限制性定語從句和非限制性定語從句

1、限制性定語從句和非限制性定語從句限制性定語從句和非限制性定語從句有四大區(qū)別，現(xiàn)作簡要介紹。一、在句中作用不同限制性定語從句對被修飾的先行詞有限定制約作用，使該詞的含義更具體，更明 確。限制性定語從句不能被省略，否則句意就不完整。非限制性定語從句與先行詞關(guān)系不十分密切，只是對其作一些附加說明，不起限 定制約作用。如果將非限制性定語從句省去，主句的意義仍然完整。二、外在表現(xiàn)形式不同限制性定語從句因與先行詞關(guān)系密切，所以不可以用逗號(hào)將其與主句隔開；而非 限制性定語從句與先行詞關(guān)系不十分密切，所以可用逗號(hào)將其與主句隔開。1. Do you remember the girl who taught us

2、 En glish?2. Clock is a kind of instrument which can tell people time.3. This is the place where he used to live.4. Mr. Zhang,who came to see me yesterday,is an old friend of mine.5. We walked dow n the village street,where they were hav ing market day.析:在前三個(gè)例句中，定語從句與先行詞關(guān)系密切，為限制性定語從句，不可用逗 號(hào)將其與主句隔開。在

3、后兩個(gè)例句中，定語從句與先行詞關(guān)系不密切，為非限制性定 語從句，可用逗號(hào)將其與主句隔開。、先行詞內(nèi)容有所不同大多數(shù)限制性和非限制性定語從句的先行詞往往為某一個(gè)詞或短語，而特殊情 況下非限制性定語從句的先行詞也可為整個(gè)主句，此時(shí)非限制性定語從句常由 which引導(dǎo)。例 1. A middle-aged woma n killed her husba nd,which frighte ned me very much.析:由語境可知，令 我”恐懼的內(nèi)容應(yīng)為 中年女子殺害了自己的丈夫”這整個(gè)一 件事，因此先行詞為整個(gè)主句,此時(shí)應(yīng)由which引導(dǎo)定語從句。例 2. A five-year-old bo

4、y can speak two foreign Ianguages,which surprises all the people prese nt.析:由語境可知，令所有在場的人感到驚訝的內(nèi)容是一個(gè)五歲男孩會(huì)講兩門外語”這整個(gè)一件事，因此先行詞為整個(gè)主句，此時(shí)應(yīng)由which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句。四、關(guān)系詞的使用情況有所不同（一 that不可用于引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句所有關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞均可引導(dǎo)限制性定語從句，大多數(shù)關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副 詞可引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，但that不可。例1.他送給他母親一臺(tái)彩電作為生日禮物，這使她非常高興。誤:He gave his mother a color TV s

5、et for her birthday,that pleased her a lot.正:He gave his mother a color TV set for her birthday,which pleased her a lot.例2.他沒通過這次考試，令我很失望。誤:He did n't pass the exam,that disappo in ted me.正:He did n't pass the exam,which disappo in ted me.值得注意的是，不少同學(xué)誤認(rèn)為只有which才能引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句這個(gè)觀點(diǎn)是不正確的。使用非限制性定語從句

6、時(shí)，如果先行詞指人，則用who , which或whose引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句；先行詞指物可用which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從 句;先行詞表時(shí)間或地點(diǎn)且在從句中作時(shí)間狀語或地點(diǎn)狀語時(shí)，可用when, where引 導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句。例 1. We'll graduate in July,whe n we will be free.我們將于七月份畢業(yè)，到那時(shí)我們就自由了。例 2. Last Sun day they reached Nanjin g,where a conference was to be held.他們上周日到達(dá)南京，有個(gè)會(huì)議要在那里舉行。（二關(guān)系代詞替代情況不同關(guān)系代詞

7、whom在限制性定語從句中作賓語時(shí)可用 who代替whom,但whom 在非限制性定語從句中作賓語時(shí)不可用who來代替。例 1. This is the girl whom I met in the street.這是我在街上遇到的那個(gè)女孩。析:先行詞the girl在限制性定語從句中作賓語，可用who代替whom .例 2. A young man had a new girl frie nd,whom he wan ted to impress.一個(gè)年輕的小伙子新交了一個(gè)女朋友，他想給她留下深刻的印象。析:先行詞a new girl friend在非限制性定語從句中作賓語，不可用who代替

8、 whom .在限制性定語從句中，先行詞指人時(shí)可用that代替who/ whom，但在非限制性定 語從句中先行詞指人時(shí)，不可用that代替who/whom .例:她有一個(gè)姐姐，她是教師誤:She has a sister,that is a teacher.正:She has a sister,who is teacher.(三關(guān)系代詞省略情況不同關(guān)系代詞在限制性定語從句中作賓語時(shí)可以省去，非限制性定語從句的所有關(guān) 系詞均不可省。例 1. This is the book (which/thathe lost yesterday.這就是他昨天丟的那本書。析:先行詞the book在限制性定語從

9、句中作賓語,關(guān)系代詞which或that可以省 略。例 2. The book,which he lost yesterday,has been found.他昨天丟了這本書，但現(xiàn)在已找到了。析:先行詞the book在非限制性定語從句中作賓語，關(guān)系代詞which不可省。1. She heard a terrible noise,brought her heart into her mouth.A. itB. whichC. thisD. that2. Have you ever bee n to Xi'an,I left ten years ago.B. whoseC. thatD.

10、 /3. The weather turned out to be very good,was more tha n we could expect.A. whatB. whichC. thatD. it4. His English,used to be very poor is now excelle nt.A. whichB. thatC. it D . whom5. Some of the roads were flooded,makes our journey more difficult.A. thatB. itC. whichD. who6. 門I find a nice girl,I want to marry.B. whomC. thatD. which7. I'll come at ten,ril be free.A. whichB. thatC. whe nD. what8. She has two brothers,are teachers.A. whoB. thatC. whomD. /9. W