包頭市高考英語二模試卷分類匯編閱讀理解

1、包頭市高考英語二模試卷分類匯編閱讀理解一、高中英語閱讀理解1 .閱讀理解Cassandra Feeley finds it hard to manage on her husband's income. So this year she did something more than a hobby. She planted vegetables in her yard. For her first garden, Ms. Feeley has put in 15 tomato plants, and five rows of a variety of vegetables. The

2、family's old farm house has become a chicken house, its residents arriving next month. Last year, Ms. Rita Gartin kept a small garden. This year she has made it much larger because, she said, "The cost of everything is going up and I was looking to lose a few pounds too; so it's a win-w

3、in situation all around."They are among the growing number of Americans who, driven by higher living costs and a falling economy, have taken up vegetable gardening for the first time. Others have increased the size of their existing gardens. Seed companies and garden shops say that not since th

4、e 1970s has there been such an increase in interest in growing food at home. Now many gardens across the country have been sold out for several months. In Austin, Tex, some of the gardens have a three- year waiting list.George C Ball Jr. owner of a company, said sales of vegetable seeds and plants a

5、re up by 40%, over last year, double the average growth of last five years. Mr. Ball argues that some of the reasons have been building for the last few years. The big one is striking rise in the cost on food like bread and milk, together with the increases in the price of fruit and vegetables. Food

6、 prices have increase of higher oil price. People are driving less, taking fewer vacations, so there is more time to garden.(1) What does the word "residents" in Paragraph 1 probably refer to?A. chickensB. tomatoesC. gardensD. people(2) Why is vegetable gardening becoming increasingly popu

7、lar?A. More Americans are doing it for fun.B. The price of oil is lower than before.C. There's a growing need for fruits.D. The cost of living is on the rise.(3) Which of the following might be the best title for the text?A. Family Food PlanningB. Banking on GardeningC. A Belt-tightening MoveD.

8、Gardening as a Hobby【答案】(1) AD(3) B【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，越來越多的美國人在自家花園里種菜，分析出現(xiàn)這一現(xiàn)象的原因是由于生活成本的上升和經(jīng)濟的下降，人們不得不自己種菜以降低生活成(1)考查詞義猜測。根據(jù)第一段中的 "Thefamily's old farm house has become a chicken house, its residents arriving next month.”可知， Cassandra Feeley 的舊房子成為了養(yǎng)雞的地 方，下個月新的居民就要來了。這里的新居民就是指他們所養(yǎng)的雞。故選 Ao(2

9、)考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第二段中的"Theyare among the growing number of Americanswho, driven by higher living costs and a falling economy, have taken up vegetable gardening for the first time.可知，”菜園的出現(xiàn)是由于生活成本的上升以及經(jīng)濟的下降導(dǎo)致的。故選D。(3)考查主旨大意?？v觀全文可知，本文講述了越來越多的美國人在自家花園里種菜， 分析出現(xiàn)這一現(xiàn)象的原因是由于生活成本的上升和經(jīng)濟的下降。文章并沒有涉及家庭食物 計劃和緊縮活動，更

10、不是把園藝當(dāng)成愛好。故選B。【點評】本題考點涉及推理判斷，詞義猜測和主旨大意三個題型的考查，是一篇社會現(xiàn)象 類閱讀，考生需要根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系，進行分析，推理，概括和歸納，從而選出正確 答案。2 .閱讀理解A study published in the journal Science reveals that since 1970, bird populations in the United States and Canada have declined by 29 percent, or almost 3 billion birds. The results show tremendo

11、us losses across diverse groups of birds and habitats - from iconic songsters such as meadowlarks to long-distance migrants such as swallows."These data are consistent with what we're seeing elsewhere," said coauthor Peter Marra, former head of the Smithsonian Migratory Bird Center. It

12、's urgent to address ongoing threats, both because the domino effects （ 多米諾效應(yīng) ）can lead to the decay of ecosystems that humans depend on for our own health and livelihoods and because people all over the world cherish birds in their own right. Can you imagine a world without birdsong?"Evide

13、nce for the declines emerged from detection of migratory birds in the air from 143 NEXRAD weather radar stations across the continent in a period spanning over 10 years as well as from nearly 50 years of data collected through multiple monitoring efforts on the ground. Citizenscience participants al

14、so contributed a lot, for the analysis included citizen-science data from the North American Breeding Bird Survey coordinated by the Canadian Wildlife Service- the main sources of long-term, large-scale population data for North American birds.The study noted that the largest factor driving these de

15、clines is likely the widespread loss and degradation of habitat, especially due to agricultural intensification and urbanization. Other studies have documented death from predation （捕食）by domestic cats; collisions with glass, buildings, and other structures; and pervasive （普遍的）use of pesticides asso

16、ciated with widespread declines in insects, an essential food source for birds. Climate change is expected to compound these challenges by altering habitats and threatening plant communities that birds need to survive."It's a wake-up call that we've lost more than a quarter of our birds

17、 in the U.S. and Canada," said coauthor Adam Smith from Environment and Climate Change Canada. But the crisis reaches far beyond our individual borders. Many of the birds that breed in Canadian backyards migrate through or spend the winter in the U.S. and places farther south - from Mexico and

18、the Caribbean to Central and South America. What our birds need now is an historic, hemispheric effort that unites people and organizations with one common goal: bringing our birds back.(1) The underlined word "decay" in Paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to.A.improvementB.worseningC.change

19、dD.threat(2) What does Paragraph 3 mainly talk about?A.New findings of the research.B.Applications of the research.C.Data sources of the research.D.Methods of the research.(3) What Adam Smith said mainly implies that.A.bird populations in America and Canada dropped by a quarterB.the bird population

20、crisis is not just within individual bordersC.there is little individuals can do to help increase bird populations D.the solution to solving the crisis needs international cooperation 【答案】(1) B C(3) D【解析】 【分析】本文是一篇新聞報道。發(fā)表在科學(xué)雜志上的一項研究顯示，美國和 加拿大的鳥類數(shù)量已經(jīng)下降了，鳥類和棲息地都遭受了巨大的損失，作者根據(jù)研究數(shù)據(jù)來 說明解決這些問題迫在眉睫，需要全人類共同努

21、力拯救鳥類。(1)考查詞義猜測。根據(jù)第二段中的"It'surgent to address ongoing threats, both becausethe domino effects (多米諾效應(yīng)) can lead to the decay of ecosystems that humans depend on for our own health and livelihoods 可知，解決持續(xù)的威脅迫在眉睫，人類依賴生態(tài)系統(tǒng)以生 存和保持健康，這里的威脅指多米諾效應(yīng)會破壞人們的生態(tài)系統(tǒng)，可以判斷多米諾效應(yīng)會 讓生態(tài)系統(tǒng)惡化，故選B。(2)考查段落大意。根據(jù)第三段在過去

22、10年中，在整個非洲大陸143個天氣雷達站對候鳥的探測，以及通過在當(dāng)?shù)剡M行白多次監(jiān)測工作收集到的近50年的數(shù)據(jù).公民科學(xué)參與者也做出了很大貢獻，分析北美繁殖鳥類調(diào)查數(shù)據(jù)，這是北美鳥類長期、大規(guī)模數(shù)據(jù)的 主要來源?！笨芍?，本段主要介紹了研究的數(shù)據(jù)來源，故選Co(3)考查推理判斷。根據(jù)最后一段中的"What our birds need now is an historic, hemisphericeffort that unites people and organizations with one common goal: bringing our birds back. 可 知，鳥

23、類現(xiàn)在需要的是一項歷史性的、半球性的努力，把人們和組織團結(jié)起來實現(xiàn)一個共 同目標(biāo)：把鳥類帶回來，所以解決這個危機需要國際合作，故選D。【點評】本題考點涉及段落大意，詞義猜測和推理判斷三個題型的考查，是一篇新聞報 道?？忌枰鶕?jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系，進行分析，推理，概括和歸納，從而選出正確答案。3 .閱讀理解Do you know that junk food isn't healthy? Of course you do! Do you eat it anyway? Of course you do! But a new study shows teaching adolescents

24、about the ways food companies fool them into thinking junk food is cool can encourage kids to fight back by eating healthier.The pull of junk food can be super-strong. It's designed to tasty; which makes eating well one of the great health challenges of our time. Everyone from doctors to the gov

25、ernment has been trying to handle it. Yet we keep eating junk food.Professor Christopher Bryan says, "Food companies want you to want junk food." They spend millions of dollars coming up with new ways toA promote junk food consumption. They hire scientists to make new junk food almost irre

26、sistible. They might do this, for example, by adding more sugar. Rats fed junk food for six weeks will even walk across a floor that gives them electric shocks just to get more of such food.Food ads often make unhealthy junk food seem healthy by featuring professional athletes, fit- looking pop star

27、s and smiling, active teens. "We thought when the students learned this, it would matter to them," Bryan says. He worked with 8th graders at a Texas school. Half of them got a lesson Bryan created. It focused on the ways junk food is advertised, or marketed. A second group received lessons

28、 that focused on health. These lessons informed students junk food is had, and that foods like apples or carrots are a better choice. The students learned a bad diet can lead to major weight gain, and that being overweight puts people at risk for serious diseases. They also learned how eating well n

29、ow can keep you healthy when you're older.After the lessons, the kids in both groups were asked how they felt about junk food. Most didn't have positive feelings about these unhealthy foods.(1) Why does the author mention the questions in paragraph 1?A. To express his doubts about junk food.

30、B. To promote the idea of healthy eating.C. To describe the situation of junk food.D. To introduce the topic for discussion.(2) What remains a great health challenge to doctors?A. Making people do more exercise.B. Making people eat healthily.C. Making people lose weight.D. Making people prefer junk

31、food.(3) What message does paragraph 3 mainly try to convey?A. What makes junk food almost impossible to resist.B. What influences junk food can have on consumers.C. How food companies try to get people to reach for junk food.D. Why food companies promote the consumption of junk food.(4) Which of th

32、e following words can best describe Bryan's lessons?A. Shocking.B. Popular.C. Effective.D. Abstract.【答案】(1) DB（ 3） C（ 4） C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，研究表明：讓青少年了解食品公司的推銷方式比單純告訴他們垃圾食品的危害更能讓他們選擇健康的飲食。（ 1 ）考查推理判斷?？v觀全文可知本文介紹了一項研究：讓青少年了解食品公司的推銷方式比單純告訴他們垃圾食品的危害更能讓他們選擇健康的飲食?？梢酝茢喑?，文章第一段中提及那兩個問題Do you know that junk

33、 food isn't healthy? 你知道垃圾食品不健康嗎？Doyou eat it anyway? 你仍然還吃垃圾食品？是為了引出本文要討論的話題。故選D。（ 2）考查細節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第二段中的“ It's designed to be tasty, which makes eating well oneof the great health challenges of our time. Everyone from doctors to the government has been trying to handle it. 可知，垃圾食品很美味，這使吃得好成為一個巨大

34、的健康挑戰(zhàn)，從醫(yī)生 ”到政府每一個人都一直在努力應(yīng)對這一挑戰(zhàn)。由此可知，對醫(yī)生而言，讓人們吃得健康依然是一個巨大的健康挑戰(zhàn)。故選B。（ 3）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第三段中先提到“食品公司想要消費者想吃垃圾食品”，緊接著說到 “它們（食品公司）花巨資想辦法推廣垃圾食品，它們聘請科學(xué)家制作新的垃圾食品，使人們幾乎無法抗拒”，接著還舉例說“它們可能會往垃圾食品中添加更多的糖”。由此可以推斷，作者在本段主要是想告訴讀者食品公司是如何想方設(shè)法讓人們?nèi)コ岳称返摹９蔬xC。（ 4）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第四段主要介紹Bryan 給德克薩斯州的一所學(xué)校的八年級學(xué)生們上的課，再根據(jù)文章最后一段After the le

35、ssons, the kids in both groups were asked howthey felt about junk food. Most didn't have positive feelings about these unhealthy foods. 可知， 課后當(dāng)這些孩子被問及他們對垃圾食品的看法時，大多數(shù)人對這些不健康的食品都不持正面的看法。由此可以推斷，Bryan 的課是有效的。故選C。【點評】本題考點涉及細節(jié)理解和推理判斷兩個題型的考查，是一篇健康類閱讀，考生需要準(zhǔn)確捕捉細節(jié)信息，并根據(jù)上下文進行邏輯推理，從而選出正確答案。（ 5） 理解Dance Clas

36、sesBalletBallet teaches grace, posture（ 姿勢 ） and flexibility. Students focus on the use of proper ballet items（物品）,expanding their knowledge of classical ballet techniques and improving motor skills for classical ballet practice. The class is a formal ballet class.Age 8-10September 7, 2019-May 16, 2

37、02010:30 am-12:00 am on SaturdayCreative MoversStudents can explore creative movement, balance, focus, the development of skills, motor planning and balance. The class helps build strength, flexibility and self-confidence, and allows children to realize expression in a positive and encouraging envir

38、onment. Children use their imagination to celebrate movement and have lots of fun.Age 3-5September 7, 2019-January 18, 20209:00 am-9:45 am on SaturdayJazzJazz includes movements from both classical ballet and dance techniques. This class will focus on traditional jazz dance. Students will be introdu

39、ced to jazz-style rhythms and movements. In order to ensure proper placement for your child, we invite all students to participate in a sample(示例)class. Students and parents work with program staff to meet students' personal dance goals.Age 5-6September 7, 2019-May 16, 20202:00 pm-3:00 pm on Sat

40、urdayHip HopStudents will be introduced to several different aspects of hip hop dance including popping, locking, breaking and totting in a high-energy environment. Our hip hop instructors are highly knowledgeable and will provide students with a wonderful view of hip hop dance.Age 7-10September 7,

41、2019-May 16, 20201:00 pm-2:00 pm on Sunday(1) Which class is suitable for 4-year-old children?A. Ballet.B. Creative Movers.C. Hip Hop.D. Jazz.(2) What can students do in the jazz class?A. Make use of all the ballet items.B. Learn the long history of jazz.C. Dance with famous modern jazz dancers. D.

42、Get to know jazz-style movements.(3) What is special about the hip hop class?A. It is open in the afternoon.B. It is available on Sunday.C. It teaches traditional dances.D. It has the most skilled teachers.【答案】(1) BD(4) B【解析】【分析】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文，介紹了幾門舞蹈課。這些課程適合不同年齡段的孩子。孩子們可以根據(jù)自己的喜好選擇自己喜歡的課程。(1)考查細節(jié)理解。根據(jù) Cre

43、ative Movers部分中的Age 3-5可知，Creative Movers這門課 適合四歲的孩子。故選Bo(2)考查細節(jié)理解。根據(jù)Jazz部分中的"Studentswill be introduced to jazz-style rhythmsand movements.可知，學(xué)生們在 Jazz課中可以了解爵士風(fēng)格白舞蹈動作。故選 D。(3)考查細節(jié)理解。根據(jù)文中"Ballet(10:30am-12:00 am on Saturday) ;Creative Movers(9 :00 am-9 : 45 am on Saturday) " " Ja

44、zz(32 00cppmon Saturday)" " Hip Pop(2 : 00 pmpm on Sunday)可知其他三門舞蹈課都是在星期六上課，而 Hip Hop課是在星期天上課，這 就是它獨特的地方。故選 Bo【點評】本題考點涉及細節(jié)理解題型的考查，是一篇介紹類閱讀，要求考生準(zhǔn)確捕捉細節(jié)信息，并結(jié)合題目要求，從而選出正確答案。5. （2019?天津）閱讀理解How does an ecosystem （生態(tài)系統(tǒng)）work? What makes the populations of different speciesthe way they are? Why ar

45、e there so many flies and so few wolves? To find an answer, scientists have built mathematical models of food webs, noting who eats whom and how much each one eats.With such models, scientists have found out some key principles operating in food webs. Most food webs, for instance, consist of many we

46、ak links rather than a few strong ones. When a predator （掠食動物）always eats huge numbers of a single prey （獵物）,the two species arestrongly linked; when a predator lives on various species, they are weakly linked. Food webs may be dominated by many weak links because that arrangement is more stable ove

47、r the long term. If a predator can eat several species, it can survive the extinction（滅絕） of one of them. And if apredator can move on to another species that is easier to find when a prey species becomes rare, the switch allows the original prey to recover. The weak links may thus keep species from

48、 driving one another to extinction.Mathematical models have also revealed that food webs may be unstable, where small changes of top predators can lead to big effects throughout entire ecosystems. In the 1960s, scientists proposed that predators at the top of a food web had a surprising amount of co

49、ntrol over the size of populations of other species-including species they did not directly attack.And unplanned human activities have proved the idea of top-down control by top predators to be true. In the ocean, we fished for top predators such as cod on an industrial scale, while on land, we kill

50、ed off large predators such as wolves. These actions have greatly affected the ecological balance.Scientists have built an early-warning system based on mathematical models. Ideally, the system would tell us when to adapt human activities that are pushing an ecosystem toward a breakdown or would eve

51、n allow us to pull an ecosystem back from the borderline. Prevention is key, scientists says because once ecosystems pass their tipping point （臨界點）,it is remarkablydifficult for them to return.（1） What have scientists discovered with the help of mathematical models of food webs ? A. The living habit

52、s of species in food webs.B. The rules governing food webs of the ecosystems.C. The approaches to studying the species in the ecosystems.D. The differences between weak and strong links in food webs.（2） A strong link is found between two species when a predator.A. has a wide food choiceB. can easily

53、 find new preyC. sticks to one prey speciesD. can quickly move to another place（3） What will happen if the populations of top predators in a food web greatly decline ?A. The prey species they directly attack will die out.B. The species they indirectly attack will turn into top predators.C. The livin

54、g environment of other species will remain unchanged.D. The populations of other species will experience unexpected changes.（ 4） What conclusion can be drawn from the examples in Paragraph 4 ？A. Uncontrolled human activities greatly upset ecosystems.B. Rapid economic development threatens animal hab

55、itats.C. Species of commercial value dominate other species.D. Industrial activities help keep food webs stable.（ 5） How does an early-warning system help us maintain the ecological balance ？ A. By getting illegal practices under control.B. By stopping us from killing large predators.C. By bringing

56、the broken-down ecosystems back to normal.D. By signaling the urgent need for taking preventive action.【答案】（ 1 ） B（ 2） C（ 3） D（ 4） A（ 5） D【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，介紹了借助食物網(wǎng)的數(shù)學(xué)模型，科學(xué)家們發(fā)現(xiàn)了一些在食物網(wǎng)運營的關(guān)鍵原則?？茖W(xué)家們說;因為一個生態(tài)系統(tǒng)越過了它的臨界點，它們很難再回來。該系統(tǒng)將告訴我們何時適應(yīng)人類活動，這些活動正將生態(tài)系統(tǒng)推向崩潰，或者甚至允許我們將生態(tài)系統(tǒng)從邊緣拉回來，預(yù)防是關(guān)鍵。（ 1）考查細節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第二段中的“ W

57、ith such models, scientists have found out some keyprinciples operating in food webs. ”可知，借助食物網(wǎng)的數(shù)學(xué)模型，科學(xué)家們發(fā)現(xiàn)了食物網(wǎng)中的一些關(guān)鍵原則。故選B。（ 2）考查細節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第二段中的“ When a predator（ 掠食動物） always eats hugenumbers of a single prey（ 獵物）， the two species are strongly linked 可知，當(dāng)捕食者總是吃大 ”量的單一獵物，這兩個物種是緊密相連的。故選C。（ 3）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第

58、三段中的“ In the 1960s, scientists proposed that predators at thetop of a food web had, a surprising amount of control over the size of populations of other species they did not directly att ack ”可知，處于食物網(wǎng)頂端的食肉動物對它們沒有直接攻擊的其他物種的種群數(shù)量有著驚人的控制，由此可推斷出，如果食物鏈頂級食肉動物的數(shù)量大大下降，其他物種的種群將經(jīng)歷意想不到的變化。故選D。（ 4）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)最后一段中

59、的“ Ideallythe system would tell us when to adapthuman activities that are pushing an ecosystem toward a breakdown or would even allow us to pull an ecosystem back from the borderline 可知，人類過度的活動會將生態(tài)系統(tǒng)推向崩潰，”由此可推斷出，不受控制的人類活動極大地破壞了生態(tài)系統(tǒng)。故選A。（ 5）考查細節(jié)理解。根據(jù)最后一段中的“ Scientists have built an early-warming system basedon mathematical models. Ideally the system would tell us when to adapt human act