高中英語語法定語從句總復(fù)習(xí)

1、高中英語語法定語從句總復(fù)習(xí)                              定義：用來說明主句中某一名詞或代詞（有時(shí)也可說明整個(gè)主句或主句中一部分）而起定語作用的句子叫作定語從句。一、關(guān)系帶詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句1. 關(guān)系代詞用來指代先行詞是人或物的名詞或代詞 句子成分 用于限制從句或

2、非限制性從句 只用于限制性從句  代替人代替物代替人或物主語Whowhich 主語Whomwhichthat賓語Whose (=of whom)Whose (=of which)that 例：This is the detective who came from London.例：The book which I am reading is written by Tomas Hardy.關(guān)系代詞的用法(1) 如果先行詞是all, much, anything, something, nothing, everything, little, no

3、ne等不定代詞，關(guān)系代詞一般只用that，不用which。例如： All the people that are burst into tears.（所有人都迸出眼淚。）(2) 如果先行詞被形容詞最高級(jí)以及first, last, any, only, few, most, no, some, very等詞修飾，關(guān)系代詞常用that,不用which, who，或whom。    (3) 非限制性定語從句中，不能用關(guān)系代詞that,作賓語用的關(guān)系代詞也不能省略。There are about seven million people taking part in t

4、he election, most of whom、are well educated.(4) which還有一種特殊用法，它可以引導(dǎo)從句修飾前面的整個(gè)主句，代替主句所表示的整體概念或部分概念。在這種從句中，which可以作主語，也可以作賓語或表語，多數(shù)情況下意思是與and  this 相似，并可以指人。例如：He succeeded in the competition, which made his parents very happy. (5) that可指人或物，在從句中作表語，（指人作主語時(shí)多用who）僅用于限制性定語從句中。 (6) which可作表語

5、，既可指人，以可指物。指人時(shí)，一般指從事某種職業(yè)或是有某種特征品性或才能的人。Which引導(dǎo)的定語從句可以是限制性的，也可以是非限制性的。(7) 如果作先作詞的集體名詞著眼于集體的整體，關(guān)系代詞用which;若是指集體中的各個(gè)成員，則用who。(8) 先行詞有兩個(gè)，一個(gè)指人，一個(gè)指物，關(guān)系代詞應(yīng)該用that。(9) 如果先行詞是anyone, anybody, everyone, everybody, someone, somebody,關(guān)系代詞應(yīng)該用 who 或whom，不用 which。例如：Is there anyone here who will go with you?（在這的所有人

6、中誰和你一起去？）“介詞關(guān)系代詞“是一個(gè)普遍使用的結(jié)構(gòu)(1) “介詞關(guān)系代詞“可以引導(dǎo)限制性定語從句，也可以引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句?！敖樵~關(guān)系代詞“結(jié)構(gòu)中的介詞可以是 in, on, about, from, for, with, to at, of, without 等，關(guān)系代詞只可用whom或 which,不可用 that 。 (2) from where為“介詞關(guān)系副詞“結(jié)構(gòu)，但也可以引導(dǎo)定語從句。例如：We stood at the top of the hill, from where we can see the town. (3) 像listen to, loo

7、k at, depend on, pay attention to, take care of等固定短語動(dòng)詞，在定語從句中一般不宜將介詞與動(dòng)詞分開。例如：This is the boy whom she has taken care of. （這是她曾今照顧的孩子。）二、關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句1關(guān)系副詞也可以引導(dǎo)定語從句關(guān)系副詞在從句中分別表示時(shí)間地點(diǎn)或原因。關(guān)系副詞when在從句中充當(dāng)時(shí)間狀語，where 充當(dāng)?shù)攸c(diǎn)狀語，why充當(dāng)原因狀語。2. that可引導(dǎo)定語從句表示時(shí)間地點(diǎn)或原因That有時(shí)可以代替關(guān)系副詞 when, where 或者why引導(dǎo)定語從句表示時(shí)間地點(diǎn)或原因，在

8、 that引導(dǎo)的這種定語從句中，that也可以省去。三、限制性定語從句與非限制性定語從句1二者差異比較限制定語從句緊跟先行詞，引導(dǎo)詞同先行詞之間一般不加逗號(hào)，僅修飾先行詞，可以由關(guān)系代詞關(guān)系副詞或that來引導(dǎo)。非限制性定語從句僅作補(bǔ)充或說明，用逗號(hào)與主句隔開，既可修飾先行詞，又可修飾整個(gè)主句，不可用that引導(dǎo)。2關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞的選擇依據(jù) (1) 弄清代替先行詞的關(guān)系詞在從句中作什么成分,作狀語的應(yīng)選用關(guān)系副詞，作主語賓語或表語的可選用關(guān)系代詞。3. 先行詞與定語從句隔離定語從句一般緊跟在先行詞之后，但定語從句與先行詞之間有時(shí)也會(huì)插入別的成分，構(gòu)成先行詞與定語從句的隔

9、離。例如：This is the article written by him that Is poke to you about.四、As在定語從句中的用法1. 引導(dǎo)限制性定語從句和非限制性定語從句（）as多與such 或the same連用，可以代替先行詞是人或物的名詞。（）as 也可單獨(dú)使用，引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，作用相當(dāng)于which。例如：The elephants nose is like a snake, as anybody can see. (）the same that與 the same as在意思上是不同的。2As引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句的位置as引導(dǎo)的非限制性定

10、語從句位置較靈活，可以位于主句前面中間或后面，一般用逗號(hào)與主句隔開，但which所引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句只能放在主句之后。例如：As is expected, the England team won the football match.五、英語定語從句專項(xiàng)練習(xí)單項(xiàng)填空1I think youre got to the point_ a change is needed, otherwise youll fail.A. when              

11、;      B. that                C. where             D. which2The hours _ the children spend in their one-way relationship with television peo

12、ple undoubtedly affect their relationships with real-life people.A. when                    B. that              C. in which  

13、0;          D. on which3Many people who had seen the film were afraid to go to the forest when they remembered the scenes_ people were eaten by the tiger.A. that               

14、0; B. by which           C. which               D. in which 4There were dirty marks on her trousers _ she had wiped her hands.A. where       

15、;        B. which         C. when                 D. that 5_ is often the case,we have worked out the production plan.A. Which   &

16、#160;          B. When         C. What                  D. As 6_ is reported in the newspaper,talks between the two countries are

17、making progress.A.It                     B.As                  C.That       

18、0;       D.What 7There are many people_ only on-line activity is sending and receiving e-mails.A.who                 B.that           &

19、#160;  C.which                D.whose 8EBay,Amazon and WalMart are popular websites_people can sell goods to each other.A.where           B.which     

20、     C.when            D.whose9On his 10th birthday.Marty manages to escape from the zoo and gets onto the subway, _he believes that he can go to the wild.A.which            &

21、#160;                 B.from what           C.through which                  

22、60;  D.that10I hope_the little _I have been able to do has been of some use.A.that;that         B./;by which    C.what;what            D./;with which11The farmers use wood to build a ho

23、use_to store grains all the year around.A.with which    B.to which    C.which    D.in which 12This was a film_ Spielberg used real actors instead of toys.A.which                

24、60;   B.when               C.in which             D.there13The thought of going home to his family was allkept him happy while he was working abroad.A.that

25、          B.what         C.those        D.which14A container weighs more after air is put in_proves that air has weight.A.as        B.it 

26、60;       C.that       D.which 15Can you tell me where Peter lives?Over there.The two storey house, _there is a garden.A.near it                  

27、0; B.from which        C.in front of it              D.in front of which 16Miss Green took up the story at the point_the thief had just made off with the jewels.A.where       

28、                B.which            C.as                      

29、;    D.when17Why does she always ask you for help?There is no one else_ ,is there?A.who to turn to                               

30、B.she can turn to               C.for whom to turn                              D.for

31、 her to turn 18The year before last,part of Southeast Asia was struck by floods,from _effects the people are still suffering.A.that                 B.whose           

32、;    C.those               D.what 19Nowadays teenagers like to go to fast food restaurants, _ as the name suggests,eating doesnt take much time.A.who           

33、       B.where              C.which              D.what 20Later I want to return home but couldnt find a company _I could use_I had learnt.A

34、.where;that                                  B.where;what            C.when;what

35、                                  D.that;that 21Government reports,legal papers and most business letters are the main situations _ Eng

36、lish is used.A.when                    B.that                 C.how         

37、0;      D.where 22We hope the measures to control house prices，_ are taken by the government，will succeed.A.as                  B.when         &#

38、160;    C.since                D.after 23The boy the teachers considered _ failed in the final exam, surprised them very much.A.to be the best；which          &#

39、160;                B.as the best student；that       C.to have been studying well；it               D.such as a good stud

40、ent；which 24The president,together with his bodyguards, _ to the nuclear station _ there was an accident 20 minutes ago.A.have come；which                       B.came；in which  

41、60;     C.has come；where                        D.come；in which 25Is there a gas station around_ I can get some petrol?A.which      

42、60;                          B.what          C.where             

43、                    D.that26There was_ time_ I hated to go to school.A.a；that          B.a；when           

44、;    C.the；that         D.the；when 27It was in the very house _ was built with stones _ he spent his childhood.A.that；that                    

45、60;           B.that；where        C.which；that                           &#

46、160;  D.which；where 28These wild flowers are so special I would do _I_ them.A.what；can save                             B.all what；can to save &#

47、160;        C.what；can to save                        D.everything；can save 29I shall never forget those years _I lived in the country with farmers,_h

48、as a great effect on my life.A.that；which                                    B.when；which     &

49、#160;       C.which；that                                   D.when；who 30.Just like a voyage at sea,o

50、ur life journey, _ days are limited,is full of difficulties.A. that   B. which          C. it     D. whose 高中總復(fù)習(xí)英語定語從句專項(xiàng)練習(xí)卷參考答案1答案：C 解析：where在此處引導(dǎo)定語從句。2答案：B解析：本題考查定語從句。that引導(dǎo)的定語從句又在從句中作spend的賓語。3答案：D 解析：由四個(gè)選項(xiàng)知該空格應(yīng)填入定語從句的

51、引導(dǎo)詞，此句意義為：people were eaten by the tiger in the scene，所以先行詞scene應(yīng)該與介詞in搭配。4答案：A 解析：關(guān)系副詞where引導(dǎo)定語從句，修飾trousers，并在定語從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語。全句意思為：在她擦手的褲子上留下了污跡。5答案：D 解析：從句意看，本題考查定語從句的用法，故首先排除C項(xiàng)。由于when在定語從句中只能作時(shí)間狀語，而題干中的定語從句缺主語，因而排除B項(xiàng)；as與which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句時(shí)，which引導(dǎo)的定語從句只能放在主句之后，而as引導(dǎo)的定語從句可放在主句之前，也可放在主句之后，其中as表示“正如那樣”。as is often the case為固定詞組，意為“這是常用的事；正如常見的情形”。全句意思為“正如平常一樣，我們已經(jīng)制訂出了工作計(jì)劃”。最佳答案D。6答案：B 解析：由題干的結(jié)構(gòu)及內(nèi)容看，逗號(hào)之前，應(yīng)為非限制性定語從句，故選B項(xiàng)。全句意思為：“正如報(bào)紙上報(bào)道的那樣，兩國(guó)之間的談判取得了進(jìn)展?！比暨xA項(xiàng)，此句應(yīng)為：It is reported in the newspaper that talks between the two.若選D項(xiàng)，此句應(yīng)為：What is reported in the newspaper is that talks between the tw