrases known only to people with specific knowledge. 現(xiàn)在分詞的被動式作定語時(shí)表示的動作正在發(fā)生或是與謂語動詞所表示的動作同時(shí)發(fā)生。如：Listen ! The song being sung is very popular with the students. 不定式的被動式作定語時(shí)，表示一個未來的動作。如：The question to be discussed at the tomorrows meeting is a very imp

12、ortant one. 清單四 不定式、動名詞作賓語用法要點(diǎn)一、下面動詞只能用不定式作賓語，請牢記下列小詩：決心學(xué)會想希望，拒絕設(shè)法愿假裝。主動答應(yīng)選計(jì)劃，同意請求幫一幫。Decide / determine, learn, want, expect / hope / wish, refuse, manage, care, pretend, offer, promise, choose, plan, agree, ask / beg, help 此外，afford, strive 等也要用不定式作賓語。例如： She pretended not to see me when I passed

13、by. We agreed to meet here but so far she hasnt turned up yet. In order to gain a bigger share in the international market, many state run companies are striving to make their products more competitive. 二、下列動詞只能用動名詞作賓語，請牢記下列小詩：考慮建議盼原諒，承認(rèn)推遲沒得想。避免錯過繼續(xù)練，否認(rèn)完成停欣賞，不禁介意準(zhǔn)逃亡。consider / suggest / advise, look

14、 forward to, excuse, pardon, admit, delay/ put off, fancy, avoid, miss, keep / keep on, practise, deny, finish, enjoy / appreciate, cant help, mind, allow / permit, escape, imagine, forbid, risk 此外be used to, look forward to, lead to, devote to, stick to, object to, get down to, pay attention to, ca

15、nt stand (無法忍受), give up, feel like, insist on, put off, thank you for, apologize for, be busy (in), have difficulty / trouble (in), have a good / wonderful /hard time (in)等動詞詞組也要用動名詞作賓語。 The squirrels was lucky that if just missed being caught. I can hardly imagine Peter sailing across the Atlantic

16、 Ocena in five days. I would appreciate your calling back this afternoon. 三、下列動詞或詞組既可以跟動名詞作賓語，也可以跟不定式作賓語，但意義上有區(qū)別，要特別注意。1. forget to do sth. 忘記去做某事 forget doing sth. 忘記已經(jīng)做過某事remember to do sth. 記住去做某事 remember doing sth. 記得曾經(jīng)做過某事regret to do sth. 后悔/遺憾去做某事 regret doing sth. 后悔做過某事stop to do sth. 停下來去

17、做另一件事 stop doing sth. 停止做一件事情try to do sth. 努力/試圖做某事 try doing sth. 嘗試著做某事mean to do sth. 意欲/想/企圖做某事 mean doing sth. 意味著做某事go on to do sth. (做完某事)接著做另一件事 go on doing sth.繼續(xù)做同一件事(=go on with sth.)cant help to do sth. 不能幫助做某事 cant help doing sth. 情不自禁地做某事例如： She reached the top of the hill and stopped

18、 to rest on a big rock by the side of the path. The light in the office is still on. Oh, I forgot to turn it off. I usually go there by train. Why not try going by boat for a change ? You were brave enough to raise objections at the meeting. Well, now I regret having done that. 2動詞like, love, prefer

19、 后接不定式或動名詞作賓語均可。如表示經(jīng)常性的行為可用動名詞，如表示具體的行為常用動詞不定式。但要注意：如果like, love, prefer 前有would /should 后面則應(yīng)接動詞不定式。如：I like swimming, but I dont like to swim this afternoon.Id like to go swimming this weekend. 3在動詞allow, advise, forbid, permit 后直接跟動名詞形式作賓語，如果后面有名詞或代詞作賓語，其后用動詞不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語。即：allow / advise /forbid / pe

20、rmit doing sth. allow / advise /forbid / permit sb. to do sth. 如：We dont allow smoking here. We dont allow students to smoke. 4動詞need, require, want 作“需要”解時(shí)，其后必須用動名詞的主動形式或不定式的被動形式作賓語，表示事情需要做。這時(shí)動名詞的主動式表示被動意義。be worth 后必須用動名詞的主動形式表示被動意義。此外，若動詞need 表“需要”，require 表“要求”，want 表“想要”這些意義時(shí)，其后須接名詞或代詞作賓語，然后接不定

21、式作賓語補(bǔ)足語。即：need / require / want doing / to be done need / require / want sb. to do sth. be worth + n. (表示錢數(shù)或相當(dāng)于錢數(shù)的名詞) be worth doing be worthy of being done be worthy of + n. 值得 be worthy to be done 如：The window needs / requires / wants cleaning. The window needs / requires / wants to be cleaned.窗戶需

22、要擦一下。The place is worth visiting. The place is worthy of a visit. The place is worthy of being visited. The place is worthy to be visited. 那個地方值得一去。如： only one of these books is worth reading. What do you think of the book ? Oh, excellent, Its worth reading a second time. 四、動詞不定式作動詞tell, show, under

23、stand, explain, teach, learn, advise, discuss, ask, decide, wonder, find out 等詞的賓語時(shí)，前面常帶wh 引導(dǎo)詞。即how, what, whether, where, when, who 等 + to do。但why + 不帶to 的不定式。注意此用法的不定式的邏輯主語需與主句的主語或賓語保持一致，否則用賓語從句。例如：He showed us how to do the work. ( = He showed us how we should do the work.)I dont know what to do.

24、 ( = I dont know what Ill do.)Can you tell me why do it ?五、動詞不定式在介詞but, other than 后面時(shí)，如果介詞之前有行為動詞do 的某種形式，那么介詞后的不定式不帶to，否則就要帶to。另外在cant choose but, cant help but, cant but 后面的不定式也要省略to。如：We could do nothing but / other than wait. We had nothing to do but / other than wait. We have no choice but to

25、wait. I cant choose but laugh. 4獨(dú)立成分作狀語有些分詞短語，其形式的選擇不受上下文的影響，稱作獨(dú)立成分。常見的有：Generally speaking 一般說來Frankly speaking 坦白地說Judging from 根據(jù)來判斷Considering 考慮到To tell you the truth 說實(shí)話四、動名詞作主語動名詞或不定式都可以在句中作主語，但在下列句型中常用動名詞作主語。It is / was no use / good + doing sth. It is / was not any use / good + doing sth.It

26、 is / was of little use / good + doing sth. It is / was useless 如：It is no use crying over spilt milk. 覆水難收。It is of little good staying up too late every day. 每天都熬夜沒有什么好處若主語和表語都是非謂語動詞，應(yīng)保持形式上的一致。Seeing is believing. To see is to believe. 眼見為實(shí)。五、注意以下表達(dá)的意義區(qū)別falling leaves 正在下落的樹葉 fallen leaves 已經(jīng)落下的樹葉

27、boiling water 沸騰的水 boiled water 燒開過的水developing countries 發(fā)展中國家 developed countries 發(fā)達(dá)國家I like swimming, but I dont like to swim this afternoon. Her job is giving piano lessons to children, but this Sunday her job is to teach the children how to dance. The girl let out a frightened cry at the sight

28、of the snake. (The girl was frightened. ) 看到蛇，女孩尖叫起不。His frightening shout scared the boys again. ( The shout was frightening and the boys felt frightened. )他大吼一聲把那幫男孩給嚇跑了。類似的還有：an exciting voice 令人興奮的聲音 an excited voice 興奮的聲音a puzzling look 令人迷惑不解的表情 a puzzled look 困惑的表情 He hunted all the shops, lo

29、oking for a nice present for his girlfriend. (伴隨)他找遍了所有的商店，為他的女友尋來一件精英的禮物。He hunted all the shops to buy a nice present for his girlfriend. (目的)為給他的女友買一件精美的禮物，他跑遍了所有的商店。I stayed up very late yesterday, preparing my speech. 小試牛刀試題（一）1. As we joined the big crowd I got _ from my friends. A. separated

30、B. spared C. lost D. missed 2. _ such heavy pollution already, it may now be too late to clean up the river. A. Having suffered B. Suffering C. To suffer D. Suffered 3. Do let your mother know all the truth. She appears _ everything. A. to tell B. to be told C. to be telling D. to have been told 4.

31、I really appreciate _ to relax with you on this nice island. A. to have had time B. having time C. to have time D. to having time 5. _ at the door before entering, please. A. Knocked B. To knock C. Knocking D. Knock 6. Sandy could do nothing but _ to his teacher that he was wrong. A. admit B. admitt

32、ed C. admitting D. to admit 7. Mr Reed made up his mind to devote all he had to _ some schools for poor children. A. set up B. setting up C. have set up D. having set up 8. _ blood if you can and many lives will be saved. A. Giving B. Give C. Given D. To give 9. _ from heart trouble for years, Profe

33、ssor white has to take some medicine with him wherever he goes. A. Suffered B. Suffering C. Having suffered D. Being suffered 10. In order to gain a bigger share in the international market, many state run companies are striving _ their products more competitive. A. to make B. making C. to have made

34、 D. having made 11. In some parts of London, missing a bus means _ for another hour. A. waiting B. to wait C. wait D. to be waiting 12. When _, the museum will be open to the public next year. A. completed B. completing C. being completed D. to be completed 13. With a lot of difficult problems _, th

35、e newly elected president is having a hard time. A. settled B. settling C. to settle D. being settled 14. The research is so designed that once _ nothing can be cone to change it.A. begins B. having begun C. beginning D. begun 15. Having a trip abroad is certainly for the old couple, but it remains

36、_ whether they will enjoy it. A. to see B. to be seen C. seeing D. seen (二)1. prices of daily goods _ through a computer can be lower than store prices. A. are bought B. bought C. been bought D. buying 2. Why did you go back to the shop ? I left my friend _ there. A. waiting B. to wait C. wait D. wa

37、its 3. The manager, _ his factorys products were poor in quality, decided to give his workers further training. A. knowing B. known C. to know D. being known 4. The man we followed suddenly stopped and looked as if _ whether he was going in the right direction. A. seeing B. having seen C. to have se

38、en D. to see 5. Mr Smith, _ of the _ speech, started to read a novel. A. tired; boring B. tiring; bored C. tired; bored D. tiring; boring 6. A cook will be immediately fired if he is found _ in the kitchen. A. smoke B. smoking C. to smoke D. smoked 7. The teacher asked us _ so much noise. A. dont ma

39、ke B. not make C. not making D. not to make 8. _ times, hell make a first class tennis player. A. Having given B. To give C. Giving D. Given 9. It is believed that if a book is _, it will surely _ the reader. A. interested; interest B. interesting; be interested C. interested; be interesting D. inte

40、resting; interest 10. The discovery of new evidence led to _. A. the thief having caught B. catch the thief C. the thief being caught D. the thief to be caught 11. Generally speaking, _ according to the directions, the drug has no side effect. A. when taking B. when taken C. when to take D. when to

41、be taken 12. An army spokesman stressed that all the soldiers had been ordered _ clear warnings before firing any shots.A. to issue B. being issued C. to have issued D. to be issued 13. He looked around and caught a man _ his hand into the pocket of a passenger. A. put B. to be putting C. to put D.

42、putting 14. Im going to the supermarket this afternoon. Do you have anything _?A. to be buying B. to buy C. for buying D. bought 15. The pilot asked all the passengers on board to remain _ as the plane was making a landing. A. seat B. seating C. seated D. to be seating （三）1. _ with a difficult situa

43、tion, Arnold decided to ask his boss for advice. A. To face B. Having faced C. Faced D. Facing 2. The storm left, _ a lot of damage to this area. A. caused B. to have caused C. to caus D. having caused 3. _, the more expensive the camera, the better its quality. A. General speaking B. Speaking gener

44、al C. Generally speaking D. Speaking generally 4. While watching television, _. A. the doorbell rang B. the doorbell ringsC. we heard the doorbell ring D. we heard the doorbell rings 5. “You cant catch me !” Janet shouted, _ away. A. To have had B. having had C. Have D. Having 6. Its necessary to be

45、 prepared for a job interview. _ the answers ready will be of great help. A. To have had B. Having had C. Have D. Having7. When asked by the police, he said that he remembered _ at the party, but not _.A. to arrive; leaving B. to arrive; to leave C. arriving; leaving D. arriving; to leave 8. The pri

46、ze of the game show is $ 30,000 and all expenses _ vacation to China. A. paying B. paid C. to be paid D. being paid 9. I couldnt do my homework with all that noise _.A. going on B. goes on C. went on D. to go on 10. You should understand the traffic rule by now. Youve had it _ often enough. A. expla

47、ining B. to explain C. explain D. explained 11. I dont want _ like Im speaking ill of anybody, but the managers plan is unfair. A. to sound B. to be sounded C. sounding D. to have sounded 12. He got well prepared for the job interview, for he couldnt risk _ the good opportunity. A. to lose B. losing

48、 C. to be lost D. being lost 13. _ into use in April 2000, the hotline was meant for residents reporting water and heating supply breakdowns. A. Put B. Putting C. Having put D. Being put 14. It was unbelievable that the fans waited outside the gym for three hours just _ a look at the sports stars. A

49、. had B. having C. to have D. have 15. More and more people are signing up for Yoga classes nowadays, _ advantage of the health and relaxation benefits. A. taking B. taken C. having taken D. having been taken （四）1. _ such heavy loss, he businessman didnt have the courage to go on. A. Having suffered

50、 B. Suffering C. To suffer D. Suffered 2. With no rain for three months and food supplies _ out, the situation here is getting from bad to worse. A. run B. running C. to run D. to be run 3. Hill often attends public lectures at the University of London, chiefly _ his English. A. to improve B. improv

51、ing C. to have improved D. improved 4. Walking out of it with a _ smile on his face, he turned _ goodbye to his classmates in the classroom. A. forcing; to say B. forced; to saying C. forcing; to saying D. forced; to say 5. A remote controlled bomb exploded outside a hotel yesterday, _ at least 12 people. A. having been