Unit Eight Shipment課件

1、Unit EightShipment To learn the practices of making a shipment. To learn useful terms and expressions for shipment. To practice writing letters for shipment.ObjectivesShipment:nIn foreign trade, the goods sold have to be forwarded from one place to another. This is what we call shipment. the consign

2、er( (發(fā)貨人發(fā)貨人) ) who sends the goods; the carrier( (承運人承運人) ) who carries them; the consignee( (收貨人收貨人) ) who receives them at the destination. In business on FOB, C&F or CIF basis, shipment means delivery. In other words, so long as you ship the goods ordered on board, you have effected delivery. Bef

3、ore shipment, importers usually send shipping instructions to the exporters, stating means of shipment, packing, shipping marks, etc. As an exporter, he must always be kept informed of the names of steamers and their sailing dates from his port. On discussing shipment in a contract, the two parties

4、concerned should reach an agreement on the following points: time of shipment, loading port and port of destination, shipping documents, etc. No shipment being usually possible without an L/C, it is advisable for the exporters to sell for shipment within a certain period after receipt of the relativ

5、e L/C. In order to avoid asking for an amendment at a later date, the exporter should require an L/C allowing transshipment and partial shipment.Procedures of ShipmentnOn receipt of the relative L/C, he should contact the ships agents or the shipping company for the booking of shipping space and pre

6、pare for the shipment in accordance with the importer shipping instructions. As soon as the goods are onboard, the master of the steamer or the ships agents will give him a receipt of the goods shipped (mates receipt). That receipt is what we call the Bill of Lading. The exporter sends the Bill of L

7、ading together with the invoice and other shipping documents to his bank for the negotiation of his draft on the opining bank of the L/C. At the same time, he sends a shipping advice, usually by cable, informing the importer of the name of steamer, the sailing date and other details, enabling the im

8、porters to arrange insurance and prepare for taking delivery of goods. Thus, if the goods are overdue, the buyers can check with the transportation company.On CIF basis, it is the seller that should book the shipping space, arrange insurance and bear the premium, while on FOB and C&F basis, the buye

9、r should do all these things. As a rule, on FOB basis, the buyers arrange chartering steamer or the booking of shipping space. If he fails to do this duty, he will beheld liable for the losses thus sustained by the seller. Partial shipment If possible, the seller may choose to make several partial s

10、hipments of the contracted goods at different times. “Partial shipments allowed” should be stated in the L/C as well as in the contract. Transshipment If there is no steamer directly from the port of loading to the port of destination, transshipment is necessary. In order to avoid dispute that might

11、 arise in the future, the seller should first get the buyers permission for transshipment and then, “Transshipment is allowed” should be stated in the L/C as well as in the contract. It is the most important shipping document. It is a contract between the shipper and the shipping company; It is a re

12、ceipt for the consignment; It is a document of title. Bill of Lading On Board B/L ( (已裝船提單已裝船提單) ) Received B/L ( (備運備運/ /待裝提單待裝提單) ) Clean B/L ( (清潔提單清潔提單) ) Foul B/L ( (不潔提單不潔提單) ) Straight B/L ( (直交提單直交提單/ /不轉(zhuǎn)讓提單不轉(zhuǎn)讓提單) ) Order B/L ( (指使提單指使提單/ /指定收貨人提單指定收貨人提單) ) Ocean B/L ( (遠洋提單遠洋提單) ) Local B/L

13、 ( (當?shù)靥釂萎數(shù)靥釂? ) Stale B/L ( (陳舊提單陳舊提單) ) Negotiable /non-negotiable B/L ( (可轉(zhuǎn)讓可轉(zhuǎn)讓/ /不可轉(zhuǎn)讓提單不可轉(zhuǎn)讓提單) )Some kinds of bills of lading n Bill of Lading: issued by the captain or the shipping companies to testify that the goods have been received or shipped on board for delivery to a certain destination.n1

14、. On board B/L已裝船提單: the goods have been shipped on boardn2. Received B/L備運提單:the goods have been received for shipment. n3. Clean B/L: has no unfavourable remarks by the carrier. This means goods are in good condition.n4. Unclean B/L: has unfavourable remarks such as “ package in damaged condition”

15、.n5. Straight B/L記名提單： has a specified name in the column of consignee of the B/L. thus, goods can only be received by the person specified and the B/L is not to be transferred to a 3rd person. n6. Order B/L指示提單: does not have a specified name in the column of consignee of B/L. In its place, usually

16、 to order or to the order of. It can be transferred to other by endorsement 背書。Classification of Bill of Lading（一）根據(jù)貨物是否已裝船，可分為已裝船提單和備運提單（一）根據(jù)貨物是否已裝船，可分為已裝船提單和備運提單 1.已裝船提單（已裝船提單（On Board B/L; Shipped B/L）是指貨物裝船 后由承運人或其授權(quán)代理人根據(jù)大副收據(jù)簽發(fā)給托運人的提單。這種提單除載明一般的事項外，通常還必須注明裝載貨物的船舶名稱和裝船日期。由于已裝船提單對于收貨人及時收到貨物有保障，所以在

17、國際貨物買賣合同中一般都要求賣方提供已裝船提單。這種提單在國際貿(mào)易中被廣泛使用。2.備運提單（備運提單（Received for Shipment B/L）是指承運人已收到托運貨物等待裝運期間所簽發(fā)的提單，這種提單沒有肯定的裝貨日期，往往不注明裝運船舶的名稱，因而買方和銀行不接受備運提單。備運提單如經(jīng)承運人加注“已裝船”字樣等信息也可轉(zhuǎn)為已裝船提單。（二）根據(jù)貨物表面狀況，有無不良批注分為（二）根據(jù)貨物表面狀況，有無不良批注分為 清潔和不清潔提單清潔和不清潔提單1.清潔提單（清潔提單（Clean B/L）指貨物在裝船時表面情況良好，輪輪船公司在提單上未批注表示貨物或其包裝有缺陷詞句的提單。銀行

18、在辦理議付貨款時，為了安全起見一般都要求提供清潔提單。2.不清潔提單（不清潔提單（Unclean or Foul B/L）指輪船公司在提單上對貨物表面狀況或包裝加有“不良”或“存在缺陷”等批注的提單，如“3件破損”、“被雨淋濕”、“鐵條松失”等，但是并非提單有批注即為不清潔提單。諸如，“舊桶”、“舊箱”之類表示不能令人滿意的批注不能視為不清潔提單。（三）根據(jù)收貨人抬頭可分為記名提單、（三）根據(jù)收貨人抬頭可分為記名提單、 不記名提單和指示提單不記名提單和指示提單1記名提單（記名提單（Straight B/L）指承運人按托運人的意圖，簽發(fā)給指定收貨人的提單。在這種提單中，收貨人欄內(nèi)都填寫有具體收貨

19、人名稱，只能由指定收貨人提貨，不能轉(zhuǎn)讓。這種提單很少使用，通常只在運送貴重物品或特殊用途貨物時才采用這種提單。2.不記名提單（不記名提單（Bearer/Open/Blank B/L）指在“收貨人”一欄內(nèi)不具體寫明收貨人名稱的提單。它不需要任何背書手續(xù)即可裝讓，或在“收貨人“欄中僅填“來人”(bearer),持單者僅憑提單即可提貨。這種提單如發(fā)生遺失或被竊，容易引起糾紛，故現(xiàn)在的對外貿(mào)易中很少使用這種提單。3.指示提單（指示提單（Order B/L）指“收貨人”一欄內(nèi)部不明確寫明收貨人名稱，僅寫“憑指示”（to order）或“憑某某人指示”（to order of ）字樣的一種提單。這種提單按

20、照表示指示人的方法不同，指示提單又分為托運人指示提單、記名指示人提單和選擇指示人提單。如果在收貨人欄內(nèi)只填記“指示”字樣，則稱為托運人指示提單。這種提單在托運人未指定收貨人或受讓人之前，貨物所有權(quán)仍屬于賣方，在跟單信用證支付方式下，托運人就是以議付銀行或收貨人為受讓人，通過轉(zhuǎn)讓提單而取得議付貨款的。如果收貨人欄內(nèi)填記“某某指示”，則稱為記名指示提單。如果在收貨人欄內(nèi)填記“某某或指示”，則稱為選擇指示人提單。記名指示提單或選擇指示人提單中指名的“某某”既可以是銀行的名稱，以可以是托運人。 指示提單是一種可轉(zhuǎn)讓提單。提單的持有人可以通過背書的方式把它轉(zhuǎn)讓給帶三者，而無須經(jīng)過承運人認可，所以這種提單

21、為買方所歡迎。（四）根據(jù)運輸方式，可分為直達提單、（四）根據(jù)運輸方式，可分為直達提單、 轉(zhuǎn)船提單和聯(lián)運提單轉(zhuǎn)船提單和聯(lián)運提單1.直達提單（直達提單（Direct B/L）是指貨物從裝運港裝船后，中途不換船而直接運到目的港的提單。2.轉(zhuǎn)船提單（轉(zhuǎn)船提單（Transhipment B/L）是指貨物須經(jīng)中途轉(zhuǎn)船才能到達目的港而由承運人在裝運港簽發(fā)的全程提單。轉(zhuǎn)船提單上注有“在某港裝船”的字樣，承運人只對第一程運負責。3.聯(lián)運提單（聯(lián)運提單（Through B/L）是指須經(jīng)兩種或兩種以上運輸方式（海陸、海河、?？?、海洋等）聯(lián)運的貨物，由第一承運人收取全程運費后，在起運地簽發(fā)到目的港的全程運輸提單。聯(lián)運

22、提單雖然包括全程運輸，但簽發(fā)提單的承運人只對自己運輸?shù)囊欢魏匠趟l(fā)生的貨損負責，這種提單與裝船提單性質(zhì)相同。（五）根據(jù)提單的簽發(fā)日期，可分為預借提單、五）根據(jù)提單的簽發(fā)日期，可分為預借提單、 倒簽提單和過期提單倒簽提單和過期提單1.預借提單（預借提單（Advanced B/L）是指承運人在貨物未裝船或未裝船完畢時簽發(fā)的提單。在托運人需要提前取得運輸單據(jù)辦理貨款結(jié)算手續(xù)，或作為其他用途時，通常會要求承運人簽發(fā)預借提單。簽發(fā)這種提單承運人要承擔很大的風險，也可能構(gòu)成承、托雙方合謀對善意的第三者收貨人進行欺詐的行為。2.倒簽提單（倒簽提單（Anti-dated B/L）是指承運人在提單上簽注的貨物裝

23、船完畢的日期早于貨物實際裝船完畢的日期。這種提單與“預借提單”一樣，通常被認為是非法的和欺詐性的，應禁止使用。3.過期提單（過期提單（Stale B/L）是指出口商不按規(guī)定或法定的期限向銀行交付的提單。即貨物裝船后，賣方向當?shù)劂y行提交裝船提單時，銀行按正常郵程預計收貨人不能在船舶抵港之前收到提單。（六）根據(jù)提單內(nèi)容的繁簡，可分為全式提單（六）根據(jù)提單內(nèi)容的繁簡，可分為全式提單 和略式提單和略式提單1全式或繁式提單（全式或繁式提單（Long Form B/L）是指在提單上列有承運人和托運人權(quán)利、義務、責任和豁免等詳細條款的提單。由于提單正反面均列有繁瑣的條款，所以又有繁式提單之稱。這是一種在實際

24、業(yè)務中應用較廣的提單格式。2.略式或簡式提單（略式或簡式提單（Short Form B/L）是指僅保留提單正面的必要記載事項，而無背面詳細條款的提單。（七）根據(jù)提單使用效力，可分為正本提單（七）根據(jù)提單使用效力，可分為正本提單 和副本提單和副本提單1 正本提單（正本提單（Original B/L）是指提單上有承運人、船長或其代理人簽名蓋章并注明簽發(fā)日期的提單。這種提單在法律上是有效的提單。正本提單上必須標明“正本”（Original）字樣。正本提單一般簽發(fā)一式兩份或三份，憑其中的任何一份提貨后，其余的即作廢。2. 副本提單（副本提單（Copy B/L）是指提單上沒有承運人、船長、其或代理人簽字

25、蓋章，而僅供工作上參考之用的提單。在副本提單上一般標明“Copy”或“Non-negotiable”（不做流通轉(zhuǎn)讓）字樣，以示與正本提單有別。大副收據(jù)大副收據(jù) mates receipt 又稱收貨單，指當托運人將準備裝船的貨物送到碼頭，并由承運人或其辦理運輸?shù)拇砣耸沼檪溥\，該承運人或其代理人主要是船上大副根據(jù)裝載貨物的實際情況向托運人簽發(fā)的一種單證。 大副收據(jù)確認收到貨物并記載貨物的數(shù)量和狀況，而且也可能記載托運人或貨主的名稱。由于大副收據(jù)是簽發(fā)提單的重要依據(jù)，而且依照法律規(guī)定，承運人從貨物裝上船時起即承擔對貨物的責任，所以在裝貨的過程中，大副必須將貨物的實際情況與裝貨單的記載進行細致核對。

26、只有大副收據(jù)的收受人或占有人，才有權(quán)要求將提單簽發(fā)給他。大副收據(jù)在一般情況下并不是已裝船貨物的物權(quán)憑證，不可以向第三人轉(zhuǎn)讓或為第三人創(chuàng)造針對承運人的權(quán)利。Shipping DocumentsnCommercial invoicenInsurance policynBill of ladingnPacking listnSurvey reportnCertificate of origin Shipment lettersnUrging shipmentnShipping instructionnShipping advice The seller should let the buyer kn

27、ow as soon as the shipment is effected, by sending the buyer the shipping advice together with a set of shipping documents. Shipping AdviceThe date and number of Bill of LadingThe date and number of the Contractthe names of commodities and their quality and valuethe name of the carrying vesselthe na

28、me of the shipping port/loading portthe estimated time of departure (ETD)the name of the destination portthe estimated time of arrival (ETA) . . . . . . . .Contents of a shipping adviceFormat of Urging Shipmentlettersndraw their attention to the expiration date of the orderngive the reasons for effe

29、cting shipment as soon as possiblenwish for close cooperationShipping instructionn Before shipment, importers usually send shipping instructions to the exporter, stating means of shipment, packing, shipping marks, etc.Shipping InstructionnDear Sirs,nRe: Your Sales Confirmation No. C215 Covering 4000

30、 Dozen Shirtsn We have for acknowledment your letter dated 19th August in connection with the above subject.n In reply, we have the pleasre of informing you that the confirmed, irrevocable letter of Credit No. 7634, amounting to 3500, has been opened this morning through the District Bank, Ltd, Manc

31、hester. Upon receipt of the same, please arrange shipment of the goods booked by us with the least possible delay. We are informed by the local shipping company that S/S “Browick” is due to sail from your city to our port on or about the 10th September and, if possible, please try your best to ship

32、by that steamer.Should this trial order prove satisfactory to our customers, we can assure you that repeat orders in increased quantities will be placed. Your close co-operation in this respect will be highly appreciated. In the meantime we await your shipping advice by fax.Shipping AdvicenDear Sirs

33、, nL/C No. 7634, S/C No. C215 covering 4000 Dozen Shirtsn We have pleasure in informing you that we have completed the above shipment in accordance with the stipulations set forth in the captioned Letter of Credit, and we confirm our cable of todays date, reading:n“S/CC215 L/C7634 4000DOZEN SHIRTS S

34、HIPPED FENGCHING SAILING26”n We are sending you under cover one set of duplicate shipping documents so that you may make all the necessary preparations to take delivery of the goods when they duly arrive at your port. Invoice NO. 44156 IN DUPLICATE Packing List No.56789 in duplicate Non-negotiable B

35、ill of Lading No.AD4567 Insurance Policy No. BG4563 Survey Report No. TF1445 we trust the above shipment will reach you in sound condition and expect to receive your further orders before long. We appreciate the business you have been able to secure for us and assure you that all your future corresp

36、ondence, enquiries and orders will continue to receive our careful attention. Yours faithfully,1. punctual adj. As we all know, punctual delivery of the goods is the basis for our good business relationships. If you can ensure punctual effectuation of this contract, we will consider placing repeat o

37、rders. n2. shipping company/instruction/advice/date/mark/port/space3. of utmost/special/ vital /great importance = very important Time of shipment is of vital importance for this order. Your cooperation under these circumstances is of great importance to our execution of the contract on time. 4. dis

38、patch v.t. send We confirm our fax of 8th and wish to inform you that the goods have been dispatched by S.S. “ANDES MARU”. We will arrange for the goods to be dispatched by the first available steamer upon receipt of your L/C. nIf the buyers fail to dispatch the vessel in time, the Sellers shall hav

39、e the right to claim compensation for their losses.n nWe are anxious to dispatch a business in hand.n 5. facilitate v.t. make it easy or convenient To facilitate your taking delivery of the goods, we are enclosing a full set of the shipping documents. We are now writing to give you shipping instruct

40、ions to facilitate your arrangement for the shipment of the goods. 6.consignment: goods consignede.g.nThe consignment has gone forward on S/S “Yantai”.nTwo out of a consignment of fifty machines shipped on S/S “Tianjin” were damaged during transit.7. in duplicate=in two copies in triplicate= in thre

41、e copies in quadruplicate=in four copies in quintuplicate=in five copies in sextuplicate in septuplicate in octuplicate8. explicitly adv. clearly It is explicitly stipulated in the contract that shipment must be effected by the end of this month. We have informed you explicitly that any further dela

42、y will lead to our canceling our order. 9.fulfill = execute = carry out Failure to fulfill the agreement punctually will lead to our loss of belief in your credibility. Please fulfill your responsibilities according to our contract. execute the agreement 履行協(xié)議履行協(xié)議execute the shipment of the goods 完成貨物完成貨物裝運裝運10.stipulate v. set forthAs is stipulated, you must provide us with goods of superior quality. It is stipulated in the relative L/C that clean B/L shall be p