高考英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法專題復(fù)習(xí)介詞考點(diǎn)匯總

1、高考英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法專題復(fù)習(xí)介詞考點(diǎn)匯總介詞不能單獨(dú)使用，必須后跟賓語(yǔ)，構(gòu)成介詞短語(yǔ)在句中使用，介詞短語(yǔ)由介詞+賓語(yǔ)構(gòu)成，在句中可作狀語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)和表語(yǔ)等。in, on, to, with, by, for, at, from, up, beyond, before, among, of, off, against, like, since, besides, behind, during等aboutbe about to 即將做What/How about ? 怎么樣for交換：He sold the house for 50,000 yuan.達(dá)到某一數(shù)值：She wrote a check for

2、20.贊成，擁護(hù)：Im for getting up early and going to bed early.固定搭配：for one thing首先f(wàn)or example例如for ever 永遠(yuǎn)for the time being 暫時(shí)，目前for instance 例如for free 免費(fèi)for the first time 第一次for sale 出售，待售watch out for警惕long for 渴望for ones good為（某人）好with和一起:：He is playing table tennis with Tom.用工具：Dont write with a pe

3、ncil.隨著：The weather changes with seasons.帶有，具有：Our company needs people with specialized knowledge.行為方式：Handle with care！原因：She shivered with cold.注意：with的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu) ：常在句中作狀語(yǔ)，表示伴隨動(dòng)作、行為方式及原因、條件或結(jié)果等情況。She often sleeps with the window open. (adj.)她經(jīng)常開著窗戶睡覺。He came in with a book in his hand. (prep.)他手里拿著本書進(jìn)來(lái)

4、了。She felt scared with so many people looking at her. （doing）這么多人看著她，她感到害怕。With everything bought, he left the market. (done)買完了所需要的東西之后，他離開了市場(chǎng)。With nothing to do, he went out for a walk .(to do)由于沒(méi)有什么事情可做，他便到外面散步。He left his room with the light on. (adv.)他離開了房間，燈亮著。by用于被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)：This book was written by

5、 Lu Xun.表地點(diǎn)，“靠近，在的旁邊”：There is a pumping station by the river.表時(shí)間，“在之前，不遲于”： You must hand in your homework by tomorrow.表方法、手段：You will make progress only by studying hard.途徑：He entered by the back door.表示按某物標(biāo)準(zhǔn)或單位：The company paid me by the hour.根據(jù)，按照：Dont judge a person by his appearance.觸及，持住某人的身體

6、或衣物：I took the boy by the hand.表增減程度：He missed the target by an inch.固定搭配：little by little 逐漸地stone by stone 一塊石頭一塊石頭地one by one 一個(gè)一個(gè)地by mistake 由疏忽所至by no means決不by accident偶然by chance偶然，碰巧by oneself 獨(dú)自by and by不久以后by far 得多，最to趨于，傾向（某種情況，性質(zhì)等），至某種狀態(tài)： I was moved to tears.到（地點(diǎn)）：Last week her aunt ca

7、me to Shanghai.給：I often write to my uncle.差（時(shí)間）：It is ten to eleven.比： The score is 2 to 1.伴隨：He danced to the music.他隨著音樂(lè)跳舞。固定搭配: to ones delight =to the delight of sb. 使某人高興的是to ones joy = to the joy of sb.使某人高興的是to ones sorrow=to the sorrow of sb.使某人悲傷的是to ones astonishment =to the astonishment

8、of sb. 使某人大吃一驚的是to ones surprise =to the surprise of sb. 使某人吃驚的是off離, 從離開：It is an island off the coast of France.through通過(guò)，“從一邊進(jìn)，從另一邊出”：She pushed her way through the crowd.由于：The war was lost through bad organization.從頭至尾，由始至終：I read through the book.各處：We traveled through France.beyond表示位置在那一邊，超出

9、（范圍、限度）：My home is beyond the bridge.This is beyond my comprehension.The fruit was beyond my reach.against反對(duì)，違背：We are against waste.靠著，倚：I sat against the wall.以為背景，襯托：The picture looks good against that light wall.防御：We are all taking medicine against the disease.我們大家都在吃藥預(yù)防那種病。與相反，逆著：We sailed aga

10、inst the wind.at在 （表空間、地點(diǎn)）：I dont know the man standing at the gate.在時(shí)刻（表時(shí)間）：We usually go to work at two in the afternoon.以（速度、價(jià)格）：They sold their beef at a high price.處于狀態(tài)，從事于：The two countries were at war.表示目標(biāo)，意為“朝，對(duì)”：We had a heated argument and shouted at each other.與有情感的詞語(yǔ)連用（如angry, delighted,

11、 glad, happy, sad, disappointed, shocked, excited等）表示產(chǎn)生這些感情的原因，“因?yàn)椋瑢?duì)于”：I was surprised at the news.We were in deep sorrow at his death.Im glad at hearing your return home from Canada.His parents were disappointed at his losing the chance to university.固定搭配：at the latest 最遲at sea在海上，在航海at once 馬上at m

12、ost 至多at least至少at first起初，開始的時(shí)候at present目前at one time 曾經(jīng)at a time 一次at breakfast吃早餐時(shí)at the same time同時(shí)at stake在勝敗關(guān)頭，冒風(fēng)險(xiǎn)over超過(guò)：There are over twenty girls in our class.遍于：I have traveled all over Europe.在上方（與under相反）：There is a bridge over the river.越過(guò)(尤指先往上再往下)：He jumped over the wall.在期間：Will you

13、 be at home over Christmas?通過(guò)：I dont want to say it over the telephone.在上面蓋著：He put the newspaper over his face.in在方面：Your success in the examination depends upon your efforts now.用語(yǔ)言：He wrote a letter in English.表示計(jì)算或度量的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，“用，以”：The energy is measured in calories.在之內(nèi)（表時(shí)間或空間）：The work was completed

14、in two weeks.過(guò)后（時(shí)間）:It will be ready in a week.穿、戴：He is in a silk shirt.表狀態(tài)：He was in poor health.The room is in a mess.表示原材料：The letter was written in ink.固定搭配：in public 公開地in order to 為了in no time立刻in common 共同，共用in all總共in fact 實(shí)際上in the end最后，終于in the distance 在遠(yuǎn)處in a low voice低聲地in a word 總之in

15、 other words換句話說(shuō)in modern times 現(xiàn)代，近代in place在適當(dāng)?shù)牡胤絠n general一般說(shuō)來(lái)in the past 在過(guò)去in this way 用這種方法in return 作為回報(bào)in short簡(jiǎn)言之in the open air 在戶外take pride in 以自豪take part in參加play a part in在方面起作用in the form of以形式in sight在視力范圍之內(nèi)，看得見in case 萬(wàn)一in the name of以名義in detail 詳細(xì)地on在的表面上：There are two maps on th

16、e wall.在的時(shí)候（某日或某日的上午、下午、晚上），表具體或特殊的日子：On the morning of November 12, 1939, Dr. Bethune breathed his last.有關(guān)，論及：I have written an article on the importance of birth control.在河畔，沿著：London is on the Thames.是的一員：My classmate is on China Daily.固定搭配：on doing sth. 一就on leave休假on purpose故意on holiday度假on the

17、 whole總的來(lái)說(shuō)on fire 著火on ones own 獨(dú)自，單獨(dú)on strike 罷工on the left/right 在左/右邊on the contrary 相反地on sale 出售/減價(jià)on average平均on the air（無(wú)線電/電視）播送on board在車/船/飛機(jī)上call on sb. 拜訪某人on behalf of代表On (hearing). 一（聽到）就of和某一動(dòng)詞連用表示“想到”，“談到”：He began to talk of his hometown.表示所屬關(guān)系：He is a worker of the Beijing.fromfro

18、m among(從當(dāng)中)，from behind （從后面），from under (從下面)，at about (在大約左右)，after about(在大約之后)，from across(從的對(duì)岸)，from above(從上方)等I took a ball from under the table.我從桌底拿出一個(gè)球。易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)點(diǎn)撥： 1in 與withinin后接表示時(shí)間長(zhǎng)度的名詞，可以與將來(lái)時(shí)或過(guò)去時(shí)連用。如果它與將來(lái)時(shí)連用，則常表示“過(guò)一段時(shí)間之后”；如果與非將來(lái)時(shí)連用，常表示“在之內(nèi)”。The train will arrive in fifteen minutes.火車還有十五分鐘

19、就到了。within后接表示時(shí)間長(zhǎng)度的名詞，表示在這一范圍之內(nèi)，“不超過(guò)，不到”某一段時(shí)間?？梢酝瑢?lái)時(shí)和過(guò)去時(shí)連用，比in更正式。I shall be back within three weeks.我三周之內(nèi)回來(lái)。2in 和afterin后接一段時(shí)間，after接某一點(diǎn)的時(shí)間，均可用于將來(lái)時(shí)。in不可以接表示某一點(diǎn)的時(shí)間名詞，而after如果在過(guò)去時(shí)的句子中可以加一段的時(shí)間名詞，表示從過(guò)去某一時(shí)間算起，in加一段時(shí)間指從現(xiàn)在的時(shí)間算起。Ill come back in an hour.我要在一小時(shí)后回來(lái)。 ( in an hour為一段時(shí)間 )Ill come back after thr

20、ee oclock.我要在三點(diǎn)鐘之后回來(lái)。（ three oclock為時(shí)間點(diǎn) ）3through , across和over它們都可用作介詞，與動(dòng)詞連用，表示“通過(guò)，穿過(guò)”。但across強(qiáng)調(diào)在某一物體平面上運(yùn)動(dòng)，與on有關(guān)，側(cè)重橫貫式橫向通過(guò)；through強(qiáng)調(diào)運(yùn)動(dòng)在某一物體的三維空間（內(nèi)部）進(jìn)行，與in有關(guān)，側(cè)重在空間穿過(guò)；over是從某物體上方越過(guò)，或在高形物上穿過(guò)，當(dāng)表示在某一長(zhǎng)形物的另一邊時(shí)用法同across.Then we took off and flew over the mountain.隨后我們起飛了，飛過(guò)高山。The road runs through the vill

21、age.這條路穿過(guò)這村子。They walked across the square.他們走過(guò)廣場(chǎng)。4besides 和except, butbesides “除之外，還有”，表示附加意義；except“除了，不包括”，常與表示全肯定或全部否定的詞連用，表示整體中除去例外，即整體中不再包括除去部分。but意義與except相同，但語(yǔ)氣較except弱；使用except的限制較少，而使用but則有許多限制，but只能用在none, all, nobody, anybody, everything, everyone,以及who, what, where之后。We all went to the

22、party besides Tom.除了湯姆參加了晚會(huì)，我們也去了。We all went to the party except /but Tom. 除了湯姆沒(méi)去晚會(huì)，我們都去了。Who but/except a fool would do such a thing?除了傻瓜，有誰(shuí)會(huì)做這樣的事情呢？5except 和except forexcept 是從一組東西中排除其特殊一個(gè)或幾個(gè)，except for則是以保留的方式對(duì)整個(gè)句子內(nèi)容進(jìn)行修正，也就是說(shuō)，如果兩部分所用的詞或詞組所表示的并非同一類事，而它們之間又是所屬關(guān)系，句子后半部對(duì)前半部所說(shuō)的基本情況在細(xì)節(jié)上加以修正，就要用except for。except只用于句中、句末，不用于句首。Except for可用于句首。I looked everywhere except in the bathroom.除了浴室之外，我到處都看了。He is a good man except for hot temper.他是個(gè)好人，只是脾氣暴躁而已。6It be + 形容詞+ for sb. to do sth./ It be + 形容詞+of sb. to do sth.如果句型中的形容詞描述的是sb.的品質(zhì)、品格，在邏輯上可以作sb.的表語(yǔ)，則sb.前應(yīng)用介詞of，否則就用for。Its necessary f