高考英語閱讀理解和任務(wù)型閱讀專練

1、閱讀理解專項練習(xí)（一）高考英語閱讀理解語篇的讀解能力培養(yǎng)（訓(xùn)練步驟：第一，先閱讀每個段落的提問；第二，自己思考答案；第三，看參考答案；第四，最后再閱讀全文。）段落一：For almost two months Dominic York, a 23-year-old hairdresser, wandered about hospitals all night, wearing a white coat and pretending he was a doctor. Yesterday he proudly claimed in court that despite his complete l

2、ack of medical experience or qualifications, he had saved several peoples lives. He had even been allowed to assist a surgeon during an emergency operation on a patient who was about to die on something she had swallowed. 本段交代了幾件事情？答：本段交代了兩件事情。首句介紹了一個叫Dominic York的青年幾乎兩個月以來在醫(yī)院周邊走動。后兩句話講述這名青年干過的“偉業(yè)”。

3、 句和句是什么關(guān)系？答：句是對句的遞進說明。該青年不但救了好幾人的命，還能被準許在挽救一瀕死女子（she）的手術(shù)中幫個忙。 句交代了什么重要內(nèi)容？答：該句的in court表明該人上了法庭。句和句的內(nèi)容都是Dominic York在法庭上的陳述。段落二：“I watched one of those TV dramas about a hospital and suddenly I felt like playing one of the roles myself. So I put on a white jacket and a stethoscope(聽診器)and walked arou

4、nd one of the biggest hospital in London. At first I just watched. Once you learn how doctors talk to patients, nurses and others doctors, its easy to take people in,” he said. 本段交代了幾件事情？答：本段交代了兩件事情。針對上段第一句講述Dominic York的青年幾乎兩個月以來在醫(yī)院周邊走動，本段句句說明了他這么做的原因。句和句講述這名青年到醫(yī)院后的舉動以及如此舉動的原因。 句和句是什么關(guān)系？答：句是對句的解釋說明

5、。青年Dominic York為什么在一開始僅僅在那兒觀察（just watch）？因為他知道，一旦（once）學(xué)會了醫(yī)生是如何講話的，那么自己就能順利地冒充，而不被人識破。段落三：One of the patients he treated was Laura Kennan. She had been knocked down by a car and fainted. When she came to in hospital, York was standing over her. 本段交代了幾件事情？答：本段交代了三件事情。第一件事情是介紹一名被Dominic York治療過的叫作Lau

6、ra Kennan病人；再就是介紹這個病人因何事被送往醫(yī)院；最后交代該人一進醫(yī)院，Dominic York就站在她旁邊。 句交代了什么重要內(nèi)容？答：該句介紹了Laura Kennan因何被送往醫(yī)院：是因為被汽車撞倒后不省人事。段落四：“He looked very professional. He told me his name was Doctor Simon. Then he gave me some sort of injection,” she said. And then he suddenly cleared off when a nurse asked who he was.

7、She didnt think there was anything wrong. “I would never have realized he was a fake if a policewoman hadnt showed me his photograph a week later. When the policewoman told me who he really was, I could hardly believe my ears.” 本段交代了幾件事情？答：本段是女病人Laura Kennan對當時情景的講述?？梢酝茢?，Laura Kennan是在法庭（in court）的證

8、人席上講此番話的。 句句和句交代了什么重要內(nèi)容？答：該句交代了Laura Kennan見到假醫(yī)生Dominic York后的第一印象。他雖然是個冒牌醫(yī)生，但是看上去很是專業(yè)（very professional），還起了個假稱呼（Doctor Simon）。這個假醫(yī)生還給Laura Kennan注射了什么。 句和句以及句是什么關(guān)系？答：句是對句的交代說明。句講Dominic York被護士詢問后突然（suddenly）消失（clear off），按說這一情況很是令人生疑，可也許是因為他裝得太專業(yè)了（looked very professional），以至于Laura Kennan不認為這有什么不

9、對勁（didnt think there was anything wrong）。 句和句是什么關(guān)系？答：句是對句的進一步說明。不但她（Laura Kennan）當時沒看出異常，就是事后也覺察不出異常。要不是警察提醒，她將永遠被瞞在鼓里。句的語氣是對過去事情的一種虛擬假設(shè)：“要不是警察在一周后向他出示該假醫(yī)生的照片，她將永遠不能意識到（would never have realized）該人是冒牌醫(yī)生?！倍聦嵣夏?，警察既出示了照片，她也意識到了該人是冒牌大夫。 句交代了什么重要內(nèi)容？答：句側(cè)面強化了句。他裝得太象了（looked very professional），以至于當Laura Ke

10、nnan被告之真相后，竟然幾乎不敢（could hardly）相信自己的耳朵（believe my ears）。段落五：Judge Raymond Adams told York that he was “shocked and horrified” that he got away with his deceiving for so long. And then sentenced him to eighteen months in a special prison for criminal with mental disorders. 本段交代了幾件事情？答：由于文章首段句里的in cou

11、rt交代了假醫(yī)生Dominic York在法庭上做著陳述，因此本段筆鋒一轉(zhuǎn)，講起了法庭里的另一主角：法官。本段描述法官的審判感受以及斷案結(jié)果。 句句交代了什么重要內(nèi)容？答：句交代了法官的審判感受，假醫(yī)生屢屢得手后的逃離令他（he）又驚又怕（shocked and horrified）。是呀，這假大夫治病，那后果可難說啊。句交代了法官的審判結(jié)果，他把這假大夫Dominic York關(guān)到一個為精神異常的犯人準備的特殊監(jiān)獄里，刑期18個月。段落六：“I can only hope that this will not lead to further problems. After all, you

12、will have considerable opportunity to study the behaviour of the psychiatrists(精神科醫(yī)生)who will look after you while you are there. If you try to persuade people that you yourself are a psychiatrist after you are set free, I shall make sure that you are given a much longer sentence.” Judge Adams warne

13、d York. 本段交代了什么事情？答：本段交代了法官在審判后對被告人Dominic York的警告（warning）。 句和句是什么關(guān)系？答：句是對句的解釋說明。為什么法官講自己僅能希望（can only hope）這將不會導(dǎo)致更多麻煩（further problems）？是因為Dominic York被關(guān)進了一個常接觸醫(yī)生的監(jiān)獄，在那里其有足夠的機會去觀察學(xué)習(xí)（have considerable opportunity to study）精神科醫(yī)生的舉止，萬一他出獄后改成冒充精神科醫(yī)生，干起了精神病治精神病的事兒，豈不更遭？ 句交代了什么重要內(nèi)容？答：為了防止出現(xiàn)句所述的更多麻煩，法官只能

14、威脅被告：“要是你敢在釋放后（after you are set free）冒充精神科醫(yī)生，我定將加重判決”。1、快速瀏覽題干，通過題干先對問題做一些區(qū)分。一般來說，出題人在題目的設(shè)置方面，都會按照文章的內(nèi)容來依次設(shè)置問題的順序。問題設(shè)置的難度也是由淺入深。所以，大家在第一遍閱讀文章時，基本上可以將該篇文章的1-3小題做出答案或是找到問題在文章中顯示的位置。如果是考細節(jié)的題目，你可以在第一遍瀏覽文章的時候，拿鉛筆把題干中最具代表性的幾個詞劃出來，為第二遍精讀時找尋答案或是思考答案做鋪墊。 2、看過題干之后，再返回原文閱讀，在閱讀的過程中不用過于注重詞句的把握，遇到不認識的單詞不必作太久的停留，

15、以免影響閱讀速度。 3、近些年英語閱讀的特點是幾乎不出現(xiàn)需要綜合跨段的信息情況。因而，理解之后就可以立即返回題目，閱讀選項進行選擇。 5、在做態(tài)度題的時候，尤其要注意開頭和結(jié)尾部分，重點是形容詞的把握，并且要重視文中出現(xiàn)的有明顯轉(zhuǎn)折詞的地方。 將題型分類更科學(xué)： 詞匯題。這類題考查目的是，讓考生以上下文內(nèi)容為參考，嘗試理解文中出現(xiàn)的生詞。而文章中出現(xiàn)這個生詞的位置，往往下文中出現(xiàn)的內(nèi)容是對這個詞的解釋、說明、舉例等。 主旨題。大家應(yīng)該很熟悉這類題型。碰到這類題最簡單的方法是把文中每段的首句串起來考慮。若是僅問其中某一段的中心思想，則可將該段的首、尾句加起來考慮。 作者觀點、態(tài)度題。這種題是考查

16、讀者對于作者的寫作意圖和態(tài)度是否明了。解題的關(guān)鍵是要看作者在文中用了什么樣的口氣。若用褒義詞，顯然是贊成；若用貶義詞，顯然是反對；若客觀陳述，則是中性的立場，不偏不倚。更為明顯地一個解題辦法，就是尋找文中的轉(zhuǎn)折詞，一般轉(zhuǎn)折此后面的文段表明了作者的觀點。 細節(jié)問題。這類題出現(xiàn)的特點是，以考查文章中某一個細節(jié)問題為入手點。它可能出現(xiàn)與原文中某一句話。但是，往往照抄原文的句子并不一定是正確選項。這類題的正確答案，應(yīng)該是與原文意思和所問問題相符的才對。 推理性問題。既然這類題被命名為推理題，你就不應(yīng)該指望在原文中搜索出答案，而應(yīng)該通過自己的理解去推理答案，但切忌憑空瞎想，要忠實原文內(nèi)容去推理。這類題是

17、閱讀理解種最難的一類問題。你只有以原文中某句話或某個詞語為依據(jù)去合理推測才能找到合適的答案。 做英語閱讀，需要有量的積累，但是如果只知道一味埋頭做題，同樣無濟于事。做了一定量的題目以后，需要有一個反思總結(jié)。要把自己錯的題歸類出來，屬于上面5種題型的哪一種。并將自己的答案與參考答案進行對比，體會出題者的意圖和你理解的偏差。俗話說吃一塹長一智，再同一類型題上多次總結(jié)錯誤后，我相信你就會慢慢地減少錯誤率。最后得到滿意的結(jié)果。閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的四個選項(A、B、C和D)中，選出最佳選項。 Although man has known asbestos for many hundreds of

18、years, it was not until 160 years ago that it was mined for the first time on the North American continent. H. W. Johns, owner of a New York City Supply Shop for roofers, was responsible for(對負責) the opening of that first mine. Mr. Johns was given a piece of asbestos which had been found in Italy. H

19、e experimented with the material and then showed its surprising powers to his customers. After putting on a pair of asbestos gloves, which looked much like ordinary work gloves, he took red-hot coals from the fireplace and played with them in his hands. How astonished the customers were to discover

20、that he was not burned at all. You can well imagine that he had increasing business in asbestos roofing materials. However, because it was very expensive to transport (carry) them from Italy to the United States, Mr. Johns sent out a young scientist to seek a source nearer home. This young man found

21、 great vein(巖脈), in the province of Quebec in Canada. Ever since 1881 Quebec has led the world in the production of this unusual mineral, which is made up of magnesium, silicon, iron, and oxygen. When it is mined, the asbestos is heavy, just as you would expect a mineral to be. When it is separated,

22、 a strange thing happens; the rock breaks down into fine, soft, soapy fibers(纖維). Scientists do not know why the rock can be separated easily into threads(線), but they have found thousands of uses of this fireproof material, of the so-called “cloth of stone”.1. Which title best expresses the main id

23、ea of this passage?A. Asbestos mined in CanadaB. Fireproof matterC. A “wonder” mineralD. A new roofing material2. Johns proved his ability as a salesman by_.A. going into roofing businessB. carrying asbestos from ItalyC. sending a trained scientistD. showing the use of asbestos gloves3. Which is the

24、 most important character of asbestos that the author wants to show us? A. It is like thread.B. It feels soapy.C. It burns easily.D. It is unusually heavy.4. The authors main purpose in writing this passage was to _.A. show the need for more scientistsB. compare asbestos with other mineralsC. increa

25、se the sales of asbestosD. present facts about asbestosBEvery object tells a story. Even the most ordinary objects can present to us powerful images. Sometimes it is the ordinary nature of these objects that actually makes them so extraordinary. Such is the case with an old leather shoe in a museum

26、in Alaska. At first glance it does not look like much. It is a womans shoe of a style popular in the 1890s. But what is unique(獨特的) about this shoe is where it was found. It was discovered on the Checkout Pass, the famous trail used by the people seeking gold in Alaska. Who it belonged to or why it

27、was left there is not known. Was it perhaps dropped by accident as the woman climbed up the 1500 stairs carved outface? Or did she throw away goods that she didnt need in order to travel lighter?Over 100, 000 people with “gold fever” made this trip hoping to become millionaires. Few of them understo

28、od that on their way they would have to cross a harsh wildness. Unprepared for such a dangerous journey, many died of starvation and exposure to the cold weather. The Canadian government finally started requiring the gold seekers to bring one ton of supplies with them. This was thought to be enough

29、for a person to survive for one year. They would carry their supplies in backpacks(背包) each weighing up to fifty pounds; it usually took at least 40 trips to get everything to the top and over the pass. Whoever dropped the shoe must have been a brave and determined woman. Perhaps she was successful

30、and made it to Alaska. Perhaps she had to turn back in defeat. No one will ever know for sure, but what we do know is that she took part in one of the greatest adventures in the 19th century. 5. The ordinary womans leather shoe is considered unusual because _. A. it was an important clue to life in

31、the past B. it was found on a famous trail C. it at one time belonged to a VIP D. it was a fashionable shoe at that time 6. According to this passage, many people who went to Alaska _. A. eventually became millionaires B. brought with them many shoes C. had conflicts with the Eskimos D. were not pro

32、perly equipped 7. The Canadian government made gold seekers bring one years supplies with them so that _. A. they would not die of hunger and cold B. the army would have enough food for fighting a war C. they would change these goods with the Eskimos D. the supplies would make Alaska rich 8. No matt

33、er what happened to the woman who owned the shoe, _. A. she must have lived a happy life B. she certainly dropped the shoe on purpose C. her adventurous spirit is definitely admired D. her other shoes were equally fashionable CWith only about 1, 000 pandas left in the world, China is desperately try

34、ing to clone(克隆) the animal and save the endangered species(物種). Thats a move similar to what a Texas A & M University researchers have been undertaking for the past five years in a project called “Noahs Ark”. Noahs Ark is aimed at collecting eggs, embryos(胚胎), semen and DNA of endangered animal

35、s and storing them in liquid nitrogen. If certain species should become extinct, Dr. Duane Kraemer, a professor in Texas A & Ms College of Veterinary Medicine, says there would be enough of the basic building blocks to reintroduce the species in the future. It is estimated that as many as 2, 000

36、 species of mammals, birds reptiles will become extinct in over 100 years. The panda, native only to China, is in danger of becoming extinct in the next 25 years. This week, Chinese scientists said they grew an embryo by introducing cells from a dead female panda into the egg cells of a Japanese whi

37、te rabbit. They are now trying to implant the embryo into a host animal. The entire procedure could take from three to five years to complete. “The nuclear transfer(核子移植) of one species to another is not easy, and the lack of available(capable of being used) panda eggs could be a major problem,” Kra

38、emer believes. “They will probably have to do several hundred transfers to result in one pregnancy (having a baby). It takes a long time and its difficult, but this could be groundbreaking science if it works. They are certainly not putting any live pandas at risk, so it is worth the effort,” adds K

39、raemer, who is one of the leaders of the Project at Texas A& M, the first-ever attempt at cloning a dog. “They are trying to do something thats never been done, and this is very similar to our work in Noahs Ark. Were both trying to save animals that face extinction. I certainly appreciate their

40、effort and theres a lot we can learn from what they are attempting to do. Its a research that is very much needed.” 9. The aim of “Noahs Ark” project is to _.A. make efforts to clone the endangered pandasB. save endangered animals from dying outC. collect DNA of endangered animals to studyD. transfe

41、r the nuclear of one animal to another10. According to Professor Kraemer, the major problem in cloning pandas would be the lack of _.A. available panda eggsB. host animalsC. qualified researchersD. enough money11. The best title for the passage may be _.A. Chinas Success in Pandas Cloning  

42、;  B. The First Cloned Panda in the World C. Exploring the Possibility to Clone Pandas D. China the Native Place of Pandas Forever12. From the passage we know that _.A. Kraemer and his team have succeeded in cloning a dog B. scientists try to implant a pandas egg into a rabbit C. Kraemer will w

43、ork with Chinese scientists in clone researches D. about two thousand of species will probably die out in a century DOn Saturday August 12, 2000, during Northern Fleet training exercises in the Barents Sea, the Russian nuclear submarine(潛水艇) Kursk sank in about 100 meters of water with some 118 sail

44、ors aboard. It's known later that several officers were also aboard, observing the training exercises. The Kursk is lying on the ocean floor in the Barents Sea. The Russian Navy said that it was listing 30 degrees to port. Other sources reported it was listing as much 60 as degrees. According to

45、 a Russian newspaper, when the submarine Kursk failed to make contact with the naval command at the right time later that day, Northern Fleet Commander Admiral Vyachesav Popov ordered rescue ships into the area. It took hours to find the submarine, as it didn't launch(發(fā)射) a marking buoy(浮) befor

46、e sinking. Russian Navy Chief insisted that the submarine Kursk had been involved(卷入) in a major collision(碰撞), but a great deal of information shows that this is not true. Up till now, it's believed that an explosion in the torpedo compartment(魚雷艙) in the nose of the Kursk was the likely cause.

47、 Now Russian government officially asked Norway for help in recovering of sailors' bodies first of all, and Norway has agreed to offer all help. But Russian insisted that only Russians work inside the submarine Kursk and that the work last for about 1018 working days. It is expected to recover o

48、nly 2535 bodies from the Kursk. It was not until October 25, when a team of Russian divers entered the submarine Kursk, some 350 feet below the surface, that truth became clear. On November 7, in the morning, owing to(由于) the icy and the cold weather, a special rescue meeting held on Murmansk decided to stop the whole bodies recovering operation. 13. From the text we can infer that _ led to the sinking of the submarine Kursk. A. a small fighting with another fore