名詞性從句精講精練

1、名詞性從句精講精練【定義】一個句子在另一個句子中充當主語、賓語、表語、 同位語，相當于名詞，故稱為名詞性從句。【四大從句】名詞性從句分為主語從句、賓語從句、表語從 句和同位語從句。一、主語從句一個句子在另一個句子中充當主語，即句子充當主語，該句 子稱為主語從句?！就瓿衫洹扛鶕湟膺x詞填空 (that, if, whether, why, when, what)(1) That he will succeed is certain.(2) Whether he will go there is not known.(3) What he said is not true.(4) When th

2、e meeting will be held has not been decided yet.【結論】 that從句，從句為一個句意完整的陳述句，沒 有具體意義，不充當句子成分，只起標志性作用，但that不能省略。 whether 從句，從句來源于一般疑問句，whether不能省略，意為“是否”，不能用if替換。 特殊疑問詞-從句，從句來源于特殊疑問句，特殊疑問詞不能省略，意思為特殊疑問詞本來的意思，在從句中 充當句子成分。【疑難 1】Who he is is none of my business. 【疑難剖析 1】任何從句要用陳述句語序，即主謂語序?！疽呻y 2】 That he like

3、s English is known to us all.What he said at the meeting made me sad.【疑難剖析 2】主句時態(tài)為過去時，從句時態(tài)為過去的某一 時態(tài)；主句時態(tài)為現在時或將來時，從句時態(tài)視具體情況而 定?！疽呻y 3】 That 2010 Asian Games are successful is known to all.【疑難剖析 3】單個句子作主語，視為單數?！疽呻y 3】It is a pity that you didn't go to see the film.It doesn't interest me whether

4、you succeed or not.It is in the morning that the murder took place.It is John that broke the window.【疑難剖析 3】1主語從句通常由 it 充當形式主語，而本身 放在句子末尾。2 it 作形式主語和 it 引導強調句的比較it 作形式主語代替主語從句， 主要是為了平衡句子結構， 主語從句的連接詞沒有變化。而 it 引導的強調句則是對句子某一部分進行強調，無論強調的是什么成分，都可用連詞that。被強調部分指人時也可用who / whom。3. 用 it 作形式主語的常用結構 It is 名詞 從

5、句It is a fact that, 事實是 ,It is an honor that, 非常榮幸It is common knowledge that , 是常識 It is 形容詞 從句It is natural that, 很自然 ,It is strange that, 奇怪的是 , It is 不及物動詞 從句It seems that, 似乎 ,It happened that,碰巧,It appears that, 似乎 , It +過去分詞 +從句It is reported that,據報道,It has been proved that,已證實,It is said th

6、at,據說,【疑難 5】It is said that Chairman Hu will visit our school next week. (V)That Chairman Hu will visit our school next week is said.疑難剖析 5】主語從句不可位于句首的五種情況：1. if 引導的主語從句不可位于復合句句首。2. It is said / reported, 結構中的主語從句不可提前。3. It happens / occurs, 結構中的主語從句不可提前。It occurred to him that he failed in the exam

7、ination. ( V)That he failed in the examination occurred to him. ()4. It doesn't matter how / w h e t h e r ,結構中的主語從句不可提、八前。It doesn't matter whether he is wrong or not. ( V)Whether he is wrong or not doesn't matter. ( )x5. 含主語從句的復合句是疑問句時，主語從句不可提前。Is it likely that it will rain in the eve

8、ning ？(V)Is that will rain in the evening likely ？(x )【疑難 6】 what 與 that 在引導主語從句時的區(qū)別What you said yesterday is right.That she is still alive is a consolation.【疑難剖析 6】 what 引導主語從句時在從句中充當主語、 賓語或表語，而 that 則不充當任何成分。二、賓語從句 在復合句中作賓語的名詞性從句是賓語從句，通常放在主句謂語動詞 （及物動詞 ）或介詞之后?！就瓿衫洹扛鶕湟膺x詞填空 (that, if, whether, whe

9、re, what ， who)(5) I heard that he joined the army.(6) She did not know what had happened. I wonder whether you can change this note for me.(7) She told me that she would accept my invitation.【結論9】由that引導的賓語從句(that通?？梢允÷?,that 在從句中不充當任何成分。 由 what 引導的賓語從句， what 在從句中充當主語、賓 語或表語。 whether (if)引導的賓語從句，在從

10、句中不充當任何成 分，只起連接作用，意為“是否” 。【疑難 1】引導賓語從句時 if 和 whether 的區(qū)別I asked her if / whether she had a bike.They discussed whether they will go back right now.We're worried about whether he is safe.I don't know whether or not he will come.I don't know whether to go.【疑難剖析 1】引導賓語從句時用 if 和 whether 都可以，

11、但 有只用whether的特殊情況：動詞discuss后；介詞后；whether 與 or not 連用時； whether to do?！疽呻y 2】 I am afraid (that) I've made a mistake.疑難剖析 2】作形容詞的賓語時，可以省略 that 注意】下列形容詞后常跟 that 引導的從句作賓語：anxious, aware, certain, confident, convinced, determined, glad, proud, surprised, worried, sorry, thankful, ashamed, disappointe

12、d, annoyed, pleased, hurt, satisfied, content 等。 (有時也將此類詞后的that 從句看作原因狀語從句。 )【疑難 3】We heard it that she would get married next month. 【疑難剖析 3】it 不僅可以作為形式主語，還可以作為形式 賓語，而真正的賓語 that 從句則放在句尾 (特別是在帶復合 賓語的句子中 )。【疑難 4】I admire their winning the match. ( V)I admire that they won the match. ( )x【疑難剖析 4】后邊不能直

13、接跟 that 從句的動詞有：allow, refuse, let, like, cause, force, admire, condemn, celebrate, dislike, love, help, take, forgive 等。這類詞后可以用 不定式或動名詞作賓語，但不可以用 that 引導的賓語從句。【疑難 5】 He impressed the manager as an honest man. V( ) He impressed the manager that he was an honest man. ()【疑難剖析 5】有些動詞不可用于“動詞間接賓語 that 從句”結

14、構中，這類動詞常見的有 envy，order，accuse， refuse，impress，forgive ，blame，denounce，advise，congratulateo疑難 6】我認為這件衣服不適合你穿。I don't think this dress fits you well.【疑難剖析 6】否定的轉移：若主句謂語動詞為 think, consider, suppose, believe, expect, fancy, guess, imagine 等，其后的賓語 從句若含有否定意義，一般要把否定詞轉移到主句謂語上， 從句謂語用肯定式。三、表語從句 在復合句中作表語的名

15、詞性從句為表語從句，一般結 構是“主語連系動詞表語從句” ?！就瓿衫洹?根據句意填空(8) The question is whether we can make good preparation in such a short time.(9) This is why we can't get the support of the people.(10) But the fact remains that we are behind the other classes.(11) The reason he is late for school is that he missed t

16、he early bus.【結論 1】完整陳述句充當表語時用 that 引導，且不可省略； 表“是否”含義時用 whether；語義不完整時根據情況選用對應的特殊疑問詞，如what，when， where， why 等；兩種特殊句型：the reason is that, 和 It is because, 等結構。 四、同位語從句 在復合句中作名詞的同位語的名詞性從句為同位語從 句。【完成例句】 根據句意選詞填空(12) The king's decision that the prisoner would be set free surprised all the people.(1

17、3) The order that all the soldiers should stay still is given by the general. 【結論】同位語從句對名詞作進一步解釋，說明名詞的具體 內容，一般由 that 引導，可以接同位語從句的名詞主要有： fact, information, problem, decision, suggestion, proposal, order 等?！疽呻y 1】同位語在句子中的位置He got the news from Mary than the sports meeting was put off.【疑難剖析 1】同位語從句有時可以不緊跟在它所說明的名 詞后面，而是被別的詞隔開。疑難 2】同位語從句與定語從句的區(qū)別The news that he told me is that Tom would go a