英語中主謂一致用法

1、主謂一致的定義主謂一致的定義主謂一致是指主謂一致是指謂語謂語在在人稱人稱和和數(shù)數(shù)上必須和上必須和主主語語的的人稱人稱和和數(shù)保持一致數(shù)保持一致。這是英語語法中。這是英語語法中必須遵循的基本規(guī)則，也是英語和漢語區(qū)必須遵循的基本規(guī)則，也是英語和漢語區(qū)別很大的地方。別很大的地方。主謂一致的三大原則主謂一致的三大原則 一、語法一致原則一、語法一致原則 二、意義一致原則二、意義一致原則 三、就近原則三、就近原則一一、語法一致原則語法一致原則 主語為單數(shù)或不可數(shù)形式，則謂語動詞也主語為單數(shù)或不可數(shù)形式，則謂語動詞也用單數(shù)形式；用單數(shù)形式； 主語為復數(shù)形式，則謂語動詞也用復數(shù)形主語為復數(shù)形式，則謂語動詞也用復

2、數(shù)形式。式。I often help him and he often helps me.We often help each other.二、意義一致二、意義一致 主語形式雖為單數(shù)，但意義為復數(shù)，則謂主語形式雖為單數(shù)，但意義為復數(shù)，則謂語動詞用復數(shù)；語動詞用復數(shù)； 主語形式為復數(shù)，而意義為單數(shù)，則謂語主語形式為復數(shù)，而意義為單數(shù)，則謂語動詞用單數(shù)。動詞用單數(shù)。The crowd were surrounding the government official.Maths is hard to learn.三、就近原則三、就近原則 就近原則即謂語動詞的單復數(shù)形式取決于就近原則即謂語動詞的單復數(shù)

3、形式取決于最靠近它的主語。最靠近它的主語。There is a pen and two pencils on the desk.主謂一致的具體應用主謂一致的具體應用一、單數(shù)形式的名詞與謂語動詞的一致一、單數(shù)形式的名詞與謂語動詞的一致二、復數(shù)形式的名詞與謂語動詞的一致二、復數(shù)形式的名詞與謂語動詞的一致三、并列主語與動詞的一致三、并列主語與動詞的一致四、四、“單數(shù)形式的名詞單數(shù)形式的名詞+with/as well as+名詞名詞”結(jié)結(jié) 構(gòu)與動詞的一致構(gòu)與動詞的一致五、五、“表部分的名詞表部分的名詞+of+名詞名詞”結(jié)構(gòu)與動詞的一致結(jié)構(gòu)與動詞的一致六、短語、從句或句子作主語與動詞的一致六、短語、從句

4、或句子作主語與動詞的一致七、名詞化的形容詞和過去分詞作主語與動詞的七、名詞化的形容詞和過去分詞作主語與動詞的 一一致致八、代詞與動詞的一致八、代詞與動詞的一致九、數(shù)詞與動詞的一致九、數(shù)詞與動詞的一致一、單數(shù)形式的名詞與謂語動詞的一、單數(shù)形式的名詞與謂語動詞的 一致之一致之單形集體名詞單形集體名詞1.單形集體名詞被視為一個整體時，用作單數(shù)名詞 Our family has a reunion every year.2. 單形集體名詞被視為若干個體時，則要求復數(shù)動詞 His family are waiting for him.3. 有些單形集體名詞，即所謂的“群體名詞”，如police，catt

5、le等，要求復數(shù)動詞 The police have caught the murderer.單數(shù)形式的名詞與謂語動詞的一致之單數(shù)形式的名詞與謂語動詞的一致之 “more than”1. “More than one + 單形名詞”結(jié)構(gòu)雖有復念，但習慣上多用單數(shù)謂語 More than one question was asked.2. “more +復形名詞+than one”多要求復數(shù)動詞 More members than one have protested against the proposal.3. “a+單形名詞+or two”結(jié)構(gòu)多要求單數(shù)動詞 A servant or tw

6、o or three was to accompany them.4. “one or two +復形名詞”結(jié)構(gòu)要求復數(shù)動詞 One or two reasons were suggested.5. “many a +單形名詞”結(jié)構(gòu)要求單數(shù)動詞 Many a fine man has died in the battle.單數(shù)形式的名詞與謂語動詞的一致單數(shù)形式的名詞與謂語動詞的一致之之 “兩個形容詞兩個形容詞+一個單形名詞一個單形名詞”在“兩個形容詞+一個單形名詞”結(jié)構(gòu)中，單數(shù)名詞如有復念（即代表兩個事物），則用復數(shù)動詞The red and the white rose are both b

7、eautiful.English and French grammar are not very difficult to learn.二、復數(shù)形式的名詞與謂語動詞的一二、復數(shù)形式的名詞與謂語動詞的一 致致復形名詞（大多以復形名詞（大多以s結(jié)尾）在句中作主語通常結(jié)尾）在句中作主語通常要求謂語復數(shù)動詞，具體應用要注意如下幾點：要求謂語復數(shù)動詞，具體應用要注意如下幾點：1. 含雙數(shù)概念的復形名詞要求復數(shù)動詞 Are your kitchen scales(天平) accurate?2. 含復數(shù)概念的復形名詞要求復數(shù)動詞 The customs (關稅)were paid. My funds (資金

8、)are a bit low at present.3. 含單數(shù)概念的復形名詞要求用單數(shù)動詞 His works (工廠)is rather small.4. 表時間，距離，錢額的復數(shù)名詞用單數(shù)動詞 Ten years is a moment in history. Ten thousand dollars is a large sum.5. 外來的復形名詞要求用單數(shù)動詞 This data is very interesting. 6. 以-ics結(jié)尾表學科的復形名詞要求用單數(shù)動詞 Politics(政治) is often a topic for discussion. Statistic

9、s (統(tǒng)計學) is a principal course at the business school. 注意： 這類名詞用于表示具體的、實際的內(nèi)容時，則往往要求復數(shù)動詞。 What are your politics(政治觀點)? Statistics(統(tǒng)計數(shù)字) prove nothing in this case.7. 以-s結(jié)尾的某些表疾病的復形名詞要求用單數(shù)動詞 German measles(風疹) is a dangerous disease for pregnant women.8. 有些復形名詞既可用單數(shù)動詞也可用復數(shù)動詞 Where is / are your manner

10、s(禮貌)?9. 復形書名一般要求用單數(shù)動詞 The Newcomers新來的人們 is one of Thackerays finest books.三、并列主語與動詞的一致三、并列主語與動詞的一致 并列主語是指主語為并列主語是指主語為and、or等并列詞等并列詞連接的名詞作主語，其謂語的單復數(shù)要看連接的名詞作主語，其謂語的單復數(shù)要看情況而定，具體用法如下：情況而定，具體用法如下：當“名詞+and+名詞”結(jié)構(gòu)表示一種事物或一種概念時，應用單數(shù)動詞 Fish and chips(炸魚土豆片) is a popular supper. The poet and writer(詩人兼作家) has

11、 come. 注意：有時并列主語用單數(shù)或復數(shù)動詞都可 Time and tide(歲月) wait / waits for no man.2. “each / every / no+單形名詞+ each / every / no+單形名詞”結(jié)構(gòu)要求單數(shù)動詞 Every hour and every minute(每一小時，每一分鐘) is important.3. “名詞/代詞+or+名詞/代詞”結(jié)構(gòu)應根據(jù)or后的名詞/代詞確定單/復數(shù)動詞 He or I (他或是我) am in the wrong. He or his brothers(他或他的兄弟們) were to blame.4.

12、“either+名詞+or+名詞”結(jié)構(gòu)應根據(jù)or后的名詞/代詞確定單/復數(shù)動詞 Either the shirts or the sweater(這些襯衣，要不就是這件毛衣) is a good buy.5. “not only+名詞+but (also) +名詞”結(jié)構(gòu)要求動詞應與but (also)后的名詞一致 Not only the students but also their teacher(不僅是學生，他們的老師也) is enjoying the film.6. “neither+名詞+nor+名詞”結(jié)構(gòu)要求動詞與nor后面的名詞一致 Neither you nor your b

13、rother(你和人你的兄弟都不) is in fault. Neither he nor they(你和他們都不) are mistaken.7. “there be”結(jié)構(gòu)的動詞應與最靠近它的名詞的單復數(shù)一致。 There is a desk and some chairs in the room. There are some chairs and a desk in the room.四、四、“單數(shù)形式的名詞單數(shù)形式的名詞+with/as well as+名詞名詞”結(jié)構(gòu)與動詞的一致結(jié)構(gòu)與動詞的一致“名詞+介詞或介詞短語with / together with / along with /

14、 including / except / besides / as well as / added to+名詞”結(jié)構(gòu)作主語，謂語一般與第一個名詞一致。A teacher, with his students, is seeing a film.I as well as they am ready to help. 五、五、“表部分的名詞表部分的名詞+of+名詞名詞”結(jié)構(gòu)與結(jié)構(gòu)與動詞的一致動詞的一致1. “one of + 復形名詞”結(jié)構(gòu)后的定語從句要求謂語動詞應用復數(shù)；但當“one of”前有限定詞如the、the only、the very等修飾時，結(jié)構(gòu)后的定語從句要求謂語動詞應用與one

15、一致，用單數(shù)謂語。 This is one of the best books that have appeared. She is the one of those women who doesnt know a thing about furniture.2. “a pair of +復形名詞” 結(jié)構(gòu)多要求用單數(shù)謂語，但“復數(shù)名詞+of a/this/that pair”結(jié)構(gòu)多用復數(shù)謂語。 A pair of gloves(一雙手套) is a nice present. Socks of this pair(這雙襪子) are different in size.3. “(a) part

16、 of+ 名詞”結(jié)構(gòu)中，若名詞為單形，一般要求用單數(shù)動詞，若名詞為復形，則復數(shù)動詞。 (A) part of the story(故事的一部分) is not true. A part of the apples(部分蘋果) are bad.4. “a group(一組) / crowd(人群) / flock(一群) / file(一列) of +復形名詞”結(jié)構(gòu)可用單數(shù)動詞，也可用復數(shù)動詞。前者強調(diào)整體，后者強調(diào)各個組成部分。 This group of students(這一組學生) is to be sent to Italy. This group of students(這組學生都)

17、 are to be sent to Italy.5. “a number of /numbers of + 復形名詞”結(jié)構(gòu)應用復數(shù)動詞；而“the number of +復形名詞”結(jié)構(gòu)應用單數(shù)動詞。 A large number of people(許多人) have come to see the exhibition. The number of the chairs(椅子的數(shù)量) in the room is ten. 6. “an average / total of +復形名詞”結(jié)構(gòu)應用復數(shù)動詞；而“the average / total of +復形名詞”結(jié)構(gòu)應用單數(shù)動詞。 An

18、 average of 3000 letters (平均3000封信) a month are received by the newspapers office. A total of 3000 letters(總共3000封信) were received last month. The average of letters(信件的平均數(shù)) received each month is 3000. The total of letters(信件的總數(shù)) received last month was 3000.7. “a lot / mass / heap/plentyof +名詞”結(jié)構(gòu)要

19、求謂語動詞與of后的名詞的單復數(shù)一致。 A mass of people were seen working there. A lot of money is spent on travel.8. “a large quantity of +不可數(shù)名詞或復數(shù)名詞”、“a large amount of +不可數(shù)名詞”結(jié)構(gòu)要求單數(shù)謂語動詞；“l(fā)arge quantities of +不可數(shù)名詞或復數(shù)名詞”、“l(fā)arge amounts of +不可數(shù)名詞”結(jié)構(gòu)要求復數(shù)動詞。 A large quantity of students is coming. Large amounts of wate

20、r are wasted.9. “this / that / a / what kind of +名詞”結(jié)構(gòu)要求單數(shù)動詞；而 “these /those kind of+名詞”、“these/ those /what kinds of+名詞”結(jié)構(gòu)多要求復數(shù)動詞。 This kind of apple(這種蘋果) is sour. These kind of apple(s)(這些蘋果) are sour. What kind of apple(哪種蘋果) is sour? What kinds of apple(哪些種類的蘋果) are sour? These kinds of apple(s

21、)(這些種類的蘋果) are sour.10. “most / 百分數(shù)/分數(shù)/the rest/ the remainder + of +名詞”結(jié)構(gòu)要求動詞與of后面的名詞的單復數(shù)一致。 The rest of the story(故事的其余部分) needs no telling. He stayed in the classroom and the rest of the boys(其他的男孩們) were out at play. Three-fourths of the surface of the earth(地球表面的四分之三) is sea. Three-fourths of t

22、he people (四分之三的人)were illiterate. Most of his time(他的大部分時間) is spent on traveling. Most of his students(他的大部分學生) like him.11. “worth of + 名詞”結(jié)構(gòu)不論名詞是單形還是復形，一般皆要求用單數(shù)動詞，與worth一致。 The worth of this painting(這幅畫的價值) is estimated at a half million dollars. The worth(價值) of men like Galileo is not always

23、understood while they are alive.注意：當worth表示金額時，其后的動詞往往與其前表金額的名詞的數(shù)形一致。 Thousands of pounds worth(以千鎊計的數(shù)額) of damage have been done to the apple crop. 六、短語、從句或句子作主語與動詞的短語、從句或句子作主語與動詞的一致一致短語、從句或句子作主語時，一般要求用單數(shù)動詞。 No news is good news. (no news 為名詞短語 ) Childrens interfering in their parents right to rema

24、rry has become a social problem.(主語為一動名詞復合結(jié)構(gòu)) That he likes Mary is known to many of his friends.(主語為一名詞性從句) “How do you do?” is not a question but a greeting.(主語是一句子)注意：主語為what 引導的主語從句時，謂語動詞應與從句所指代的內(nèi)容的單復念一致。 What he says (他所說的) is not important. What I want(我所需要的) are details.當what 引導的主語從句中謂語為復數(shù)時，全

25、句的謂語動詞也應是復數(shù)。What make the river more beautiful are the flowers growing in the water.七、名詞化的形容詞和過去分詞作主語名詞化的形容詞和過去分詞作主語與動詞的一致與動詞的一致名詞化的形容詞和過去分詞作主語與動詞的一致應取決于主語的數(shù)念。主語如表單念，就用單數(shù)動詞；主語如表復念，就用復數(shù)動詞。具體如下：1. 主語表單念，謂語用單數(shù)。 The true(真實，表單念) is to be distinguished from the false. The accused(被告，表單念) was released.2.

26、主語表復念，謂語用復數(shù)。 The poor (窮人，表一類人)are looked down upon by the rich.3. 名詞化的形容詞或過去分詞為復數(shù)形式，謂語用復數(shù)。 The newlyweds(新婚夫婦，本身為復形) are now spending their honeymoon abroad.八、代詞與動詞的一致代詞與動詞的一致1. all / some / any / most用作主語時，隨其數(shù)念用單數(shù)或復數(shù)動詞。 All(事情，單念) is ready and all(人，復念) are here. I dont think any is left.我認為沒什么剩下。

27、 I dont think any of them(他們中沒人) have seen her. Most of the building was destroyed but most were saved.2. “each of + 復形名詞”結(jié)構(gòu)要求單數(shù)動詞，但“復形名詞+ each”結(jié)構(gòu)要求復數(shù)動詞。 Each of the jobs(每一份工作) was planned by Billy. we each(我們每個人) have a copy of this dictionary. 3. every和everyone 一般要求用單數(shù)謂語；either一般要求用單數(shù)謂語，但在非正式文體中,

28、 “either of +復形名/代詞” 結(jié)構(gòu)可用復數(shù)動詞。 Either method(任一種方法) is practical. Either of them(他們中任一人) are/is enough to drive me mad.4. Many 之后通常需用復數(shù)謂語，但在manys (was) the time/thing(that)這一固定結(jié)構(gòu)中應用單數(shù)謂語。 Manys the time (很多次)(that) Ive thought of leaving. Many was the time(很多次) I ate at that restaurant.5. neither/non

29、e 可用單數(shù)或復數(shù)動詞 Neither of the books is /are satisfactory. None of us know / knows for certain.6. 疑問代詞what作主語時，謂語與其所含的數(shù)念一致。當說話人不確知what的數(shù)念或不強調(diào)數(shù)念時，應用單數(shù)動詞。 Whats on the table?桌上是什么？ What are on the table? 桌上是些什么？ Whats in the sky? 天上是什么？九、數(shù)詞與動詞的一致數(shù)詞與動詞的一致1. 語法一致 Two and two are four.(主語是Two and two ) Four from seven is three.(主語為four) Three times one is three.(主語為three, times被看成介詞) 261 divided by 9 eq