高考短文改錯知識點總結(jié)

1、短文改錯考情分析:1.詞類用法：考查不同詞類的不同用法, 與語法填空中的詞性轉(zhuǎn)換考點相同。2.辨析：只考many與much, here與there, some與any, ago與before等十分常見的詞之間的混用, 這些詞是稍有語感、不講自會的, 千萬別走入過去凡遇近義詞必辨的誤區(qū)。3. 其他：指不便歸于某一語法項目的考點。2014課標(biāo)卷Isomewhere everywhere 2014課標(biāo)卷IIThey There (there be句型寫成they be)2014大綱卷should able to should be able to (漏掉be，因able是形容詞, 不能作謂語, 加b

2、e)2013課標(biāo)卷Iremember much rememberwell /clearly (習(xí)慣修飾語，記得清楚，而非記得非常。)2013課標(biāo)卷IIwas drank was drunk (過去分詞拼寫錯誤)2013大綱卷stand stand up (漏掉up)2012課標(biāo)卷do wrong go wrong (可列到辨析類)2012大綱卷Icut off cut down (語境意義)2011大綱卷Ithink over think of(語境意義)2011大綱卷IIso +adj. + that寫成so much +adj. +that (如此以致)；more than happy寫成

3、了better than happy (非常高興)命題特點用來命題的短文內(nèi)容與學(xué)生的學(xué)習(xí)生活非常貼近，好像就是學(xué)生的習(xí)作。長度均在100詞左右。這些材料都是記敘文。新課標(biāo)卷的設(shè)題通常是：1處多1個詞，1處少1個詞，8處錯1個詞。5. 要求考生添加或刪除的詞通常是虛詞。少了一個詞，要求添加的詞有：冠詞：in countryside in the countryside(2015課標(biāo)I) As result As a result(2014課標(biāo)I)介詞：listening music listening to music(2014課標(biāo)II)連詞：He had, he was He had, and

4、 he was(2013課標(biāo)I)不定式符號：came see me came to see me(2007課標(biāo))物主代詞：Tom saw parents Tom saw his parents(2015課標(biāo)II)多了一個詞，要求刪除的詞有：介詞、冠詞、連詞、助動詞、不定式符號to。冠詞：In a fact In fact(2013課標(biāo)I) all kinds of the flowers all kinds of flowers(2014課標(biāo)II)介詞：he lent to me lots of clothes he lent me lots of clothes(2011課標(biāo))連詞：Alth

5、oughbutAlthough(2014課標(biāo)I)不定式符號：had better to stop had better stop(2009課標(biāo))助動詞：has brought brought(2010課標(biāo)) Lots of studies have been shown Lots of studies have shown(2015課標(biāo)I)副詞：so very much that so much that (2015課標(biāo)II)需要變形的詞通常是名詞、動詞、形容詞、副詞。所有考點都是最基本的語法知識、最常用的單詞和短語的意義與用法，以及邏輯意義的連貫。沒有超出中學(xué)課本中講的語法內(nèi)容。即只要掌握課

6、本中講的語法就足以應(yīng)對考試了。短文改錯與語法填空的異同：相同：主要考點基本相同。名詞、代詞、冠詞、介詞、連詞。時態(tài)一致、主謂一致、非謂語動詞、詞類用法、比較等級。以上兩個方面分別對應(yīng)語法填空的純空格題和給詞題。備考內(nèi)容：主要從以下十個方面入手?？键c1：名詞的數(shù)與格在several, few, many, one of, a couple of, three, one and a half, a large number of, scores of, dozens of等詞語后，或雖沒有這些詞但語境提示我們，本應(yīng)接復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞的，但文中卻用了單數(shù)。如：For example, we can do

7、 reading for one and a half hour and(hour hours)2014課標(biāo)II像advice, fun, homework, information, news, progress, equipment, furniture, baggage, luggage, jewellery, clothing等絕對不可數(shù)名詞是沒有復(fù)數(shù)形式的，但在文中卻用了復(fù)數(shù)。如：It felt very strange to travel without any luggages. (luggages luggage)2011課標(biāo)本應(yīng)用名詞的所有格的，但文中沒有用。如：When I

8、 finally arrived at my friend he lent me lots of clothes. (my friend my friends)2011課標(biāo)考點2：指代一致上下文的人稱不一致。如：Thank you very much for showing them around your city and providing us with the wonderful meals. (them us) 2011大綱上下文的單復(fù)數(shù)不一致。如：both of them have similar ideas Otherwise, it is impossible for him

9、to help each other and to make their friendship last long. (him them)2014大綱上下文的性別不一致。如：Before her leaving, I prepared a gift to show my best wishes to him. She said (him her) 2010大綱人稱代詞格的誤用。如：Li Mings parents invited I to spend two wonderful weeks in Qingdao with them (I me)2007課標(biāo)人稱代詞、反身代詞、疑問代詞等的錯用。

10、如：He had a deep voice, which set himself apart from others (從句主語which是指the voice, 這種聲音使“他”與別人分離, 故改himself為him)2013課標(biāo)I考點3：冠詞基本用法：單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞前，表示“一個/段/座/本”等時要用a或an；表示特指時用the。如：In other words, we would be separated for long time. (long time a long time)2010大綱Many countries in the world find they dont have

11、enough water. To deal with a problem, I think, we should (a the，特指上文提到缺少“這個”問題)2012大綱So when I have the problem, I will turn to her for help. (the a) 2013大綱固定短語中多用或少用冠詞。如：In a fact, he even scared my classmates away (In a fact In fact)2013課標(biāo)IAs result, the plants are growing everywhere. (As result A

12、s a result) 2014課標(biāo)考點4：介詞常用介詞的錯用。如：Therefore, we have more time with after-school activities. (time for sth.做某事的時間) 2014課標(biāo)II固定詞組中的介詞誤用。如：and with the help by our father, my sister and I planted some cherry tomatoes (with the help of在的幫助下) 2014課標(biāo)I固定詞組中的介詞漏用。如：（拓展）We can lie on the grass for a rest, or

13、 sit by the lake listening music. (listen to聽) 2014課標(biāo)II考點5：連詞 although/though/while不與but連用；since /as/because不與so連用。如：Although we allow tomato plants to grow in the same place year after year, but we have never had any disease (去掉but或改為yet)2014課標(biāo)I and與but用混。這是考得最多的微考點。如：The more friends we have, the

14、more we can learn from one another, but the more pleasure we can share together. ( but and，前后沒有轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系) 2014大綱 and與or。All I had to do was to write a story or present it. (or and)2010大綱Whats more, we can go to work by bike once and twice a week (and or)2012大綱 so與or。We were warned not to cheat again so s

15、he would need to see our parents. (so因此or否則) 2013四川 after與before。Before waiting for about half an hour, I was beginning to get impatient. (Before After邏輯)2013陜西 which與what。That is which other teachers say. (which what所的) 2013遼寧多用或少用連詞。如：With little sleep and hardly any break, so he works from mornin

16、g till night. (去掉so)2013遼寧So if they had said was true, I would have a chance of winning the prize. (if后加what)2010大綱錯用that引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句。如：Having tea in the late afternoon provides a bridge between lunch and dinner, that might not be served until 8 oclock at night. (that which)2013課標(biāo)II考點6：時態(tài)一致上下文的謂語動詞都是

17、過去時，突然出現(xiàn)一個現(xiàn)在時。如：She used to hold me I was only four when she passes away. (passes passed) 2013課標(biāo)I上下文的謂語動詞都是現(xiàn)在時，突然出現(xiàn)一個過去時。如：Since then, we had been allowing tomatoes to self-seed where they please. As a result, the plants are growing everywhere. (had has) 2014課標(biāo)I此外，無論是謂語動詞還是非謂語動詞，都要注意在平行結(jié)構(gòu)中，動詞形式的一致性，

18、即“平行一致”。如在A and B或A, B and C中，A, B, C的形式要一致。如：both of them have similar ideas and trusting each other (trusting trust)2014大綱考點7：主謂一致行為動詞：主語是第三人稱單數(shù)時，行為動詞的一般現(xiàn)在時，其后加s。如：My dream school look like a big garden. ( look looks，主語是My dream school) 2014課標(biāo)II have動詞：主語是第三人稱單數(shù)時，have的現(xiàn)在時(一般現(xiàn)在時，現(xiàn)在完成時，現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時)用has。

19、主語不是第三人稱單數(shù)時，現(xiàn)在時用have，過去時用had。Li Ming, together with his parents, have gone abroad. (have has，主語是Li Ming，注意：with sb.或together with sb.等介詞短語是不能作主語的)（簡單復(fù)習(xí)主謂一致） be動詞：主語是第三人稱單數(shù)時，be的現(xiàn)在時(一般現(xiàn)在時，現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時)用is，過去時(一般過去時，過去進(jìn)行時)用was。主語是I，用am或was；主語是you或復(fù)數(shù)，用are或were。如：the only clothes I had was those I had on. (was

20、were，主語是the only clothes)2011課標(biāo)考點8：非謂語動詞一般說來，句中已有謂語動詞，再出現(xiàn)動詞，其前面又沒有并列連詞and ,but or時，該動詞應(yīng)為非謂語動詞。我們應(yīng)根據(jù)該非謂語動詞在句中所作句子成分，以及它與邏輯主語的關(guān)系，來確定用具體的形式。作主語或賓語不能用動詞原形，通常改為ing形式或不定式。如：Have tea in the late afternoon provides a bridge between lunch and dinner (Have Having)2013課標(biāo)II熟記其后只能接ing或只能接to do作賓語的動詞。如：Last year,

21、 she decided study abroad. (study to study，因decide to do sth.)2010大綱介詞后要用動詞的ing形式。注意區(qū)分to是介詞還是不定式符號。如：He isnt good at talk but he gets on well with other people. (talk talking，在介詞at后) 2013大綱I look forward to see her again in the near future. (see seeing，在介詞to后)2010大綱一些固定短語或句式中的非謂語動詞形式。如：She used to h

22、olding me on her knees (holding hold，因used to do sth.) 2013課標(biāo)IWell, I had better to stop now. (to stop stop，因had better do sth.)2009課標(biāo)make their friendship to last long. (to last last，因make sb. do sth.)2014大綱根據(jù)非謂語動詞與其邏輯主語的關(guān)系來確定用-ing形式還是用-ed形式。如：We sat by the fire, have our barbecue. (have having，因we

23、與have是主動關(guān)系)2014陜西Felt hungry, we built a fire by the lake (Felt Feeling，因we與feel是主動關(guān)系)2013陜西別混淆謂語動詞與非謂語動詞。如：but I tried hard to do it. Suddenly, Mary, my best friend, asking me to let her copy my answers. (去掉同位語my best friend, 顯然，主語是Mary, 謂語是ask, 由前句謂語動詞的時態(tài)可知, 用一般過去時, 故改asking為asked)2013四川考點9：詞類的用法形

24、容詞作定語、表語、補語, 但短文中卻用了副詞或名詞。如：We are growing wonderfully tomatoes at no cost! (wonderfully wonderful，作tomatoes的定語)2014課標(biāo)IThe fruits are small in size, but juicy and taste. (taste tasty，作表語)2014課標(biāo)II found the test difficulty, but I tried hard to do it. (difficulty difficult作補語) 2013四川副詞作狀語，修飾動詞、形容詞、全句，

25、但短文中卻用了形容詞。如：Interesting, it had a connection with the British porcelain(瓷器) industry. (Interesting Interestingly，修飾全句) 2013課標(biāo)IIIt was real a nice experience. (real really，修飾動詞was)2011大綱II名詞作主語、賓語, 但短文中卻用了形容詞、動詞等。如：He has ruined his healthy. (healthy health，作ruined的賓語) 2013遼寧This made for the grow i

26、n the porcelain industry. (grow growth，作介詞for的賓語)2013課標(biāo)II冠詞，介詞，形容詞性物主代詞，形容詞后用名詞。 -ed與-ing形容詞的用法區(qū)別：-ing令人的(多為事)；-ed (人)感到的。如：I am awfully tiring (tiring tired，因我感到累)2013浙江My friend Nick told me a story about his experience back in the US, which was very interested. (interested interesting，指他的故事是“令人有趣

27、的”)2010課標(biāo)考點10：常用詞辨析只考here與there, some與any, ago與before, many與much, very much與very或much, beside與besides, ever與never, either與neither, used to do sth.與be used to (doing) sth.等十分常見的詞語之間的辨析。千萬別遇到近義詞就辨析，步入復(fù)習(xí)的岐途。如：Nearly five years before, my sister and I planted some cherry tomatoes (before ago，相對說話時多久以前,

28、用ago；相對過去的某個時間或動作在多久之前才用before)2014課標(biāo)IWe dont need to do so many homework. (many much，修飾不可數(shù)名詞homework, 用much) 2014課標(biāo)IIThe fruits are smallThere are so much that we often share them with our neighbors. (much many，替代可數(shù)名詞fruits, 用many) 2014課標(biāo)IBeside, Cleo tends to bark an average of six hours a day. (B

29、eside Besides，因beside是介詞, 意為“在的旁邊”；而besides作介詞時，意為“除之外”，作副詞, 意為“此外, 而且”。注意，凡是介詞，其后一定有賓語。而此處沒有賓語，一定是用副詞) 2014遼寧再次提醒：凡是用一兩句話辨別不清的，或者說老師也要查資料才能弄清楚的，甚至去年查過資料，今年又得查資料才講得清楚的那些所謂的同義詞或近義詞之間的辨析，是絕對不會考的。萬萬不可在這里浪費時間，用辨析的這幾分鐘去多讀一遍英語短文或故事，享受其中的快樂吧。此外，多用be或少用be是寫作中常見的錯誤，因此短文改錯中可能出現(xiàn)。記?。鹤髦^語的是行為動詞時，如果不是進(jìn)行時態(tài)或被動語態(tài)，不用b

30、e；如果句中謂語沒有動詞，但漢語意思又完整了時，要用be。如：Suddenly the arrows were flying down at us from the skythey were looked like rain! (因looked like中l(wèi)ooked本身就是系動詞, were是多余的, 應(yīng)當(dāng)去掉)2014陜西So real friendship should able to stand all sorts of tests. (因情態(tài)動詞后要接動詞原形, 而其后的able是形容詞, 雖然意義完整, 還是要加be) 2014大綱又如，I very busy.(我很忙。)雖然漢語

31、意思完整，但句中busy是形容詞，無動詞，要在I后加am。At that time, we in the classroom. (那時我們在教室里。)雖然漢語意思完整，但句中無動詞，要加be，即在we后加were。解題指導(dǎo)解題前，須明確：一個詞：因只是多一詞、少一詞、錯一詞，因此，需要增加、減少、改動的都只是一個詞。四不改：不要求考生改標(biāo)點符號、大小寫、詞序、綱外詞，這四個方面不必考慮。解題中，可按以下步驟：瀏覽全文，掌握大意。這一步非常重要，涉及單詞和短語意思的題，以及上下文邏輯是否通順的改連詞的題，不明白上下文意思，是改不出來的。在這一步中，如遇到無需思考的明顯錯誤，可以直接改過來。分句閱

32、讀，認(rèn)真糾錯。逐句閱讀，根據(jù)自己掌握的語法知識及上下文語義的銜接，結(jié)合上面提到的十個主要考點，認(rèn)真糾錯改錯。具體思路可參考：動詞形，名格數(shù)，特別留意形和副；邏輯連詞常?？?，冠詞介詞常光顧；代詞注意性數(shù)格，詞組句式須關(guān)注。檢查核對，攻克難點。改完后，再從頭至尾認(rèn)真看一遍，個別沒有找出來的，對照考點，在這步完成。真題再現(xiàn)假定英語課上老師要求同桌之間交換修改作文, 請你修改你同桌寫的以下作文。文中共有10處語言錯誤, 每句中最多有兩處。每處錯誤僅涉及一個單詞的增加、刪除或修改。增加: 在缺詞處加一個漏字符號（）, 并在其下面寫出該加的詞。刪除: 把多余的詞用斜線（）畫掉。修改: 在錯的詞下畫一橫線,

33、 并在該詞下面寫出修改后的詞。注意:每處錯誤及其修改均僅限一詞；只允許修改10處, 多者（從第11處起）不計分。1. 2015課標(biāo)卷I When I was a child, I hoped to live in thecity. I think I would be happy there. Now I am living in a city, but I miss my home in countryside. There the air is clean or the mountains are green. Unfortunately, on the development of in

34、dustrialization, the environment has beenpolluted. Lots of studies have been shown that global warming has already become a very seriously problem. The airs we breathe in is getting dirtier and dirtier. Much rare animals are dying out. We must found ways to protect your environment. If we fail to do

35、 so, well live to regret it.本文談到隨著工業(yè)化的發(fā)展，環(huán)境受到了污染。1. think thought 指小時候“想”。2. 在countryside前加the 表示“在農(nóng)村”習(xí)慣上說in the countryside。3. or and 因“空氣新鮮”與“山綠”是并列關(guān)系。4. on with 表示“隨著”用with。5. 去掉shown前的been 因“研究”與“表明”是主動關(guān)系。6. seriously serious 在名詞前作定語要用形容詞。7. airs air 因air是不可數(shù)名詞，沒有復(fù)數(shù)形式。8. Much Many 修飾可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)要用many

36、。9. found find 在情態(tài)動詞(must)后用動詞原形。10. your our /the 前后都是第一人次。2. 2015課標(biāo)卷 II One day, little Tony went to a shopping center with his parent. It was very crowded.Tony saw a toy on a shop window. He liked itso very much that he quickly walked into theshop. After looks at the toy for some time, he turned

37、around and found where his parents were missing. Tony was scared and begun to cry. A woman saw him crying and tellinghim to wait outside a shop. Five minutes later, Tony saw parents. Momsaid, “How nice to see you again! Dad and I were terrible worried. ” Tony promised her that this would never happe

38、n again. 作者敘述Tony跟父母去購物時走丟，后又找到父母的經(jīng)歷。1. parent parents 由下文的his parents were missing可知用復(fù)數(shù)。2. on in 據(jù)常識，玩具應(yīng)在櫥窗里面，故用in。3. 去掉so后的very 這是sothat結(jié)構(gòu)，不用very。4. looks looking 介詞after后面接動名詞，故用looking。5. where that 或者去掉where賓語從句，從句的結(jié)構(gòu)與意思完整，用that引導(dǎo)或省略that。6. begun began 因begin的過去式是began。7. telling told 與前面的saw是并

39、列謂語，用told。8. a the 特指上文提到的那家商店，用the。9. saw后面加his 指Tony的父母，故加his。10. terrible terribly 修飾形容詞(worried)用副詞。3. 2013大綱卷In my family, there are three peoples. My father is hardworking but goes to work in the field every day. He isnt good at talk but he gets on well with other people. My mother is very muc

40、h kind and is friendly to everybody. So whenI have the problem, I will turn to her for help. Myfriends say I am clever. When the teacher asks us very difficulty questions, Ill think quickly andstand to answer. At home, my father often thinksIm silly. He said if I decide to do something, it takes him

41、 much times to stop me. This is how I need to improve in the future.4. 2012課標(biāo)卷I learned early in life that I had to be more patient and little aggressive. From the time I wasabout four until I was about six, I destroyed each of my toy. I was happy when the toys worked, butwhen things did wrong, I go

42、t angry and broke it. For a while, parents bought me new toys. But before long, they began to see which washappening. When I tear apart my fifth birthday toy train, my father said, “Thats it. No more toys to you.” My punishment lasted a year. Meanwhile, I found out that with more patience, I must ma

43、ke my toys to last. My attitude changedfrom then on.5. 2012大綱卷I Every one of us can make a great efforts to cutoff the use of energy in our country. To begin with,all of us can start reducing to the use of oil by driving only when we have a real need. That wont be easy, I know, but we have to start

44、anywhere. Whats more, we can go to work by bike once andtwice a week, and we can also buy smaller cars that burn little oil. Other way is to watch our everyday use of water and electric at home. For example, how manytimes have you walked out of a room and leave the lights or television when no one e

45、lse was there？6. 2012大綱卷II Dear Editor, Im writing to tell you opinion about water saving. Water is important. We, as well as animal, cannot live without water and neither agriculture or industry can go without it. Yet it seemed water is becoming less and less. Many countries in the world find wedon

46、t have enough water. To deal with aproblem, I think, we should first go all out to plant trees though trees will help save water. Next, not drinking water should beleft running. Third, we should find ways to reuse the water using in washing, especially bath water, for which is quite a lot, and that

47、will save much water. Sincerely, Li Hua7. 2011課標(biāo)卷My summer travel started terribly. I was at the Shanghai Railway Station buy a ticket to Hangzhou. I was going to visit a friend here, andafter that, I would go to Xiamen for long holiday.I bought my ticket but turned around to pick upmy bag from the

48、floor, and then I realized that someone had stolen it. Luckily, I had all my money on my pocket,but the only clothes I had was those I hadon. It felt very strange to travel without any luggages. When I finally arrived at myfriend he lent to me lots of clothes. I feel very happy that I could change m

49、y clothes at last.記述作者一次旅行開始時被偷走了行李，后來朋友送了衣服給作者，他感到很開心。1. buy buying 因句中已有謂語(was)，動詞buy應(yīng)為非謂語，因I與buy是主動關(guān)系，故用-ing形式作狀語。2. here there 習(xí)慣上說“去那里”“來這里”即go there, come here，而不說“去這里”“來那里”。3. 在for后加a因可數(shù)名詞holiday是單數(shù)，前面應(yīng)有限定詞；表示“一個” 長假，填a，與for a long time類似。4. but and 因“買票”與“轉(zhuǎn)身”是先后緊接著發(fā)生的兩個動作，順承關(guān)系，無轉(zhuǎn)折意義，故用and。5.

50、 on in 錢“在口袋里”，用in。6. was were 句中(that) I had是定語從句，主句主語是clothes，復(fù)數(shù)，故was改用were，才主謂一致。7. luggages luggage 因luggage或baggage(行李)是不可數(shù)名詞，沒有復(fù)數(shù)形式。表示幾件行李，要借用piece，如“三件行李” 說three pieces of luggage。8. friend friends 指到達(dá)“我朋友的家(my friends home)”，其中home可省略。又如：a butchers (shop)肉鋪，a tailors (shop)裁縫店，a barbers (sho

51、p)理發(fā)店，a doctors (office)診所，my sisters (home)我姐姐家，其中shop, office, home等表示處所的詞都可以省略，直接用名詞所有格表示。9. 去掉lent后的to由lend sb. sth.(借給某人某物)可知，不用to。但如果將sth.放到前面，則用to，即lend sth. to sb.。10. feel felt 上文謂語動詞都是用一般過去時，而feel卻用一般現(xiàn)在時，時態(tài)不一致。8. 2011大綱卷I One of my unforgettable memory of myschool in Xinjiang is that of lu

52、nches we brought from our homes. I hold my lunch-box in my hand when I was going to school. The smell from it was very good. Since thelunch bell finally rang, my friends and I met under a tall tree and had our lunches. My best friend, Aigulie, was used to share herNang to me. Nang is a specially kin

53、d of cake in Xinjiang. I like them very much. Now Aigulie and I study at different colleges or we can onlysee each other during the summer vacation. I think over her a lot and I miss the food and the good time we had together.作者對中學(xué)時光與當(dāng)時從家?guī)サ奈绮偷幕貞浥c思念。1. memory memories 因one of后面的名詞要用復(fù)數(shù)形式。2. lunches前加

54、the 因lunches后有定語從句修飾，特指從家里帶到學(xué)校的午餐。3. hold held 講述過去的事情。4. Since When 表示“當(dāng)午餐的鈴終于響起時”。5. 去掉used前的was 因表示“過去常常做某事”，是used to do sth.。6. to with 因share sth. with sb.(同某人分享某物)是固定搭配。7. specially special 因kind在這里是名詞，意為“種類”，修飾名詞應(yīng)用形容詞作定語。8. them it 替代前句中的a special kind of cake，是單數(shù)。9. or and 前后不是選擇關(guān)系。10. over

55、of 表示常常“想起”用think of。而think sth. over意為“慎重思考”。9. 2011大綱卷II Dear George, Its been a week after we left your family and we are now back home. Thank you very much for showing them around your city and providing usfor the wonderful meals. After we said goodbye toyou, we went to Washington D. C., where w

56、e stayed for three days. My brother was so much fond of the museums there that he begged my parents to staying anothercouple of day. However, my father had to return to work on Monday so we fly back last Saturdayafternoon. It was real a nice experience. If youd like to make trip to our city some day, I will be better than happy to be your guide.