一般過(guò)去時(shí)與一般將來(lái)時(shí)

1、英語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)詳解：一般將來(lái)時(shí)湖南  陳根花 一、一般將來(lái)時(shí)的定義一般將來(lái)時(shí)表示在現(xiàn)在看來(lái)即將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。常用時(shí)間副詞tomorrow, soon或短語(yǔ)next year / week / month, in a few days, in the future, sometime 做狀語(yǔ)。如：What will you do this afternoon. 你今天下午干什么？We will have a meeting tomorrow. 我們明天要開(kāi)會(huì)。He is going to study abroad next y

2、ear. 明年他要出國(guó)學(xué)習(xí)。 二、一般將來(lái)時(shí)的基本用法及構(gòu)成一般將來(lái)時(shí)的基本用法是表示單純的將來(lái)事實(shí)，由“will / shall + 動(dòng)詞原形”構(gòu)成：We shall have a lot of rain next month. 下個(gè)月將下很多雨。I think she will pass the exam. 我想他考試會(huì)及格的。 三、表示將來(lái)時(shí)間的幾種常見(jiàn)方法英語(yǔ)中除了“will /shall+動(dòng)詞原形”表示半來(lái)時(shí)態(tài)外，還可以有以下多種方法：(1) 用“be going to+動(dòng)詞原形”表示。主要表示打算和預(yù)測(cè)：We a

3、re not going to stay there long. 我們不準(zhǔn)備在那里多待。(表打算)Im afraid theyre going to lose the game. 恐怕他們會(huì)賽輸。(表預(yù)測(cè))Look, its going to rain. 瞧，要下雨了。(表預(yù)見(jiàn))注：be going to 后接動(dòng)詞go和come時(shí)，通常直接改用其進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)：Where is he going to go? / Where is he going? 他打算到哪里去？(2) 用“be to+動(dòng)詞原形”表示。主要表示按計(jì)劃或安排即將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)

4、作；有時(shí)也表示命令、禁止或可能性：He is to leave for Beijing tomorrow. 他決定明天去北京。Tell him hes not to be back late.  告訴他不準(zhǔn)遲回。(3) 用“be about to+動(dòng)詞原形”表示。主要表示即將要發(fā)生的事：He is about to leave. 他即將要離開(kāi)。Sit down, everyone. The film is about to start. 大家坐好，電影馬上就要開(kāi)發(fā)始了。注：該結(jié)構(gòu)通常不與具體的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用：誤：He

5、 is about to leave soon tomorrow.另外，該結(jié)構(gòu)在美國(guó)英語(yǔ)中還可表示“打算”(主要用于否定句)：Im not about to lend him any more money. 我不打算再借給他任何錢(qián)。(4) 用“be due to+動(dòng)詞原形”表示。主要表示按計(jì)劃或時(shí)間表將要發(fā)生某事：He is due to leave very soon. 他很快就要離開(kāi)。His book is due to be published in October. 他的書(shū)計(jì)劃10月份出版。(5) 用“現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)”(即be現(xiàn)在分詞)表示

6、。主要表示按計(jì)劃或安排要發(fā)生的事：The students are leaving on Sunday. 學(xué)生們星期日出發(fā)。Were having a party next week. 我們下星期將開(kāi)一個(gè)晚會(huì)。注：該用法有時(shí)表示即將發(fā)生的動(dòng)作：Im leaving. 我走了。(6) 用“一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)”表示。表示按規(guī)定或時(shí)間表預(yù)計(jì)要發(fā)生的事：The train leaves at 7:25 this evening. 火車(chē)今晚7:25分開(kāi)。Tomorrow is Wednesday. 明天是星期三。We have a holiday to

7、morrow. 我們明天放假。注：在表示時(shí)間、條件等的狀語(yǔ)從句以及某些名詞性從句、定語(yǔ)從句等中，也用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來(lái)意義，參見(jiàn)“時(shí)態(tài)詳解：一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)”的有關(guān)用法。四、三種將來(lái)時(shí)間表示法的比較(1) “will / shall動(dòng)詞原形”與“be going to 動(dòng)詞原形”兩者均可表示將來(lái)時(shí)間和意圖，兩者有時(shí)可換用：I think itll rain this evening. / I think its going to rain this evening. 我想今晚會(huì)下雨。I wont tell you about it. / Im not goin

8、g to tell you about it. 我不會(huì)把這事告訴你的。但有時(shí)有差別： 若是強(qiáng)調(diào)某個(gè)意圖是經(jīng)過(guò)事先考慮好的，則通常要用be going to；若是表示某個(gè)意圖沒(méi)有經(jīng)過(guò)事先考慮，而是在說(shuō)話的當(dāng)時(shí)才臨時(shí)想到的，則通常用will。比較："Ann is in hospital." "Oh, really? I didnt know. Ill go and visit her." “安住院了。”“啊，真的嗎？我還不知道。我要去看看她。” (臨時(shí)想法，不能用be going to)"Ann is in hospital.&

9、quot; "Yes, I know. Im going to visit her tomorrow. “安住院了?！薄拔抑溃掖蛩忝魈烊タ纯此！?(事先考慮的意圖，不能用will) 若是有跡象表明要發(fā)生某事，通常只用be going to，不用will：Look at those black clouds. Its going to rain. 看那些烏云，要下雨了。 帶有時(shí)間或條件狀語(yǔ)從句的主句通常不宜用be going to，而用will：When he comes back, I will tell him the news. 他回

10、來(lái)時(shí)我就告訴他這個(gè)消息。If he comes back, I will tell him the news. 他若回來(lái)我就告訴他這個(gè)消息。(2)“be going to+動(dòng)詞原形”與“現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)” be going to主要表示主觀想法或意圖，而現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行進(jìn)表示將來(lái)則主要已經(jīng)強(qiáng)調(diào)作出的安排。比較：Im going to wash the car if I have time. 若有時(shí)間我想洗洗車(chē)。(主觀想法)Im picking you up at 6; dont forget. 我6點(diǎn)鐘來(lái)接你，不要忘了。(已作出的安排) 但是當(dāng)要表示主觀無(wú)法

11、控制的預(yù)測(cè)時(shí)，通常要用be going to，不能用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)：Its going to snow before long. 不久會(huì)下雪。Things are going to get better soon. 情況很快就會(huì)好起來(lái)。 當(dāng)表示堅(jiān)持要(不要)某人做某事時(shí)，兩者均可用：Shes taking going to take that medicine whether he likes it or not. 不管她喜歡不喜歡，她都得吃那藥。Youre not wearing going to wear that skirt to school.&#

12、160;你不可以穿那條裙子去上學(xué)。(3) “be going to+動(dòng)詞原形”與“be to+動(dòng)詞原形”的區(qū)別兩者均可表示按計(jì)劃或安排要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，有時(shí)可互換(但be to比be going to正式)：Where are we going to stay tonight? 我們今晚住哪里？Im (going) to play tennis this afternoon. 我打算今天下午打網(wǎng)球。另外，be going to 還可表示預(yù)測(cè)，即根據(jù)已有跡象預(yù)測(cè)將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，此時(shí)不能用be to：Look, its going to rain. 看

13、，要下雨了。 五、典型一般將來(lái)時(shí)考題詳解【例1】Turn on the television or open a magazine and you _ advertisements showing happy familiesA. will often see                         

14、        B. often seeC. are often seeing                              D. have often seen分析：A。這是“

15、祈使句+and +陳述句”句型，祈使句相當(dāng)于一個(gè)條件狀語(yǔ)從句，and后的陳述句的謂語(yǔ)用一般將來(lái)時(shí)，這是一個(gè)較為固定的句型。 【例2】He was hoping to go abroad but his parents _ that they wont support him unless he can borrow money from the bank.A. were deciding              &

16、#160;                  B. have decidedC. decided                         &#

17、160;                D. will decide分析：B。因賓語(yǔ)從句中的時(shí)態(tài)是一般將來(lái)時(shí)，主句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞不可能是過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)，排除選項(xiàng)A和D; 由語(yǔ)境判斷，不是“將要決定”，而是“現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)決定”，所以排除D，而選B?！纠?】 How can I apply for an online course?Just fill out this form and we _ wha

18、t we can do four you.A. see                                            

19、0;   B. are seeingC. have seen                                       D. wil

20、l see分析：D。表示將要發(fā)生的情況，自然是用一般將來(lái)時(shí)。【例4】If their marketing plans succeed, they _ their sales by 20 percent.A. will increase                            

21、       B. have been increasingC. have increased                                D. would be

22、 increasing分析：A。由于if條件從句用的是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，所以其相應(yīng)的主句宜用一般將來(lái)時(shí)?！纠?】 Population experts predict that most people _ in cities in the near future.A. live                        

23、                        B. would liveC. will live                    &

24、#160;                     D. have lived分析：C。根據(jù)句中的in the near future可知要用一般將來(lái)時(shí)。【例6】When I talked with my grandma on the phone, she sounded weak, but by the time we _ up, her voice ha

25、d been full of life.A. were hanging                                  B. had hungC. hung    

26、0;                                         D. would hang     

27、0;分析：C。從邏輯上說(shuō)，當(dāng)我在電話里和奶奶聊天時(shí)，她的聲音聽(tīng)起來(lái)很虛弱；但到我們要掛電話時(shí)，她的聲音又充滿(mǎn)朝氣。從邏輯上說(shuō)，應(yīng)該是“奶奶的聲音又充滿(mǎn)朝氣”在先，“我們掛斷電話”在后，如果是反過(guò)來(lái)的話，那說(shuō)話者就無(wú)法聽(tīng)知道“奶奶的聲音又充滿(mǎn)朝氣”之回事了。所以“掛斷電話”應(yīng)用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。另外，由于by the time后接的定語(yǔ)從句通常要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替一般將來(lái)時(shí)，用一般過(guò)去時(shí)代替過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)，所以選項(xiàng)D不能選。【例7】Ann is in hospital.Oh, really? I _ know. I _ go and visit her.A. 

28、;didnt; am going to                          B. dont; wouldC. dont; will              

29、0;                        D. didnt; will分析：D。根據(jù)句意，在此之前說(shuō)話人不知道安住院了，因此第一空用一般過(guò)去時(shí)；說(shuō)話人打算去看她，這個(gè)動(dòng)作還沒(méi)發(fā)生，因此第二空用一般將來(lái)時(shí)。注意be going to與will表示將來(lái)的區(qū)別：表示臨時(shí)的決定，要用be going to，不用 will()。【例8】I

30、ll go to the library as soon as I finish what I _.A. was doing                                       

31、;B. am doing        C. have done                                    &#

32、160;   D. had been doing分析：B。句意是：我一完成我做的工作就去圖書(shū)館。由于“去圖書(shū)館”用的是一般將來(lái)時(shí)，說(shuō)明要完成的工作是“現(xiàn)在”正在做的事情，故用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)。又如：He is studying architecture. 他在學(xué)習(xí)建筑。The ambulance is carrying wounded people to the nearest hospital. 救護(hù)車(chē)正在把受傷的人送到最近的醫(yī)院。一般過(guò)去時(shí)主要是用來(lái)描述在過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)候發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。它也可以用來(lái)表示在過(guò)去某段時(shí)間里經(jīng)常發(fā)生的習(xí)慣

33、性動(dòng)作。這一點(diǎn)在表達(dá)意義上與一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)相同，只是所在的時(shí)間區(qū)域不同而已。由于它的主要作用如此，所以在使用一般過(guò)去時(shí)的句子里常常有一個(gè)意義較具體的過(guò)去時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。這也是它與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的最大區(qū)別之一。一般過(guò)去時(shí)由謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式表示，也就是說(shuō)動(dòng)詞詞末要加-ed(除不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞外)。常和一般過(guò)去時(shí)連用的過(guò)去時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)有：last night (week ,month , year , century , etc.) , yesterday , the day before yesterday , yesterday morning ( afternoon , evening ) , in 1999 , t

34、wo hours ago ( one week ago , tree years ago , )等等。使用一般過(guò)去時(shí)，在某種意義上說(shuō)就是要強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)發(fā)生或存在于過(guò)去的某個(gè)時(shí)候。"過(guò)去"的時(shí)間概念有兩層意思：一是指"現(xiàn)在某個(gè)時(shí)間"以前的時(shí)間;二是指"說(shuō)話、寫(xiě)文章的那個(gè)時(shí)間點(diǎn)"以前的時(shí)間，在這個(gè)意義上，"現(xiàn)在的那個(gè)時(shí)間點(diǎn)"是很小很小的，甚至于小到無(wú)法量化的程度。例如：He got his driving license last month. 他上個(gè)月拿到了駕照。-Where's Jim? 吉姆在哪里?-H

35、e just went out.他剛剛出去。1)當(dāng)let后只有一個(gè)單音節(jié)動(dòng)詞，變被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)，可用不帶to 的不定式。They let the strange go.-> The strange was let go.2) 若let 后賓補(bǔ)較長(zhǎng)時(shí)，let 通常不用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，而用allow或permit 代替。The nurse let me go to see my classmate in the hospital.-> I was allowed / permitted to see my classmate in the hospital.英語(yǔ)一般過(guò)去時(shí)的練習(xí)題及答案 

36、;  劃詞：關(guān)閉劃詞   收藏編輯點(diǎn)評(píng)：一般過(guò)去時(shí)表示過(guò)去某一時(shí)候或某一段時(shí)間所發(fā)生了的事情或存在的狀態(tài)。常與過(guò)去時(shí)間yesterday, this morning, just now, a moment ago, in May, last night / year / week, once upon a time, the other day, before , when clause, in the past連用。1 一般過(guò)去時(shí)練習(xí)題2 答案 一般過(guò)去時(shí)表示：過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)間里發(fā)生了的動(dòng)作。（句子語(yǔ)境是過(guò)去時(shí)，主語(yǔ)時(shí)第三人稱(chēng)

37、單數(shù)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞無(wú)需變成第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)形式，直接變成過(guò)去式。）一、寫(xiě)出下列動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式1.amis _ 2.do _ 3.go _ 4.have _5.isnt _ 6. arent _ 7.spend_ 8.cook_9.read _ 10.clean _ 11.live _ 12.study_二、用適當(dāng)?shù)脑~完成下列對(duì)話1. How was your weekend? It _ great. What _ you _ last weekend ? I _ some homework.2. What _ she _ last weekend? She _ to the beach.3.

38、What _ they do last weekend? They _ to the movies.三、用括號(hào)內(nèi)所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空1. We _ (enjoy) ourselves at the party last night.2.Jack _ (study) for the English test last Sunday.3._ you _ (go) to the Great Wall last year?4. What day _ (be) it yesterday?5.The old man _(be)ill and went to see a doctor.6.We _ (hav

39、e) a party last night.7.We _ (visit) the museum and went home.8. How _ (be) the students? They were very friendly.9.He often _ (have) supper at home. Today he _ (have) supper at school.10. _ he _ (have) lunch at nine? No, he didnt.11.They _(buy) a guitar yesterday.四、句型轉(zhuǎn)換1. He came here last month. (

40、改為否定句) He _ _ here last month.2.They played football this morning. (改為一般疑問(wèn)句并作簡(jiǎn)略回答)_ they _ football this morning?Yes, they _.No, they _ .3.They went to Beijing last year. (就劃線部分提問(wèn))_ _ they _ last year.4.Tom watched TV last night. (改為一般疑問(wèn)句) _ Tom _ TV last night?5.Mary does homework every day. (用 las

41、t night 改寫(xiě)句子)Mary _ _ _ _ .五、選擇填空( ) 1. Lee _ his mobile phone at home.A. leave B. leaves C. leaved D. left( ) 2. _ he _ a good rest? No, he didnt.A. Do, had B. Did, have C. Did, had D. Was, had( ) 3. As soon as he _, he _ to his family.A. arrived, writes B. arrived, written C. arrived, wrote D. arr

42、iveds, write( ) 4. Mr. Black was late because he _ his way.A. losted B. lose C. loses D. lost( ) 5. When _ Lee _ school this morning?A. did, got to B. did, get to C. did, get D. did, got( ) 6. Will you please say it again? I _ quite _ you.A. didnt, hear B. dont, heard C. didnt, heard D. dont, h

43、ear( ) 7. _ you _ at six oclock yesterday?A. Do ,get up B. Did, get up C. Do, got up D. Did, got up( ) 8.What did you see _?A. now B. every day C. these days D. just now( ) 9.He went into the room and _ the door.A. lock B. locking C. locks D. locked( ) 10. What _ you _ last week? I bought a bag.A. d

44、id ,buy B. did , bought C. do, buy D. do, bought( ) 11. _ he _ his lunch? Yes, he did.A. Does ,has B. Does, have C. Did, have D. Did, had( )12.Did the thieves _ into the car? No, they_.A. fell, didnt B. fall(落下), did C. jump（跳）, didnt D. jump, did( ) 13. -When did May come back from Hong Kong? -She

45、_ from Hong Kong last Friday.A. come back B. comes back C. returned back D. came back( ) 14. _ she _ this dictionary in the bookshop nearby last week?A. Did, buy B. Does, buy C. Did, bought D. Does, buys( ) 15. He _ to the station this morning and was_ for the train.A. hurry, in time B. hurries, on

46、time C. hurried, in time D. hurried, at time( ) 16. Where _ Uncle Sun yesterday? A. was B. were C. did D. does( ) 17. Have you seen him today? Yes, I _ him this morning.A. seeing B. see C. sees D. saw( ) 18. He _ worried when he heard the news. A. is B. was C. does D. did( ) 19. There _ a telephone

47、call for my brother Steven yesterday?A. is B. are C. was D. were( ) 20. Liu Fengwei _ three yuan for the lost library book.A. paid B. pay C. spent D. lost( ) 21. He _ in this school in 1958.A. taught B. teach C. teaches D. teaching( ) 22. They _ tired so they stopped _ a rest.A. are, have B. were, h

48、ave C. were, to have D. are, having( ) 23. Yesterday I _ in bed all day because I had a fever.A. lay B. lie C. laid D. lied( ) 24. It was raining hard when he _ home.A. got B. get C. gets D. was getting( ) 25. She said her brother _ in Beijing. He _ to Japan on business last week.A. wasnt, went

49、 B. hasnt, went C. wasnt, go D. isnt, went六、改錯(cuò)題1. How is Jane yesterday? 2. He go to school by bus last week.3. He often goes home at 6:00 last month. 4. I can fly kites seven years ago.5. Did you saw him just now. 6. Tom wasnt watch TV last night.7. I didnt my homework yesterday. 8. He wait for you

50、 three hours ago.9. Who find it just now ? 10. What did he last week?七、用所給動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空1.Tom and Mary _ (come) to China last month.3.Mary _ (read) English yesterday morning.4.There _ (be) no one here a moment ago.5.I _ (call) Mike this morning.6.I listened but _ (hear) nothing.7.Tom _ (begin) to learn C

51、hinese last year.8.Last week we _ (pick) many apples on the farm.9.My mother _ (not do) housework yesterday.10.She watches TV every evening. But she _ (not watch) TV last night.11._ your father _ ( go ) to work every day last year?12. What time _ you _ (get) to Beijing yesterday? We _ (get) to Beiji

52、ng at 9:00 in the evening.14.Last year the teacher _ (tell) us that the earth moves around the sun.15.There _ a telephone call for you just now. (be)16.There _ not enough people to pick apples that day. ( be)17.There _ any hospitals (醫(yī)院) in my hometown (家鄉(xiāng)) in 1940. ( be not)18.There _ enough milk a

53、t home last week, wasnt there?19.Eli _ to Japan last week. ( move)20. When _ you _ (come) to China? - Last year.21.Did she _ (have) supper at home?22.Jack _ (not clean) the room just now.23._ (be) it cold in your city yesterday?24.How many people _ (be) there in your class last term?25.It _ (be) hot

54、 yesterday and most children _ (be) outside.26. There _ (be) a football match on TV yesterday evening, but I _ (have) no time to watch it.27. He ate some bread and _ (drink) some milk.28. _ he _ (finish) his homework last night?29. I_(be) tired yesterday.31. What _ you _ (do) last night?32. My grand

55、father _ (leave) Hong Kong for New York in 1998.33. What _ he _ (do) yesterday?34. Last week I _ (buy) a new bike.35. He _ (be) here just now.36. He _ (not find ) his key last night.37. My father _ (drink) a lot of wine yesterday.38. _ you _ (finish) your homework yesterday?39. I _ (eat) some eggs a

56、nd bread this morning.41. Last year Mr. Smith _ (go ) to China and Japan.46. A week ago, Kitty and Ben _ (be) in the countryside.54. Kitty and Ben _ (stay) at home. They _ (watch) TV.一、按要求變換句型。1. Father bought me a new bike. （同義句）Father bought _ _ _ _ me.2. Frank read an interesting book about histo

57、ry. （一般疑問(wèn)句）_ Frank _ an interesting book about history?3. Hes cleaning his rooms. （劃線提問(wèn)）_ he _?4. Why not go out for a walk? （同義句）_ _ _ out for a walk?5. Thomas spent RMB 10 on this book. （否定句）Thomas _ _ RMB 10 on this book.6. My family went to the beach last week. （劃線提問(wèn)）_ _ _ family _ last week?7.

58、I didnt have any friends. （一般疑問(wèn)句） _ _ have _ friends?8. I think she is Lilys sister. （否定句）_9. Sally often does some reading in the morning. （否定句）Sally _ often _ some reading in the morning.10. He is a tall, thin boy. （劃線提問(wèn)） _ _ he _ _?11. They read English last night.否定句：_一般疑問(wèn)句：_肯定/否定回答：_對(duì)劃線部分提問(wèn)：_二、

59、用所給動(dòng)詞的正確時(shí)態(tài)填空1. He_ TV every evening. (watch)2. We always _ to school on foot. (go)3. Tom with his classmates often _ football after school. (play)4. Their classroom _ four big windows. (have)5. Your shoes _ under the bed. (be)6. She _ for her friends at the bus stop now. (wait)7. Sorry, I_ no e

60、nough money with me now. (have)8. The days _ longer and longer now. (get)9. _ here and _ by me. (come, stand)10. Look, the bus _. (come)11. His uncle usually _ to work by bus. (go)12. Sorry, Im busy. I _to a friend of mine in Hangzhou. (write)13. Lin Tao and his classmates _ on a farm next week. (wo

61、rk)14. We _ to the Great Wall if it _ fine tomorrow. (go, be)16. Mary _thirteen next year. (be)17. Today is Monday. Tomorrow _ Tuesday. (be)18. There _ no hospitals here ten years ago. (be)19. He _you to the station tomorrow morning. (see)20. It _ very hard. Wed better stay at home. (rain)21. I

62、 always _ up at six in the morning, but I _up a little later yesterday. (get )22. She _ swim very well when she was five years old. (can)23. They _ in Beijing in 1960. (be)24. He always _ to work by bike when he was in Shanghai. (go)25. I _ you up as soon as I _to Nanjing. (ring, get)26. They never _ in the room. (smoke)27.