高中英語不定式的用法（24張）ppt課件

1、動(dòng)詞不定式的句法功能動(dòng)詞不定式的句法功能To have an ice cream is cool.I want to see you this evening.All you should do now is to remember todays lesson.I want a pen to write with.He lowered his head to sleep. He asked his partner not to copy the homework. 主語主語 賓語賓語表語表語 定語定語 狀語狀語 賓補(bǔ)賓補(bǔ)想一想想一想動(dòng)詞不定式的時(shí)態(tài)動(dòng)詞不定式的時(shí)態(tài)He pretends to

2、be ill to sleep in class. 普通式普通式( to do )He pretends to be listening when asked.進(jìn)展式進(jìn)展式( to be doing)不定式的普通式所表示的動(dòng)作形不定式的普通式所表示的動(dòng)作形狀同時(shí)或幾乎同時(shí)發(fā)生，或狀同時(shí)或幾乎同時(shí)發(fā)生，或之后發(fā)生。之后發(fā)生。假設(shè)謂語表示的動(dòng)作情況假設(shè)謂語表示的動(dòng)作情況發(fā)生時(shí)，不定式所表示的動(dòng)發(fā)生時(shí)，不定式所表示的動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)展。作正在進(jìn)展。He pretends to have understood the lesson.完成式完成式to have done)表示不定式動(dòng)作發(fā)生表示不定式動(dòng)作發(fā)生在

3、謂語動(dòng)作之前。在謂語動(dòng)作之前。重點(diǎn)重點(diǎn)!Remember them!一、一、-ing-ing方式與不定式的區(qū)別方式與不定式的區(qū)別不定式普通表示某個(gè)一次性的、詳細(xì)的、不定式普通表示某個(gè)一次性的、詳細(xì)的、未做的動(dòng)作；而未做的動(dòng)作；而-ing方式那么表示習(xí)慣的方式那么表示習(xí)慣的泛指的動(dòng)作或一件知的事或閱歷。泛指的動(dòng)作或一件知的事或閱歷。 Getting up early is a good habit. To finish the work in a week is impossible. 二、不定式做主語，普通用二、不定式做主語，普通用itit當(dāng)方式主語，當(dāng)方式主語，把作主語的不定式短語后置。把作

4、主語的不定式短語后置。但在以下句型中常用但在以下句型中常用-ing方式作主語。方式作主語。 It is impossible to finish the work in a week.It is/was not any use/goodof little use/gooduseless+doing sth.no use/good 假設(shè)主語和表語都是非謂語動(dòng)詞假設(shè)主語和表語都是非謂語動(dòng)詞, , 應(yīng)堅(jiān)應(yīng)堅(jiān)持方式上的一致。持方式上的一致。 Seeing is believing. Seeing is believing. To see is to believe. To see is to beli

5、eve. It is no use crying over spilt milk.It is of little good staying up too late every day.留意留意1)有些動(dòng)詞要求只接不定式作賓語：有些動(dòng)詞要求只接不定式作賓語：hope wish want agree promise demand ask refuse manage learn decidepretend choosefail dare offer help三個(gè)希望兩答應(yīng)兩個(gè)要求莫回絕做到學(xué)會(huì)作決議做到學(xué)會(huì)作決議不要偽裝在選擇沒敢提出來協(xié)助沒敢提出來協(xié)助三、不定式和三、不定式和inging方式作賓語

6、的區(qū)別方式作賓語的區(qū)別2)有些動(dòng)詞只接有些動(dòng)詞只接ing作賓語作賓語,常見的有：常見的有：resist、 object to、delay、 look forward to 、 enjoy ； mind、 imagine、 practise、suggest、appreciate.抗議推遲盼喜報(bào)，心想練成薦欣賞Bear them in your mind!四、不帶四、不帶to的不定式作賓補(bǔ)的不定式作賓補(bǔ)三三使使 let make have 二聽 listen to hear一感一感: feel四看四看 watch see observe noticeI heard them sing a pop

7、song .The teacher made me answer the question.We watched them play football .假設(shè)上述構(gòu)造變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)假設(shè)上述構(gòu)造變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài),不定式就不定式就由原來的賓語補(bǔ)足語變?yōu)橹髡Z補(bǔ)足語由原來的賓語補(bǔ)足語變?yōu)橹髡Z補(bǔ)足語,此時(shí)動(dòng)詞此時(shí)動(dòng)詞(let, have無被動(dòng)語態(tài)無被動(dòng)語態(tài))后原后原來不帶來不帶to的不定式要加的不定式要加to。如如: He was seen to go upstairs. He was made to do his work .Be careful! 五、介詞五、介詞except/ but 之后接不定式時(shí)，假

8、之后接不定式時(shí)，假設(shè)介詞前有實(shí)意動(dòng)詞設(shè)介詞前有實(shí)意動(dòng)詞do的各種方式那么的各種方式那么except/ but 后接不帶后接不帶to 的不定式；反之，的不定式；反之，假設(shè)假設(shè)except/ but前沒有實(shí)意動(dòng)詞前沒有實(shí)意動(dòng)詞do，那么，那么不定式帶不定式帶to 。Cai has no choice but to do the homework. Cai does nothing but sleep every day.六、六、 作定語的不定式假設(shè)是不及物動(dòng)詞，作定語的不定式假設(shè)是不及物動(dòng)詞，或者不定式所修飾的名詞或代詞是不定式或者不定式所修飾的名詞或代詞是不定式動(dòng)作的地點(diǎn)工具等，不定式后面須有相

9、應(yīng)動(dòng)作的地點(diǎn)工具等，不定式后面須有相應(yīng)的介詞。的介詞。 He is looking for a room to live in.不定式所修飾的名詞假設(shè)是不定式所修飾的名詞假設(shè)是time, place或或way，不定式后面的介詞習(xí)慣上要省去。，不定式后面的介詞習(xí)慣上要省去。 He had no money and no place to live.七、七、 something, anything, nothing, everything等復(fù)合不定代詞常用不定式做后等復(fù)合不定代詞常用不定式做后置定語。置定語。1) Have you anything to send? 他有什么東西要寄嗎？他有什么東

10、西要寄嗎？不定式不定式to send的動(dòng)作執(zhí)行者是的動(dòng)作執(zhí)行者是you2) Have you anything to be sent? 他有什么要我或他人寄的東西嗎？他有什么要我或他人寄的東西嗎？ 不定式不定式to be sent的動(dòng)作執(zhí)行者是已的動(dòng)作執(zhí)行者是已被省略的被省略的me或或someone else留意比較留意比較To tell the truth, I am not happy at the moment.八、獨(dú)立構(gòu)造八、獨(dú)立構(gòu)造to be frank, to be honest, to tell the truth九、九、 不定式的省略不定式的省略(1).不定式中的動(dòng)詞上文已出現(xiàn)

11、過不定式中的動(dòng)詞上文已出現(xiàn)過,下文要下文要 省略該動(dòng)詞省略該動(dòng)詞.- Would you like to go with me ? - Id like to .(2). 不定式是不定式是to be 構(gòu)造構(gòu)造, be 不可省不可省.- Would you like to be a teacher?- Id like to be. had better/had best + (not) do sth. Why (not) do sth.? prefer to do/prefer doing prefer + n./doing A +to + n./doing B prefer + to do A

12、rather than do B would rather (not) do sth. would rather do A than (do) B would rather + 句子過去式句子過去式 虛擬語氣虛擬語氣 要要做做Use your head!1. My wife said in her letter that she would appreciate _ from you sometime. A. to have heard B. to hear C. for hearing D. hearing2. Robert is said _ abroad, but I didnt kno

13、w what country he studied in. A. to have studied B. to be studying C. to study D. to have been studying3. In Australia he made a lot of friends _a very practical knowledge of English. A. get B. getting C. to get D. got4. They are considering _ before the prices go up. A. of buying the house B. with

14、buying the house C. buying the house D. to buy the house5.Paul doesnt have to be made_ . He always works hard. A. study B. to study C. studied D. studying6. The children talked so loudly at dinner table that I had to struggle _. A. to be heard B. to have heard C. hearing D. being heard 0.472007卷卷97.

15、 Having a trip abroad is certainly good for the old couple, but it remains _ whether they will enjoy it. A. to see B. to be seen C. seeing D. see8. It is said in Australia there is more land than the government knows _. A. it what to do with B. what to do with it C. what to do it with D. to do what with it9. _ late in the afte