高中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法-代詞和練習(xí)題

1、 高中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法-代詞代詞分為九類:人稱代詞、物主代詞、反身代詞、相互代詞、指示代詞疑問(wèn)代詞、連接代詞、不定代詞、關(guān)系代詞。大多數(shù)代詞具有名詞和形容詞的作用。1、人稱代詞(1人稱代詞作主語(yǔ)用主格,作賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)用賓格,但應(yīng)注意以下情況:在比較級(jí)的句子中than、as后用主格、賓格都可以。如:He is taller than me但在下列句中有區(qū)別。I like Jack as much as her.=I like both Jack and her.I like Jack as much as she.=I like Jack and she likes him, too.(2兩個(gè)以上的人稱代

2、詞并列,其次序排列原則:在并列主語(yǔ)中,“I”總是放在最后,排列順序?yàn)?二三一(人稱。賓格me也一樣。You ,she and I will be in charge of the case.Mr.Zhang asked Li Hua and me to help him.第三人稱,男女兩性并用,男先女后。He and she still dont agree to the pl an.(3幾個(gè)人稱代詞的特殊用法。we/you(口語(yǔ)常用來(lái)泛指一般人。she可以代表國(guó)家、船只、大地、月亮等。The “Titanic”was the largest, wasnt she?2.物主代詞(1名詞和形容詞

3、性物主代詞各自的語(yǔ)法功能。(2ones own=.of ones own句式的轉(zhuǎn)換。3.反身代詞(1反身代詞的語(yǔ)法功能:賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)的同位語(yǔ)。(2反身代詞和某些動(dòng)詞連有,構(gòu)成固定短語(yǔ)。enjoy oneself, feel oneself, make oneself at home, make oneself understood(3反身代詞還可用于某些成語(yǔ)中。for oneself為自己或獨(dú)立地,of oneself自然地,自動(dòng)地by oneself獨(dú)自地,in oneself本身性質(zhì),beside oneself喜怒哀愁至極This problem gets a chapter

4、to itself.這個(gè)問(wèn)題占了一章(獨(dú)有。Just between ourselves, I dont think much of him.私下地說(shuō)我并不怎么看重他。They were discussing about it among themselves.(相互共同Left to himself he began to write.別人走后只留下他,他寫(xiě)了起來(lái)。4.相互代詞(each other, one another相互代詞無(wú)人稱、數(shù)和格的區(qū)別,在句中作賓語(yǔ)。其所有格分別為each others 、one anothers ,作定語(yǔ)。一般來(lái)說(shuō),each other指兩者之間,one

5、another指三者或三者以上之間,但現(xiàn)在區(qū)分已 不明顯。5.指示代詞(this, that , these, those, such, same指示代詞具有形容詞和代詞兩種詞性,在句子中可以作定語(yǔ)、主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ)等。(1指示代詞this和that的區(qū)別。this (these一般指時(shí)間或空間上較近的人或物;that(those常指時(shí)間或空間較遠(yuǎn)的人或物。This is my desk and that is yours.In those days they could not go to school.this常指后面要講到的事物,有啟下的作用;that則指前面講到過(guò)的事物,有承上的作用。

6、I want to tell you this:the English party will be held on Saturdayafternoon.He hurt his leg yesterday. Thats why he didnt come.為了避免重復(fù),常用that或those代替前面已提過(guò)的名詞。The weather of Beijing is colder than that of Nanjing.The ears of a rabbit are longer than those of a fox.this在電話用語(yǔ)中作自我介紹,that詢問(wèn)對(duì)方;this和that可以當(dāng)

7、副詞用,意思相當(dāng)于副詞so。(2such和same的用法。such指“這樣的”人或事,在句中作主語(yǔ)和定語(yǔ)。Such was the story.We have never seen such a tall building.same指“同樣的”人或事,在句中作主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)和定語(yǔ),same的前面要用定冠詞the.The same can be said of the other article.另一篇文章也是同樣的情況。(主語(yǔ)Whether he can do it or not,it is all the same to me.他是否能做這事,對(duì)我來(lái)說(shuō)都一樣。(表語(yǔ)6、疑問(wèn)代詞(who,w

8、hom,which,what,whose疑問(wèn)代詞在句中作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)和表語(yǔ)。(1who/what詢問(wèn)姓名或關(guān)系。Who is he? He is my brother./He is Henry.詢問(wèn)職業(yè)或地位。What is he?He is a lawyer/teacher.What/who 作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù)取決于說(shuō)話人的視點(diǎn),可單數(shù)也可復(fù)數(shù)。What is /are on the table?Who is/are in the library?(2which與who、whatwhich表示在一定范圍內(nèi),而who、what則無(wú)此限制。I found two books on the

9、 desk.Which is yours?7.連接代詞和關(guān)系代詞 連接代詞與疑問(wèn)代詞的形式相同,主要有who、whom、whose、what、which以及它們與ever 合成的代詞whoever、whomever、whatever、whichever等。它們用來(lái)引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句,賓語(yǔ)從句和表語(yǔ)從句,即連接復(fù)合句中的主句和從句,并在從句中擔(dān)任一定的句子成分。關(guān)系代詞是用來(lái)引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的代詞,它們包括who、whom、whose、which、that等。這兩類代詞的用法詳見(jiàn)“名詞性從句”和“定語(yǔ)從句”部分。8、不定代詞不定代詞主要有:all、each、every、both、either、neithe

10、r、one、none、little、few、many、much、other、another、some、any、no等。還有由some、any、no和every構(gòu)成合成代詞,不定代詞具有名詞和形容詞的性質(zhì),并有可數(shù)和不可數(shù)之分,在句中可以作主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、同位語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)等(every、no只能作定語(yǔ)。下面介紹幾組主要不定代詞的用法與區(qū)別。(1some與any一般用法:some、any可與單、復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞及不可數(shù)名詞連有。some一般用于肯定句,any多用于疑問(wèn)、否定或條件句。He has some Chinese paintings.(定語(yǔ)Some like sports,others l

11、ike music.(主語(yǔ)Do you have any questions to ask?(定語(yǔ)I dont know any of the students.(賓語(yǔ)特殊用法:any用于肯定句表示“任何”的意思。Any child can do that.(定語(yǔ)You may take any of them.(賓語(yǔ)some用于單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞前表示“某一”。Smith went to some place in England.(定語(yǔ)在期待對(duì)方回答yes 時(shí),some用在表示請(qǐng)求或邀請(qǐng)的問(wèn)句中。Would you like some bananas?(邀請(qǐng)Mum,could you give

12、me some money?(請(qǐng)求some 用于否定句表示部分否定。I dont know some of the students.(賓語(yǔ)some和any在句中還可作狀語(yǔ),作副詞。some意為“大約”相當(dāng)于“about”,而any則表示程度,意為“稍,絲毫”。如:There are some 300 workers on strike.Do you feel any better today?(2one,both,allone作定語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ),可以指人或物,表示“一個(gè)”的意思,其復(fù)數(shù)為ones,指人時(shí),其所有格是ones,反身代詞是oneself.One should try one

13、s best to serve the people.(主語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)This is not the one I want.(表語(yǔ) one、ones可以代替上文提到過(guò)的名詞,以免重復(fù),one、ones前面分別可以用this、that、these、those或the、which等詞修飾。如:These books are more interesting than those ones.Here are three pens.Which one is yours,this one or that one or the one in the pencil-box?both用作定語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、主語(yǔ)和同位語(yǔ),

14、可以指人或指物,表示“兩者都”的意思。This maths problem can be worked out in both ways.(定語(yǔ)Both of the boys are here.(主語(yǔ)We both are students.(同位語(yǔ)注意:both用于否定句,表示部分否定;表示完全否定時(shí),用neither。如:Both of us are not teachers.我們倆并不都是教師。Neither of us is a teacher. 我們倆都不是教師。both不能放在the、these、those、my等之后,而應(yīng)放在它們的前面。如:Both my parents li

15、ke this film.Both the /these boys are tall.all用作主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)、同位語(yǔ),指“全部的”、“整個(gè)的”,可與可數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞連用,除少數(shù)情況外,一般不與單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞連用,與復(fù)數(shù)名詞連用時(shí),表示“所有的”、“全部的”,指三個(gè)或三個(gè)以上的人或物。He gave me all the money.他把全部的錢(qián)給了我。All the schools are flooded.所有的學(xué)校都被淹了。I told him all about it. 我把一切都告訴了他。Thats all for today.今天就在這兒。They have all been

16、to Xian.他們都去過(guò)西安。注意:all 用于否定句,表示部分否定,完全否定用none。如:Not all the ants go out for food.(or:All the ants dont go out for food.并不是所有的螞蟻都出去尋找食物。None of the money is mine.這錢(qián)一分也不是我的。(3many和muchmany和much都表示“許多”,但many修飾或代替復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞,much修飾或代替不可數(shù)名詞。它們?cè)诰渲锌勺髦髡Z(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)。much有時(shí)用作狀語(yǔ)。(4few, little; a few, a littlefew和little表示

17、沒(méi)有多少,含否定意義;而a few 和a little表示有一些,有幾個(gè),含肯定意義。另外,few、a few 修飾可數(shù)名詞;little、a little修飾不可數(shù)名詞。它們?cè)诰渲谐Ｓ米鞫ㄕZ(yǔ)、主語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)。(5no和noneno=not any,表示“沒(méi)有”,用來(lái)修飾可數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞,通常作定語(yǔ),none代替不可數(shù)名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式;代替可數(shù)名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞可用單數(shù)也可用復(fù)數(shù) 形式。none還可以在句中作賓語(yǔ)。注意:none既可以指人又可以指物,no one只能指人。(6each和everyeach(各個(gè),指兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的人或物,側(cè)重個(gè)體,在句中作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)和同

18、位語(yǔ)。every(每個(gè),指三個(gè)或三個(gè)以上的人或物,側(cè)重整體,在句中只能作定語(yǔ)。Every student it our class has a dictionary.(定語(yǔ),強(qiáng)調(diào)班上“所有的人”Each student in our class has a dictionary.(定語(yǔ),強(qiáng)調(diào)各個(gè)個(gè)體Each of them has been there.(主語(yǔ)The teacher gave each of the students a new textbook.(賓語(yǔ)We each got a ticket.(同位語(yǔ)(7either和neithereither是“兩者中任何一個(gè)”的意思,可修

19、飾或代替單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞,neither是“兩者中沒(méi)有一個(gè)”的意思,可以修飾或代替單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞,它們可在句在作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)或定語(yǔ)。如: Here are two pens. You may take either of them.(賓語(yǔ)Neither boy knows French.(定語(yǔ)注意:either也作副詞,其意為“也”,用于否定句的句末。He doesnlike tea, and I dont either.(狀語(yǔ)either與or構(gòu)成連詞,意為“不是就是”或“要么要么”。He is eitherJapanese or Chinese.neither用作副詞,意為“也不”,即“noteither”。He cant do it, neither canneither可與nor構(gòu)成連詞,意為“既不也不”。Neither he nor you are a student.(8other和another, the others 和othersthe other表示“兩者中