初中定語從句課件講解

1、 平川二中平川二中 賈成祥賈成祥 什么是定語從句呢？什么是定語從句呢？答案：修飾前面某一名詞或代詞答案：修飾前面某一名詞或代詞的從句叫定語從句。的從句叫定語從句。結(jié)構(gòu)：結(jié)構(gòu)： 先行詞先行詞 + 關(guān)系詞關(guān)系詞 + 句子句子 The man who lives next to us is a policeman.先行詞先行詞_ 關(guān)系詞關(guān)系詞_ 定語從句定語從句關(guān)系詞關(guān)系詞關(guān)系代詞關(guān)系代詞: that, which, who, whom, whose關(guān)系副詞關(guān)系副詞: when, where, why關(guān)系代詞：關(guān)系代詞： 指物：指物：that which 指人：指人：who (主主/賓格賓格) th

2、at whom（賓格）（賓格）Match the sentences1.Im reading a book. The book is about Bill Gates. _2.He is a teacher. The teacher teaches us Chinese._ 3.I dont like the man. He is smoking._4.Where is the picture? You bought it last week._ Im reading a book that/which is about Bill Gates.He is a teacher who/ that

3、 teaches us Chinese.I dont like the man who is smoking.Where is the picture that you bought last week?關(guān)系代詞關(guān)系代詞that, which引導的定語從句引導的定語從句: 如果如果先行詞先行詞是表示物的是表示物的名詞或代詞名詞或代詞，關(guān)系，關(guān)系代詞應用代詞應用that、which. (作作主語主語或或賓語賓語)This is a dream.The dream will never come true.This is a dream which/that will never come tru

4、e.The dog has been found.The dog was lost.The dog which was lost has been found.Practise: 1.This is the house which is for sale.2. The book which is lying on the floor is mine.which / that 作主語作主語. (不能省不能省)（作主語）（作主語）which / that 作賓語作賓語 ： （可省略）可省略）This is the card.Ive just received the card.This is th

5、e card which / that Ive just received.Practise:1.This is the mistake which /that I always make.2. I still keep the letters which she wrote to me.3. I lost the pen which my father bought me.( ) （作賓語）（作賓語）關(guān)系代詞關(guān)系代詞who, that, whom引導的定語從引導的定語從句句: 如果如果先行詞先行詞是表示人的名詞或代詞，是表示人的名詞或代詞，關(guān)系代詞應用關(guān)系代詞應用who, that (作作主

6、語主語或或賓語賓語)whom (作作賓語賓語)who / that 作主語作主語. (不能省不能省)This is the film star.The film star is very popular in China.This is the film star who is very popular in China. (作主語作主語)1.The boy who broke the window is called Roy.2. Do you know the man who spoke at the meeting yesterday?3. The girl who is waterin

7、g the flowers is my cousin./ thatwho / whom / that 作賓語：作賓語：( 可省略可省略)The man is a famous writer. He described the man just now.The man ( who/ whom/ that ) he described just now is a famous writer. (作賓語）作賓語）1.The boy who(m) I m looking for is my friend.2. The thief has been sent to prison. The police

8、caught the thief last night. The thief whom the police caught last night has been sent to prison.小結(jié)：小結(jié)： that 既可指人，也可指物，作主語，既可指人，也可指物，作主語，不能省略；作賓語，可以省略。不能省略；作賓語，可以省略。 which指物，作主語，不能省略；作指物，作主語，不能省略；作賓語，可以省略賓語，可以省略. who 指人，作主語，不能省略；作賓語，指人，作主語，不能省略；作賓語，可以省略可以省略,（常用（常用whom）注注:當關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中作主語時當關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中作主

9、語時,定語定語從句的謂語動詞形式由先行詞定。從句的謂語動詞形式由先行詞定。有時只能用有時只能用 that , 不用不用 which, 常見的情況有六種：常見的情況有六種：1.當先行詞是當先行詞是 all, any, few, little, none, anything, everything, nothing , everybody,nobody, everyone, no one 或被它們修飾時。或被它們修飾時。 Thats all that I know. Is there anything that I can do for you? He answered few questions

10、 that the teacher asked.2. 當先行詞被形容詞最高級或序數(shù)詞修飾時當先行詞被形容詞最高級或序數(shù)詞修飾時 That is the most interesting book that I have ever read.The first thing that I should do is to review my lessons.3. 當先行詞有當先行詞有the very, the only, the same等修等修飾時。飾時。Thats the only thing that I can do now.These are the very words that he

11、used.4. 當主句以當主句以 who 或或 which開頭時，定語從句的開頭時，定語從句的關(guān)系詞用關(guān)系詞用 that, 而不用而不用 which 或或 who.Who is the girl that spoke to you just now?Which is the pen that you lost ?5. 先行詞同時包括人或物時，關(guān)系詞用先行詞同時包括人或物時，關(guān)系詞用that.The man and his dog that I always meet are standing by the gate.whose 作定語作定語,表示所屬關(guān)系。表示所屬關(guān)系。 The boy is

12、my classmate. The boys father is a policeman.The boy whose father is a policeman is my classmate.A child _ parents are dead is called an orphan( 孤兒孤兒).A. who B. whose C. whos D. which 例句賞析例句賞析Its an invention which /that is used for keeping off the rain .飄飄Its a book that/which was written by Margar

13、et Mitchell. Gone with the windIts the Wall that /which was built by Chinese people.Its an animal that/which.Its an animal that / which has big nose.Exercise 1 :用關(guān)系代詞填空用關(guān)系代詞填空1. The boy _ is playing ping-pong is my classmate.2. The e-mail _ I received yesterday was from my sister.3. I hate people _

14、talk much but do little.4. The car _ my father bought last month is very beautiful.who / thatwhich/ thatwho / thatwhich / that5. The man _ hair is white is his grandfather.6. Is there a student _ father is a business man?7. This is the house in _ we have lived for 10 years.8.Ive never heard of the p

15、eople and things _ you talked about just now.whosewhosewhich that當先行詞同時指人和物時，關(guān)系代詞只能用that.Exercise 2. 1. My father and his teacher talked a lot about the persons and things _ they couldnt remember.2. Say all _ you know.3. Is there anything _ I can do for you?thatthatthat當先行詞是something, anything, noth

16、ing, all 等詞時，關(guān)系代詞只能用that.4.This is the first play _ I have seen since I came here.5. This is the best novel _ I have read.thatthat當先行詞被序數(shù)詞，最高級序數(shù)詞，最高級等詞修飾時，關(guān)系代詞只能用that.6.Who is the girl _is standing under the tree?7. Which is the machine _ we used last Sunday.當主句是who或或which 引導的特殊疑問句引導的特殊疑問句，而中心詞指人或物時

17、，關(guān)系代詞只能用that.thatthat關(guān)系副詞：關(guān)系副詞：when/ where/why when 作時間狀語作時間狀語:She will never forget the day.She was married on that day.She will never forget the day when (=on which)she was married.It was the year.The World War I broke out in the year.It was the year when (= in which) the World War I broke out.Whe

18、n = 介詞介詞 + which where 作地點狀語作地點狀語I want to know the place.I was born there.I want to know the place where (= in which) I was born.The table where (= at which ) she is sitting is a new one.where = 介詞介詞 + whichwhy 作原因狀語作原因狀語, 其先行詞常常是其先行詞常常是the reason.That is the reason why(= for which) Im late.I know the reason why he said it.why = for whichExercise1.October 1,1949 is the day _ the PRC was founded.A. which B. when C. that D. on that2.Is that the reason _ you are for the plan. which B. what C. why D. for that 3.October 1,1949 is the day _ the PRC was foun