第二講祈使句感嘆句強調(diào)句反意疑問句

1、第二講 祈使句、感嘆句、強調(diào)句、反意疑問句一、祈使句結(jié)構(gòu): 祈使句用以表達(dá)命令，要求，請求，勸告等。1. 祈使句有兩種類型，一種是以動詞原形開頭，在動詞原形之前加do (但只限于省略第二人稱主語的句子)。 Take this seat. Do be careful.否定結(jié)構(gòu)：Don't move. Don't be late.2. 第二種祈使句以let開頭。 Let 的反意疑問句: Let's have another try，shall we / shan't we? = Shall we have another try?(3) 否定結(jié)構(gòu) Let's

2、 not talk of that matter. 二、感嘆句結(jié)構(gòu)：感嘆句通常有what, how引導(dǎo)，表示贊美、驚嘆、喜悅、等感情。what修飾名詞，how 修飾形容詞，副詞或動詞，感嘆句結(jié)構(gòu)主要有以下幾種：掌握它的搭配，即掌握了感嘆句的重點。1. 常用的句式How +形容詞+ a +名詞+主語+動詞   陳述語序How+形容詞或副詞+主語+動詞   陳述語序What +名詞+主語+動詞   陳述語序What+a+形容詞+名詞+主語+動詞   陳述語序What+ 形容詞+復(fù)數(shù)名詞+主語+動詞  

3、0;陳述語序What+ 形容詞+不可數(shù)名詞+主語+動詞   陳述語序How clever a boy he is! How lovely the baby is!What noise they are making! What a clever boy he is!What wonderful ideas (we have)! What cold weather it is!感嘆句的省略形式為：What a clever boy (he is)!2. 典型例題1）_ food you've cooked! A. How a nice B. What a nice C

4、. How nice D. What nice2）_terrible weather we've been having these days!A. What B. What a C. How D. How a3) - _ I had! - You really suffered a lot.A. What a time B. What time C. How a time D. how time三、強調(diào)句句型（一） It is/ was + 被強調(diào)部分（通常是主語、賓語或狀語）+ that/ who（當(dāng)強調(diào)主語且主語指人）+ 其它部分。1、陳述句的強調(diào)句型：It is/ was +

5、被強調(diào)部分（通常是主語、賓語或狀語）+ that/ who（當(dāng)強調(diào)主語且主語指人）+ 其它部分。It was yesterday that he met Li Ping.2、一般疑問句的強調(diào)句型：同上，只是把is/ was提到it前面。Was it yesterday that he met Li Ping?3、特殊疑問句的強調(diào)句型：被強調(diào)部分（通常是疑問代詞或疑問副詞）+ is/ was + it + that/ who + 其它部分？When and where was it that you were born?4、強調(diào)句例句：針對I met Li Ming at the railway

6、 station yesterday.句子進(jìn)行強調(diào)。強調(diào)主語：It was I that (who) met Li Ming at the railway station yesterday. 強調(diào)賓語：陳述句It was Li Ming that I met at the railway station yesterday.一般疑問句Was it Li Ming that I met at the railway station yesterday?特殊疑問句 Who was it that I met at the railway station yesterday?強調(diào)地點狀語：陳述句I

7、t was at the railway station that I met Li Ming yesterday.一般疑問句Was it at the railway station that I met Li Ming yesterday.特殊疑問句Where was it that I met Li Ming yesterday?強調(diào)時間狀語：陳述句It was yesterday that I met Li Ming at the railway station.一般疑問句Was it yesterday that I met Li Ming at the railway statio

8、n?特殊疑問句When was it that I met Li Ming at the railway station?5、注意：構(gòu)成強調(diào)句的it本身沒有詞義；強調(diào)句中的連接詞一般只用that, who，即使在強調(diào)時間狀語和地點狀語時也如此，that, who不可省略；強調(diào)句中的時態(tài)只用兩種，一般現(xiàn)在時和一般過去時。原句謂語動詞是一般過去時、過去完成時和過去進(jìn)行時，用It was ，其余的時態(tài)用It is 。（二） not until 句型的強調(diào)句1、句型為：It is/ was not until + 被強調(diào)部分 + that + 其它部分普通句：He didnt go to bed un

9、til/ till his wife came back.強調(diào)句：It was not until his wife came back that he went to bed.2、注意：此句型只用until，不用till。但如果不是強調(diào)句型，till, until可通用；因為句型中It is/ was not 已經(jīng)是否定句了，that后面的從句要用肯定句，切勿再用否定句了。（三） 謂語動詞的強調(diào)1、It is/ was that 結(jié)構(gòu)不能強調(diào)謂語，如果需要強調(diào)謂語時，用助動詞do/ does或did。Do sit down. 務(wù)必請坐。He did write to you last wee

10、k. 上周他確實給你寫了信。Do be careful when you cross the street. 過馬路時，務(wù)必（千萬）要小心??！2、注意：此種強調(diào)只用do/ does和did ，沒有別的形式；過去時用did ，后面的謂語動詞用原形。(四)典型例題1） It was last night _ I see the comet.A. the time B. when C. that D. which2）It is ten years _ Miss Green returned to Canada. A. that B. when C. since D. as四、反意疑問句反意疑問句是英

11、語四大問句之一，它是由一個陳述句加上一個短問句而構(gòu)成的。反意疑問句的基本構(gòu)成形式是：陳述句+動詞（肯定或否定）+主語？如： She often has lunch at school, doesnt she? You dont like sports, do you? 使用反意疑問句要注意以下若干對應(yīng)規(guī)則： 1. 陳述部分的主語是I，疑問部分要用 aren't I.I'm as tall as your sister，aren't I?2. 陳述部分的謂語是 wish，疑問部分要用may +主語。I wish to have a word with you, may I

12、?3. 陳述部分用 no, nothing, nobody, never, few, seldom, hardly, rarely, little等否定含義的詞時，疑問部分用肯定含義。The Swede made no answer, did he / she?Some plants never blown (開花), do they ?4. 含有ought to 的反意疑問句，陳述部分是肯定的，疑問部分用 shouldn't / oughtn't +主語。He ought to know what to do, oughtn't he? / shouldn't

13、 he?5. 陳述部分有have to +v. (had to + v.)，疑問部分常用don't +主語（didn't +主語）。We have to get there at eight tomorrow, don't we?6. 陳述部分的謂語是used to 時，疑問部分用didn't +主語或 usedn't +主語。He used to take pictures there, didn't he? / usedn't he?7. 陳述部分有had better + v. 疑問句部分用hadn't you?You

14、9;d better read it by yourself, hadn't you?8. 陳述部分有would rather +v.，疑問部分多用 wouldn't +主語。He would rather read it ten times than recite it, wouldn't he?9. 陳述部分有You'd like to +v. 疑問部分用wouldn't +主語。You'd like to go with me, wouldn't you?10. 陳述部分有must 的疑問句，根據(jù)其推測的情況來確定反意疑問句。He

15、must be a doctor, isn't he?It must be going to rain tomorrow, isn't it?You must have studied English for three years, haven't you?He must have finished it yesterday, didn't he?(有過去的時間)11. 感嘆句中，疑問部分用be +主語。What colours, aren't they? What a smell, isn't it?12. 陳述部分由neither nor,

16、 either or 連接的并列主語時，疑問部分根據(jù)其實際邏輯意義而定。 Neither you nor I am engineer, are we?13. 陳述部分主語是指示代詞或不定代詞everything, that, nothing, this, 疑問部分主語用it。Everything is ready, isn't it?14. 陳述部分為主語從句或并列復(fù)合句，疑問部分有三種情況： 1) 并列復(fù)合句疑問部分，謂語動詞根據(jù)鄰近從句的謂語而定。Mr. Smith had been to Beijing for several times, he should have been

17、 in China now, shouldn't he?2) 帶有定語從句，賓語從句的主從復(fù)合句，疑問部分謂語根據(jù)主句的謂語而定：He is not the man who gave us a talk, is he?He said he wanted to visit Japan, didn't he?3) 上述部分主句謂語是think, believe, expect, suppose, imagine等引導(dǎo)的賓語從句時注意一下幾種情況：A反意疑問句的陳述部分為I(We) dont think(believe, suppose, consider)+ that從句時，從句為

18、否定意義，問句部分的動詞和主語仍與that從句保持一致且用肯定式。如： I dont think that you can do it, can you? （不用do I?） We dont believe that the news is true, is it? （不用do we?） B反意疑問句的陳述部分為非第一人稱主語+ think(believe, suppose, consider) + that從句時，問句部分的動詞和主語與陳述部分的主句動詞和主語保持一致。如： They all think that English is very important, dont they? （

19、不用isnt it?） He didnt think that the news was true, did he? （不用wasnt/ was it?）4）反意疑問句的陳述部分為主語+said( told, reported, asked) + that從句時，問句部分的動詞和主語與陳述部分的主句動詞和主語保持一致。如： They said that you had finished your work, didnt they? （不用hadnt you） Kate told you that she would go there, didnt she? （不用wouldnt she?） 1

20、5. 陳述部分主語是不定代詞everybody, anyone, somebody, nobody, no one等，疑問部分常用復(fù)數(shù)they，有時也用單數(shù)he。Everyone knows the answer, don't they?(does he?)Nobody knows about it, do they? (does he?)16. 帶情態(tài)動詞dare或need的反意疑問句，疑問部分常用 need (dare ) +主語。We need not do it again, need we ?He dare not say so, dare he?當(dāng)dare, need 為實

21、義動詞時，疑問部分用助動詞do + 主語。She doesn't dare to go home alone, does she?17. 省去主語的祈使句的反意疑問句，疑問部分用will you。Don't do that again, will you?Go with me, will you / won't you ?注意： Let's 開頭的祈使句，后用shall we? Let us 開頭的祈使句，后用will you?Let's go and listen to the music, shall we?Let us wait for you i

22、n the reading-room, will you ?18. 陳述部分是"there be"結(jié)構(gòu)的，疑問部分用 there省略主語代詞。There is something wrong with your watch, isn't there?There will not be any trouble, will there?19. 否定前綴不能視為否定詞，其反意疑問句仍用否定形式。It is impossible, isn't it?He is not unkind to his classmates, is he? 20. 陳述部分的主語為從句時，問句部分的主語一般用it代替，如： What he said is true, isn't it? （不用didnt he?） Where we will build the dam has not been decided yet, has it? （不用wont we?） 21. 陳述部分的主語為動