必修四unit3和unit4grammar之現(xiàn)在分詞做表語-定語-賓補和狀語

1、Review: -ing形式作主語和賓語形式作主語和賓語作主語作主語1. _is talking to a wall.(talk) 對他說話等于對牛彈琴。對他說話等于對牛彈琴。2. It is no use _ here.(wait) 在這里等是沒有用處的。在這里等是沒有用處的。3. _ is my sole exercise. (walk) 散步是我唯一的運動。散步是我唯一的運動。4._ is my job. (teach) 我的工作是教你們英語。我的工作是教你們英語。 Talking to himWalking waitingTeaching you English作賓語作賓語5. I s

2、uggest _.(focus) 我建議集中精神在學習上。我建議集中精神在學習上。6. He admitted _. 他承認錢是他拿的。他承認錢是他拿的。 7. I couldnt help _.(laugh) 我禁不住笑了起來。我禁不住笑了起來。8. Your coat needs _.(paint) 你的大衣需要刷一下。你的大衣需要刷一下。focusing on studytaking the moneylaughingpainting1. The story is interesting. 2. The running man is Wangbaoqiang.3.We can see a

3、 boy singing in the picture. 賓語補足語賓語補足語表語表語定語定語表語：放在系動詞后面表語：放在系動詞后面思考：劃線的單詞在句子中所作什么成分呢？思考：劃線的單詞在句子中所作什么成分呢？定語：定語：的，的，+名詞名詞 / 名詞名詞+短語短語賓補：放在賓語后面，賓補：放在賓語后面， 對賓語進行補充說明對賓語進行補充說明動詞動詞-ing形式作：形式作：定語定語 (相當于形容詞相當于形容詞)表語表語 賓語補足語賓語補足語 (補充說明賓語補充說明賓語)一、動詞一、動詞-ing-ing形式作表語，放在系動詞后，形式作表語，放在系動詞后，即即“系動詞系動詞+ +表語表語”。系動

4、詞：系動詞：be, turn, go, grow, become, get(be, turn, go, grow, become, get(變變得得), look(), look(看起來看起來), sound (), sound (聽起來聽起來), feel ), feel ( (摸起來摸起來), seem, appear(), seem, appear(似乎似乎),remain ,stay, ),remain ,stay, keepkeep等之后等之后 表示抽象、一般性行為表示抽象、一般性行為,說明主語的內(nèi)容。說明主語的內(nèi)容。 My job is teaching you English.

5、My favorite sport is swimming. 改錯：改錯： My hobby is play computer games.playing2. 表示主語的性質(zhì)和特征，相當于形容詞，這時表示主語的性質(zhì)和特征，相當于形容詞，這時候的動詞候的動詞-ing 也可稱作現(xiàn)在分詞。也可稱作現(xiàn)在分詞。 The story she told us was very interesting. The news is exciting. 這個時候多指物，這個時候多指物，“令人令人 的的”,常見的有常見的有:astonishing，amazing , surprising, shocking 令人吃驚

6、的令人吃驚的, boring，tiring令人厭煩的令人厭煩的, 無聊的無聊的encouraging, inspiring,令人鼓舞的令人鼓舞的 moving感人的感人的 interesting有趣的有趣的等。等。即學即練：即學即練：The story is _ (move)moving2. Mr Smith, _ of the _ speech, started to read a novel. tired; boring B. tiring; bored C. tired; bored D. tiring; boring注意：分詞作表語注意：分詞作表語現(xiàn)在分詞現(xiàn)在分詞-ing過去分詞過去分

7、詞-ed指物，令人指物，令人的的指人，感到指人，感到的的即學即練：即學即練：1.完成句子完成句子那故事太動人了，他被深深地感動了。那故事太動人了，他被深深地感動了。(move) He was deeply _ because the story was _.movedmovingThe Present participle used as an atrribute動詞動詞-ing作定語作定語1 ing作定語時，單個動詞作定語時，單個動詞-ing放在被修飾名詞放在被修飾名詞的前面，即的前面，即“動詞動詞ing +名詞名詞”,簡稱前置定語。簡稱前置定語。 a reading room 閱覽室，表示

8、作用閱覽室，表示作用/功能功能 a reading student 正在讀書的學生，表示動作正在讀書的學生，表示動作/ 狀態(tài)狀態(tài)2.-ing短語作定語時，放在所修飾的名詞之后。即短語作定語時，放在所修飾的名詞之后。即“名詞名詞+動詞動詞-ing 短語短語”,簡稱后置定語，意思上簡稱后置定語，意思上相相 當于一個定語從句。當于一個定語從句。the boy standing under the tree站在樹下的男孩站在樹下的男孩the girl eating an apple 吃蘋果的女孩吃蘋果的女孩a running manThe man running inthe picture is Li

9、u Xiang. 定語定語The man who is running in the picture is Liu Xiang.相當于一個定語從句：相當于一個定語從句：1.They lived in a room _.(face)他們住在一間面朝街的房子他們住在一間面朝街的房子分析：主干分析：主干(主謂主謂)：他們住在一間房子。：他們住在一間房子。They lived in a room. 句中已有謂語動詞句中已有謂語動詞lived了。那么括號里給出的動了。那么括號里給出的動詞面向詞面向face,就是非謂語動詞了。就是非謂語動詞了。face與所修飾名詞與所修飾名詞a room主動還是被動呢？主

10、動用主動還是被動呢？主動用-ing， 被動用過去分詞被動用過去分詞-ed。所以主動。所以主動 facing 。 （.的房子？面朝街的，作定語，修飾名詞的房子？面朝街的，作定語，修飾名詞a room）2.The man _ (deliver) a speech at the meeting now is from Japan.主干（主謂）：主干（主謂）：The man is from Japan.句中已有句中已有is的謂語動詞了，那么思考一下給出的動詞的謂語動詞了，那么思考一下給出的動詞deliver 是主動還是被動呢？是主動還是被動呢？facing the street delivering4

11、.Lessons _(learn) in sports can help us in our dealing with other people.分析：主干分析：主干(主謂主謂)：Lessons can help us in our dealing with other people.因句中已有謂語動詞因句中已有謂語動詞can help，可見，可見learn 為非謂語動詞，為非謂語動詞，與與lessons 是被動關(guān)系，所以用是被動關(guān)系，所以用-ed形式形式learned。learned3. -ing形式短語也可以用作非限制定語形式短語也可以用作非限制定語, 相當于一個非限制性定語從句相當于一個

12、非限制性定語從句, 這時這時, 它與句子其他部分用逗號分開。如：它與句子其他部分用逗號分開。如：His brother, working as a teacher, lives in Beijing. = His brother, who is working as a teacher, lives in Beijing. 他那個當教師的哥哥住在北京。他那個當教師的哥哥住在北京。The Present participle used as an object complement 分詞作賓語補足語分詞作賓語補足語We can see a boy singing in the picture.賓

13、語補足語賓語補足語主語主語謂語謂語賓語賓語We can see her listening to music.表示的是正在發(fā)生的動作表示的是正在發(fā)生的動作表示動作的全過程。表示動作的全過程。例如：例如：I saw Linda playing jokes on my little I saw Linda playing jokes on my little brother.brother.我看我看見見琳琳達達正在捉弄我的小弟弟。正在捉弄我的小弟弟。( (表表示示動動作正在作正在進進行行) )I saw Linda play jokes on my little brother.I saw Lin

14、da play jokes on my little brother.我看我看見見琳琳達達捉弄了我的小弟弟。捉弄了我的小弟弟。( (表示表示動動作的全作的全過過程程) )全析提示：全析提示：接現(xiàn)在分詞作賓語補足語的動詞有：接現(xiàn)在分詞作賓語補足語的動詞有：1 1感感：feel,feel, 2 2聽：聽：hear, listen to,hear, listen to, 5 5看：看：see, see, look at, watch, observe, notice, look at, watch, observe, notice, 使役動詞：使役動詞：let, make, have, get le

15、t, make, have, get ，以及以及catchcatch， find, find, smell, keep, leavesmell, keep, leave等。等。We can see five kids running towards us in the picture.Im sorry to have_ for so long.1.不好意思讓你等這么久。不好意思讓你等這么久。(keep)2.他父親不讓他抽煙。他父親不讓他抽煙。(let) His father do not _. kept you waitinglet him smoke-ed著重動作完成，表明動作的結(jié)果，它與賓

16、語著重動作完成，表明動作的結(jié)果，它與賓語之間是被動的邏輯主謂關(guān)系之間是被動的邏輯主謂關(guān)系 (to )do強調(diào)動作的強調(diào)動作的結(jié)果，完成或一次性結(jié)果，完成或一次性動作動作.1. I saw Bob beating the boy. 3. I saw the boy beaten by Bob. 2. I saw Bob beat the boy. ing 著重動作的著重動作的過程，正在進行或反復過程，正在進行或反復的動作的動作(我看見我看見Bob正在打這個男孩正在打這個男孩)(我看見我看見Bob打這個男孩打這個男孩)(我看見這個男孩被我看見這個男孩被Bob打打) 定義：說明事物發(fā)生的時間，原因，

17、定義：說明事物發(fā)生的時間，原因，條件，方式或伴隨，地點，結(jié)果，讓步，條件，方式或伴隨，地點，結(jié)果，讓步，程度等情況的詞叫做狀語。程度等情況的詞叫做狀語。 狀語可以由副詞，短語以及從句來狀語可以由副詞，短語以及從句來擔任。擔任。Because I catch a cold, I dont feel like going school tomorrow.V-ing 作狀語作狀語 的的用法用法即：即：V-ingV-ing短語在句子中作短語在句子中作狀語，可以表示時間，原狀語，可以表示時間，原因，結(jié)果，條件，讓步，因，結(jié)果，條件，讓步，方式或伴隨動作等。方式或伴隨動作等。用作狀語的用作狀語的動詞動詞-

18、ing 形式形式，此時可叫做此時可叫做“現(xiàn)在分詞現(xiàn)在分詞”。1). Hearing the news, they immediately set off for Shanghai.2). Having turned off the TV set, he began to go over Chinese.時間時間When they heard the news,時間時間After he had turned off the TV set,1.作時間狀語作時間狀語,相當于時間狀語從句。相當于時間狀語從句。 常用常用引導詞：引導詞：when, while, as ,once, since, befo

19、re, after, till, until, as soon as 等等 。1). Being ill, he didnt go to school yesterday.2). Not knowing how to get there, I had to ask the way.原因原因Because/Since he was ill, 原因原因As I did not know how to get there，2. 作原因狀語，作原因狀語，相當于原因狀語從句相當于原因狀語從句常用引導詞：常用引導詞：because, since, as Working hard at your lesso

20、ns, youll surely succeed.條件條件If you work hard at your lesson，3. 作條件狀語，作條件狀語，相當于條件狀語從句相當于條件狀語從句 條件狀語從句條件狀語從句 常用引導詞：常用引導詞：if, unless, 4.1). She stood there waiting for Tom.2). He came running back to tell me the news. 伴隨伴隨= She stood there and waited for Tom.方式方式4. 作方式狀語或伴隨狀語，作方式狀語或伴隨狀語， 相當于并列句相當于并列句“

21、and”.= He came and ran back to tell me the news.5. Having failed for many times, they still didnt give up.讓步讓步Although they had failed for many times,常用引導詞：常用引導詞：although ,though 等。等。5. 作讓步狀語作讓步狀語,相相當于讓步狀從。當于讓步狀從。6. The child fell, striking his head against the door and cutting it.結(jié)果結(jié)果so his head st

22、roked against the door and cut. “所以所以”常用引導詞：常用引導詞：so , so that 等。等。5. 作結(jié)果狀語作結(jié)果狀語,相相當于結(jié)果狀從。當于結(jié)果狀從。注意：注意： 當現(xiàn)在分詞所表示的動作發(fā)生在謂語動當現(xiàn)在分詞所表示的動作發(fā)生在謂語動詞動作之前時，應使用完成式：詞動作之前時，應使用完成式： Having finished his homework, he rushed out to play basketball.2. 當現(xiàn)在分詞與句子的主語之間存在當現(xiàn)在分詞與句子的主語之間存在著邏輯上的被動關(guān)系時，應使用被動式著邏輯上的被動關(guān)系時，應使用被動式：Be

23、ing helped by Tom, she will learn English well.having donebeing done3. 當現(xiàn)在分詞的被動式的動作發(fā)生在謂語當現(xiàn)在分詞的被動式的動作發(fā)生在謂語動詞動作之前時，被動式應使用完成式：動詞動作之前時，被動式應使用完成式：Having been translated into many languages, the book was widely read all over the world.having been done （1） Walking through the park, we saw lots of flowers.

24、（正確）（正確） walking 是是we的動作的動作 （2）Walking through the park, the flowers looked nice. (錯誤錯誤) （3）Standing on the tower, we could see the whole city. (正確正確) （4）Standing on the tower, the whole village could be seen. (錯誤錯誤)4. 現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語時，它的邏輯主語必現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語時，它的邏輯主語必須與主句的主語是一致的。須與主句的主語是一致的。5. 獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)：獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)：Spring c

25、oming on, the trees turned green.Her mother being ill, she had to look after her at home.Time permitting, well visit the Great Wall.He guiding the blind man, they walked slowly across the street.6. 固定結(jié)構(gòu)：固定結(jié)構(gòu)：Judging from his appearance, he must be very rich.Generally speaking, his answer is right.Co

26、nsidering everything, they did a good job. 1. Having not seen the film, I cant tell you what I think of it. 2. The men worked for extra hours got an extra pay. 3. Seen from the top of the hill, we find the city more beautiful. 4. Generally speak, facial expressions are helpful communications, too.No

27、t havingworkingSeeingspeaking單句改錯單句改錯5. “ Cant you read?” the man said, angrily pointed to the notice on the wall.6. Knocking at the door before entering, please.7. European football is played in 80 countries, made it the most popular sport in the world.pointingKnockmaking The _ boy was last seen _

28、near the bank of the lake. A. missing; playing B. missing; play C. missed; played D. missed; to play解析解析: missing是形容詞是形容詞, 作作boy的定語的定語, 意思是意思是“失蹤的失蹤的”。 was last seen playing表示被看見時正在玩。表示被看見時正在玩。真題解析真題解析A2. Mr Smith, _ of the _ speech, started to read a novel. A. tired; boring B. tiring; bored C. tire

29、d; bored D. tiring; boring解析解析: 此題考查現(xiàn)在分詞與過去分詞的此題考查現(xiàn)在分詞與過去分詞的區(qū)別。區(qū)別。tired, moved, interested excited等過去分詞敘述的是人的本身感受等過去分詞敘述的是人的本身感受; tiring, moving, interesting, exciting等等現(xiàn)在分詞敘述的是某一物或事情給予現(xiàn)在分詞敘述的是某一物或事情給予人的感受。人的感受。A4. We sat there, _with what we listened to. A. satisfying B. to satisfy C. contented D.

30、content解析解析: 本題考查動詞用法。本題考查動詞用法。satisfied表示表示“感到滿意的感到滿意的”, 把把A、B兩項排除兩項排除; content既是形容詞既是形容詞, 又是動詞又是動詞, be content with “對對滿足滿足”。D 1. I really cant understand_her like that. A you treat B you to treat C why treat D you treating2.The music was so _ that the audience were _ to death.A boring ;bored B bo

31、red ;boring C bored ;bored D boring ;boring單項選擇單項選擇3.After a knock at the door, the child heard his mothers voice_himA calling B called C being called D to call4.He had us_all through the meal.A laugh B laughed C laughing D to laughC 5. -There is something wrong with the table.-Yes, I can feel it_A that its moving B moves C to move D moving6. - I smell something _in the kitchen. -Can I call you back in a minute?A burning B burned C being burned D to burn