談談直接引語和間接引語

1、結合新目標人教版八年級英語下冊Unit4談談直接引語和間接引語山東省東營市利津縣汀羅鎮(zhèn)第一中學 張樹梓 郵編2574521 首先同學們先從概念上理解直接引語和間接引語： 直接引用別人的話叫直接引語，用自己的話轉述別人的話叫間接引語。間接引語在多數(shù)情況下構成賓語從句。直接引語前后加引號，間接引語不必加?，F(xiàn)用課本中的句子解釋如下：直接引語：Marcia said, “She is having a surprise party for Lana on Friday night.”Lana said, “Im mad at Marcia.”間接引語：Marcia said that she was

2、having a surprise party for Lana on Friday night.Lana said that she was mad at Marcia.2. 變直接引語為間接引語的方法：（1）直接引語的主語是第一人稱，改為間接引語后要根據(jù)意思改變人稱，如：Lana said, “Im mad at Marcia.”Lana said that she was mad at Marcia.注：若直接引語為陳述句，改為間接引語時，可以把that 省略。（2）若主語謂語動詞是一般過去時，直接引語變成間接引語要調整時態(tài)。列表如下：直接引語間接引語現(xiàn)在時過去時現(xiàn)在完成時過去完成時過去

3、完成時不變將來進行時過去將來進行時現(xiàn)在進行時過去進行時過去時過去完成時將來時過去將來時將來完成時過去將來完成時通過上表，同學們可以了解Grammar Focus中直接引語與間接引語的變化方式了，如下：Direct speechReported speechI am mad at Marcia.She said she was mad at Marcia. I am having a party for Lana.She said she was having a party for Lana.I go to the beach every Saturday.He said he went to

4、 the beach every Saturday.I will call you tomorrow.He told me he would call me tomorrow the next day.I can speak three languages.She said she could speak three languages.注：若直接引語部分是一種客觀事實時，時態(tài)不變，如：The teacher said, “The earth goes round the sun.該為間接引語：The teacher said that the earth goes round the sun

5、.(3) 直接引語變間接引語時，指示代詞、時間狀語和動詞也要作調整。列表如下：直接引語間接引語指示代詞this thesethat those時間狀語nowtodaytonight this weekyesterdaylast weekthree days ago tomorrownext weekthenthat day that nightthat weekthe day beforethe week beforethree days beforethe next daythe next week地點狀語herethere動詞comego(4) 若直接引語為一般疑問句（即倒裝語序，改為間接

6、引語時要用陳述句語序，而且要用連詞if或whether。如本單元Selfcheck部分中的第二題中的“She asked me if she could copy my homework.”就是由直接引語“She asked me, can I copy your homework?”變化而來。同時，如下句：She asked her mum, “Can I go with you?”She asked her mum if she could go with her.以上是結合本單元對直接引語與間接引語的變化做了簡單的介紹，同學們，你學會了么？做一下下面的題來自我檢測一下吧！ 把下列的直接引

7、語改為間接引語：1 He said, “Did you see him yesterday?”2 He said, “The moon moves around the sun.”3 She said, “ Im coming this afternoon”.4 He said, “ I like it very much.”5 She said, “ I have seen the film. It is good.”6 Emily said, “Shall I do that?”7 The waiter asked, “Is there anything else I can do?”8

8、John asked, “ Do you understand?”9 He asked, “Are you a teacher or a student?”10 He said , “I dont smoke.”參考答案：1 He asked if I had seen him the day before.2 He said that the moon moves around the sun.3 She said that she was going that afternoon.4 He said that he liked it very much.5 She said she had

9、 seen the film and it was good.6 Emily asked if she should do that.7 The waiter asked if there was something else he could do.8 John asked if I understood.9 He asked if I was a teacher or a student.10 He said that he didnt smoke.八年級英語教學設計【教學內容】Unit 4 He said I was hard-working Section A 1a-Grammar F

10、ocus【教材分析】本課的教材設置從談論電視劇劇情開始，以對話的形式引出直接引語和間接引語的應用及轉換。通過談論和學生年齡相仿的電視劇人物，把枯燥的語法知識學習融入情境對話之中，學習如何用英語轉述他人的話，學習內容貼近生活，學生學習興趣高漲。教學內容安排采用聽、說結合的方法，讓學生在聽力、口語練習中，學習新的語法知識，形成正確的語言習慣，提高英語運用能力?！窘虒W目標】知識與能力學習新單詞：mad; anymore; direct speech; reported speech了解直接引語和間接引語，以及引語之間的轉換。學習如何用英語轉述他人的話。What did Marcia say? She

11、 said she was having a surprise party for Lana on Friday night. 在教學過程中培養(yǎng)學生的英語應用能力，合作學習的能力。聽力訓練也是本課的重點。過程與方法引導學生參與課堂Groupwork 活動，組織學生說話，再由其他學生當堂轉述來訓練學生進行引語轉換。第一教學環(huán)節(jié)是引語轉換訓練，第二教學環(huán)節(jié)是聽力能力訓練，第三教學環(huán)節(jié)是教材語言操練，第四教學環(huán)節(jié)是課堂練習及分組活動。教學過程中應用講授法、分組學習法。情感態(tài)度與價值觀引導學生參與課堂Pairwork 和 Groupwork 教學活動，培養(yǎng)他們團結協(xié)作的品質。通過教材語言學習，學習有禮

12、貌地交流，養(yǎng)成文明用語的良好習慣?！窘虒W重、難點】本課的教學重點是讓學生學習如何用英語轉述他人的語，了解直接引語、間接引語，學習如何把直接引語轉換為間接引語。本課的教學難點是如何把直接引語轉換為間接引語。在間接引語的轉換中，注意一些關鍵動詞的時態(tài)變化和人稱代詞的變化。【教學準備】使用多媒體教室，制作幻燈片，列表對比一般現(xiàn)在時態(tài)、一般過去時態(tài)、一般將來時態(tài)、現(xiàn)在進行時態(tài)和過去進行時態(tài)的概念、構成及典型的時間狀語。制作隨堂練習的幻燈片，練習間接引語的轉換。時態(tài)構成意義舉例一般現(xiàn)在時態(tài)動詞用原形，單三形式do, does表示現(xiàn)在的狀態(tài)，或經(jīng)常習慣的動作。I am a student.She usua

13、lly gets up at 6:00.一般過去時態(tài)動詞用過去式，was; were; did表示過去的狀態(tài)，或動作。She was thin 2 years ago.She went to Beijing last year.現(xiàn)在進行時態(tài)動詞為be(am; is; are)+doing表示現(xiàn)在正在進行的動作。She is doing homework.They are playing soccer.過去進行時態(tài)動詞為 be( was; were)+doing表示過去某一時刻正在進行的動作。I was watching TV when you called me.一般將來時態(tài)動詞結構Be(am

14、, is, are) +doing; be (am, is, are) going to do; Will +do; 表示將來的動作或狀態(tài)。She is going to Beijing tomorrow. We will have no classes next week.【教學步驟】一、第一環(huán)節(jié) 引語轉換訓練1、warming up 播放英文歌曲：as long as you love me 激起學生興趣，活躍課堂氣氛。結束后問兩個問題。Do you like this song? Do you like listening to music.2、創(chuàng)設引語轉換情境的pairwork；問以下

15、三個問題：How do you usually come to school?What were you doing at 8:00 last night?What will you do this Sunday?問三個不同的學生上述問題，板書問題和答案。然后板書What did she/ he say? She said: “I usually come to school by bike.”She said she usually came to school by bike.通過板書，講解劃線部分的兩種引語，講解間接引語的變化規(guī)則。要求學生分別用直接引語和間接引語轉述另外兩個問題的答案。

16、3、請兩、三個學生站在講臺上，老師分別問他們 What are you doing now? What instrument can you play? What will you do after school?再請其他同學轉述他們的話，要求用She/ He said 提示：will 應改為 would；can應改為could。4、talk about the following questions in English. What is a soap opera? What are some soap operas?Do you ever watch soap operas?What ar

17、e some things that happen on soap operas?5、讓學生欣賞1a 部分的彩圖。用英語介紹圖中的內容。“Two girls are watching TV in the living room. As the room is quite noisy, one girl did not quite hear what the people were saying on TV, so she is asking the other girl, what did they say on TV. Lets see whats happening on TV.” Let

18、 the students look at the persons on TV, introduce their names, tell them to remember.6、要求學生仿照圖中的人物對話，分組編新對話，表演對話。What did she say?She said she was having a surprise party for Lana on Friday night.二、第二教學環(huán)節(jié) 聽力訓練1、經(jīng)過前面的講解和對話練習之后，學生已經(jīng)了解了間接引語的轉換，可以完成下面的聽力練習。播放錄音帶，引導學生進行聽力訓練，完成1b的聽力要求。2、用英語介紹課文中的電視劇劇情，引導

19、學生學習2a 中的句子。播放錄音帶，引導學生進行聽力訓練，完成2a 2b的聽力要求。三、第三環(huán)節(jié) 教材語言操練1、引導學生學習2b里面的電視劇劇情，學習其中的直接引語和間接引語。2、請一位同學范讀2c 中的對話，要求學生分組對圖中的語言進行對話練習，請幾組同學表演對話。3、Grammar Focus 引導學生學習直接引語和間接引語的特點，講解間接引語的轉換規(guī)則。出示對比一般現(xiàn)在時態(tài)、一般過去時態(tài)、一般將來時態(tài)、現(xiàn)在進行時態(tài)和過去進行時態(tài)的概念、構成及典型的時間狀語的幻燈片，讓學生觀看。四、第四教學環(huán)節(jié) 課堂練習及分組活動1、要求學生完成以下課堂練習，用幻燈片出示。將下列直接引語改為間接引語運用

20、She/He said或He/She told me.1. I am a clever girl. 2. I am going surfing.3. I am having lunch at school.4. I will go to Beijing with my father.5. I play soccer every Sunday afternoon. 6. I can dance well.7. I am going to do some shopping with my mother.8. I dont like my younger brother.9. I cant swim

21、 well.10. I will have a birthday party tomorrow.2、分組活動 “朋友心中的我”此活動為小組活動，要求學生們四人一組，在小組內詢問別人對自己的評價，并將這些評價轉述給全班同學聽。在完成任務的過程中要學會間接引語的用法。1) Introduction Teacher: Do you want to know what you are like in your friends minds? It is interesting to know that. OK, I would like you to ask your friends about you

22、rselves and take some notes. Later, please tell us all about what you are like in your friends minds.2) 將全班同學分為若干個小組。3）每個同學請自己小組的成員評價自己，每個同學說一句。4）小組內完成任務后，請每個小組中出一個同學，把成員對自己的評價轉述給全班同學聽。5）提示：Mary said I was friendly to her.John said I was mad sometimes.My friend Joy told me that I was good at studies

23、.【本課小結】通過組織學生參與課堂PAIRWORK 和GROUPWORK 活動，順利通過引語轉換訓練，聽力能力訓練及分組學習訓練，使學生的口語交際和聽力都有一定程度的提升。課堂PAIRWORK 和GROUPWORK的情境導入，極大地激發(fā)了學生積極參與課堂教與學活動的興趣。八年級英語教學設計【教學內容】Unit 4 He said I was hard-working Section A 1a-Grammar Focus【教材分析】本課的教材設置從談論電視劇劇情開始，以對話的形式引出直接引語和間接引語的應用及轉換。通過談論和學生年齡相仿的電視劇人物，把枯燥的語法知識學習融入情境對話之中，學習如何

24、用英語轉述他人的話，學習內容貼近生活，學生學習興趣高漲。教學內容安排采用聽、說結合的方法，讓學生在聽力、口語練習中，學習新的語法知識，形成正確的語言習慣，提高英語運用能力。【教學目標】知識與能力學習新單詞：mad; anymore; direct speech; reported speech了解直接引語和間接引語，以及引語之間的轉換。學習如何用英語轉述他人的話。What did Marcia say? She said she was having a surprise party for Lana on Friday night. 在教學過程中培養(yǎng)學生的英語應用能力，合作學習的能力。聽力訓

25、練也是本課的重點。過程與方法引導學生參與課堂Groupwork 活動，組織學生說話，再由其他學生當堂轉述來訓練學生進行引語轉換。第一教學環(huán)節(jié)是引語轉換訓練，第二教學環(huán)節(jié)是聽力能力訓練，第三教學環(huán)節(jié)是教材語言操練，第四教學環(huán)節(jié)是課堂練習及分組活動。教學過程中應用講授法、分組學習法。情感態(tài)度與價值觀引導學生參與課堂Pairwork 和 Groupwork 教學活動，培養(yǎng)他們團結協(xié)作的品質。通過教材語言學習，學習有禮貌地交流，養(yǎng)成文明用語的良好習慣?！窘虒W重、難點】本課的教學重點是讓學生學習如何用英語轉述他人的語，了解直接引語、間接引語，學習如何把直接引語轉換為間接引語。本課的教學難點是如何把直接引

26、語轉換為間接引語。在間接引語的轉換中，注意一些關鍵動詞的時態(tài)變化和人稱代詞的變化。【教學準備】使用多媒體教室，制作幻燈片，列表對比一般現(xiàn)在時態(tài)、一般過去時態(tài)、一般將來時態(tài)、現(xiàn)在進行時態(tài)和過去進行時態(tài)的概念、構成及典型的時間狀語。制作隨堂練習的幻燈片，練習間接引語的轉換。時態(tài)構成意義舉例一般現(xiàn)在時態(tài)動詞用原形，單三形式do, does表示現(xiàn)在的狀態(tài)，或經(jīng)常習慣的動作。I am a student.She usually gets up at 6:00.一般過去時態(tài)動詞用過去式，was; were; did表示過去的狀態(tài)，或動作。She was thin 2 years ago.She went

27、to Beijing last year.現(xiàn)在進行時態(tài)動詞為be(am; is; are)+doing表示現(xiàn)在正在進行的動作。She is doing homework.They are playing soccer.過去進行時態(tài)動詞為 be( was; were)+doing表示過去某一時刻正在進行的動作。I was watching TV when you called me.一般將來時態(tài)動詞結構Be(am, is, are) +doing; be (am, is, are) going to do; Will +do; 表示將來的動作或狀態(tài)。She is going to Beijing

28、 tomorrow. We will have no classes next week.【教學步驟】一、第一環(huán)節(jié) 引語轉換訓練1、warming up 播放英文歌曲：as long as you love me 激起學生興趣，活躍課堂氣氛。結束后問兩個問題。Do you like this song? Do you like listening to music.2、創(chuàng)設引語轉換情境的pairwork；問以下三個問題：How do you usually come to school?What were you doing at 8:00 last night?What will you d

29、o this Sunday?問三個不同的學生上述問題，板書問題和答案。然后板書What did she/ he say? She said: “I usually come to school by bike.”She said she usually came to school by bike.通過板書，講解劃線部分的兩種引語，講解間接引語的變化規(guī)則。要求學生分別用直接引語和間接引語轉述另外兩個問題的答案。3、請兩、三個學生站在講臺上，老師分別問他們 What are you doing now? What instrument can you play? What will you do

30、 after school?再請其他同學轉述他們的話，要求用She/ He said 提示：will 應改為 would；can應改為could。4、talk about the following questions in English. What is a soap opera? What are some soap operas?Do you ever watch soap operas?What are some things that happen on soap operas?5、讓學生欣賞1a 部分的彩圖。用英語介紹圖中的內容。“Two girls are watching T

31、V in the living room. As the room is quite noisy, one girl did not quite hear what the people were saying on TV, so she is asking the other girl, what did they say on TV. Lets see whats happening on TV.” Let the students look at the persons on TV, introduce their names, tell them to remember.6、要求學生仿

32、照圖中的人物對話，分組編新對話，表演對話。What did she say?She said she was having a surprise party for Lana on Friday night.二、第二教學環(huán)節(jié) 聽力訓練1、經(jīng)過前面的講解和對話練習之后，學生已經(jīng)了解了間接引語的轉換，可以完成下面的聽力練習。播放錄音帶，引導學生進行聽力訓練，完成1b的聽力要求。2、用英語介紹課文中的電視劇劇情，引導學生學習2a 中的句子。播放錄音帶，引導學生進行聽力訓練，完成2a 2b的聽力要求。三、第三環(huán)節(jié) 教材語言操練1、引導學生學習2b里面的電視劇劇情，學習其中的直接引語和間接引語。2、請一位同學范讀2c 中的對話，要求學生分組對圖中的語言進行對話練習，請幾組同學表演對話。3、Grammar Focus 引導學生學習直接引語和間接引語的特點，講解間接引語的轉換規(guī)則。出示對比一般現(xiàn)在時態(tài)、一般過去時態(tài)、一般將來時態(tài)、現(xiàn)在進行時態(tài)和過去進行時態(tài)的概念、構成及典型的時間狀語的幻燈片，讓學生觀看。四、第四教學環(huán)節(jié) 課堂練習及分